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Encyclopedia > Protectorates
Contents
1 Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell
2 19th Century revival of term
3 The League of Nations
4 Legal definition
5 US use of term
6 See also

Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell

See The Protectorate.


19th Century revival of term

The British revived the term after 1815, in ordering and validating their de facto occupation of Corfu and the seven Ionian islands during the last days of Napoleonic hegemony. The islands were constituted by the Treaty of Paris in 1815 as the independent 'United States of the Ionian Islands' under British protection.


Other British protectorates followed. In 1894 Prime Minister William Gladstone's government officially announced that Uganda was to become a British Protectorate, where Muslim and Christian strife had attracted international attention. The British administration installed carefully selected local kings under a program of indirect rule through the local oligarchy, creating a network of British-controlled civil service. Most British protectorates were overseen by a Commissioner or a High Commissioner, rather than a governor.


The League of Nations

The League of Nations established League of Nations Mandates, similar to protectorates, for "responsible" European powers in various areas of the non-European world.


Legal definition

In international law, a protectorate is a state or territory controlled by a more powerful state. The controlled state generally retains some degree of autonomy over internal affairs and is not a possession of the controlling state. The protectorate is almost always allowed to keep an indigenous ruler as nominal head of state. The controlling state typically directs foreign relations and defense. The relationship is established by treaty. In this sense a protectorate is a type of dependent area.


Similar concepts to protectorate include suzerainty and a tributary.


US use of term

Some agencies of the United States government, such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency, use the term protectorate to refer to insular areas of the United States such as Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. However, the agency responsible for the administration of those areas, the Office of Insular Affairs (OIA) within the United States Department of Interior exclusively uses the term insular area rather than protectorate.


Although the term "protectorate" is not used consistently by governmental agencies, some consider the insular areas to be considered protectorates of the United States.


See also


  Results from FactBites:
 
Oliver Cromwell - The Founding of the Protectorate (754 words)
On the morning of Monday 19 December the Council gathered for what appears to have been quite a brief meeting which decided various procedural matters, including the form of address to be used by petitioners, ambassadors and others, and the appointment of Henry Lawrence as chairman and president of the Council.
The newspapers reported that “this day with sound of Trumpet and great solemnity, his Excellence was proclaimed Protector of the Three Nations…by a Serjeant at Arms at the Exchange in London, the Lord Mayor, Aldermen and Common Councel being present, and in several other places of the City of London and in Westminster”.
Oliver, Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland, considering that whereas the exercise of the chief Magistracy and the administration of Government within the said Commonwealth is invested and established in his Highnesse assisted with a Councel.
The Protectorate Military (1564 words)
Protectorate warships are capable of striking orbital targets from safe jump distance and with a different take on jump technology are capable of more mobility than that of any other fleet.
The dress uniform of the Protectorate Marine Corps is similar to that of the Navy except that the color is dark blue instead of fl.
The dress uniform of the Protectorate Army is a yellow shirt with a necktie, grey trousers, and a peaked hat.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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