Schematic representation of a protein electrophoresis gel

In chemistry and medicine, protein electrophoresis (a.k.a. Immunoelectrophoresis ) is a method of analysing a mixture of proteins by means of gel electrophoresis, mainly in blood serum (blood plasma is not suitable). Image File history File links Electrophoresis. ... Image File history File links Electrophoresis. ... For other uses, see Chemistry (disambiguation). ... For the chemical substances known as medicines, see medication. ... Immunoelectrophoresis (IES) is the electrophoresis of a determined antigen mixture in an agarose gel that allows the separation of different proteins along the gel slide, and then the lateral diffusion in the gel of an immune serum or a monoclonal antibody. ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin showing coloured alpha helices. ... Gel electrophoresis is a technique used for the separation of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, or protein molecules using an electric current applied to a gel matrix. ... For other uses, see Blood (disambiguation). ... Blood plasma is the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended. ... Blood plasma is the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended. ...

Interpretation

There are two large classes of blood proteins: serum albumin and globulin. They are generally equal in proportion, but albumin is much smaller and lightly negatively charged, leading to an accumulation of albumin on the electrophoretic gel. A small band before albumin represents transthyretin (also named prealbumin). Some forms of medication or body chemicals can cause their own band, usually small. Abnormal bands (spikes) are seen in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and multiple myeloma, and are useful in the diagnosis of these conditions. For other uses, see Blood (disambiguation). ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin showing coloured alpha helices. ... You may be looking for albumen, or egg white. ... Globulin is one of the two types of serum proteins, the other being albumin. ... Transthyretin (TTR) is a serum and cerebrospinal fluid carrier of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4). ... Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS, unknown or uncertain may be substituted for undertermined) is a condition in which a low or non-quantifiable level of a monoclonal paraprotein is detected in the blood by means of protein electrophoresis. ... Multiple myeloma (also known as MM, myeloma, plasma cell myeloma, or as Kahlers disease after Otto Kahler) is a type of cancer of plasma cells which are immune system cells in bone marrow that produce antibodies. ...

The globulins are classified by their banding pattern (with their main representatives): Globulin is one of the two types of serum proteins, the other being albumin. ...

• The alpha (α) band consists of two parts, 1 and 2:
  • α₁ - α₁-antitrypsin, α₁-acid glycoprotein.
  • α₂ - haptoglobin, α₂-macroglobulin, α₂-antiplasmin, ceruloplasmin.
• The beta (β) band - transferrin, LDL, complement
• The gamma (γ) band - immunoglobulin (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM). Paraproteins (in multiple myeloma) appear in this band.

Alpha Globulins are a group of globular proteins in plasma, which are highly mobile in alkaline or electricaly charged solutions. ... RNA expression pattern Orthologs Human Mouse Entrez Ensembl Uniprot Refseq Location Pubmed search alpha 1-Antitrypsin or α1-antitrypsin (A1AT) is a glycoprotein and generally known as serum trypsin inhibitor. ... Haptoglobin (abbreviated as Hp) is a protein in the blood plasma that binds free hemoglobin released from erythrocytes with high affinity and thereby inhibits its oxidative activity. ... Alpha-2 macroglobulin is a large plasma protein found in the blood. ... Alpha 2-antiplasmin (or α2-antiplasmin or plasmin inhibitor) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) responsible for inactivating plasmin, an important enzyme that participates in fibrinolysis and degradation of various other proteins. ... Ceruloplasmin Ceruloplasmin (or caeruloplasmin), officially known as ferroxidase or iron(II):oxygen oxidoreductase, is a copper transport protein found in the blood. ... Schematic representation of a protein electrophoresis gel Beta globulins are a group of globular proteins in plasma that are more mobile in alkaline or electricaly charged solutions than gamma globulins, but less mobile than alpha globulins. ... Transferrin is a plasma protein for iron ion delivery. ... Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) refers to a class and range of lipoprotein particles, varying somewhat in their size and contents, which carry cholesterol in the blood and around the body, for use by various cells. ... A complement protein attacking an invader. ... Schematic representation of a protein electrophoresis gel Gamma globulins, or Igs, are a class of proteins in the blood, identified by their position after serum protein electrophoresis. ... Schematic of antibody binding to an antigen An antibody is a protein complex used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses. ... A paraprotein is an abnormal protein in the urine or blood, most often associated with multiple myeloma. ... Multiple myeloma (also known as MM, myeloma, plasma cell myeloma, or as Kahlers disease after Otto Kahler) is a type of cancer of plasma cells which are immune system cells in bone marrow that produce antibodies. ...

See also

• Gel electrophoresis
• Paraprotein
• Electrofocusing
• QPNC-PAGE
• Immunofixation

Gel electrophoresis is a technique used for the separation of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, or protein molecules using an electric current applied to a gel matrix. ... A paraprotein is an abnormal protein in the urine or blood, most often associated with multiple myeloma. ... Electrofocusing, or isoelectric focusing, is a technique for separating different molecules by their electric charge differences (if they have any charge). ... QPNC-PAGE (Abbr. ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin showing coloured alpha helices. ... Protein methods are the techniques used to study proteins. ... In the scientific method, an experiment (Latin: ex- periri, of (or from) trying) is a set of observations performed in the context of solving a particular problem or question, to retain or falsify a hypothesis or research concerning phenomena. ... Protein purification is the process of isolating proteins from a homogenate, which may comprise cell and tissue components, including DNA, cell membrane and other proteins. ... It has been suggested that mGFP be merged into this article or section. ... A Western blot. ... Immunostaining is a general term in biochemistry that applies to any use of an antibody-based method to detect a specific protein in a sample. ... Proteins are found in every cell and are essential to every biological process, protein structure is very complex: determining a proteins structure involves first protein sequencing - determining the amino acid sequences of its constituent peptides; and also determining what conformation it adopts and whether it is complexed with any... Gel electrophoresis is a technique used for the separation of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, or protein molecules using an electric current applied to a gel matrix. ... Immunoprecipitation is the technique of precipitating an antigen out of solution using an antibody specific to that antigen. ... Peptide mass fingerprinting (also known as protein fingerprinting) (PMF) is an analytical technique for protein identification that was developed by John Yates and colleagues (3). ... Map of the human X chromosome (from the NCBI website). ... Protein structure prediction is one of the most significant technologies pursued by computational structural biology and theoretical chemistry. ... Protein-protein docking is the determination of the molecular structure of complexes formed by two or more proteins without the need for experimental measurement. ... Protein structural alignment is a form of alignment which tries to establish equivalences between two or more protein structures based on their fold. ... Protein ontology or Proteome Ontology is a research tool of proteomics, similar to the scientific classification system used in biology. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... An assay is a procedure where the concentration of a component part of a mixture is determined. ... Enzyme assays are laboratory methods for measuring enzymatic activity. ... The Bradford Protein Assay is a spectroscopic analytical procedure used to measure the concentration of protein in a solution. ... Secretion assay is a process used in cell biology to identify cells that are secreting a particular protein (usually a cytokine). ...

External links

Discontinuous native protein gel electrophoresis

Protein purification facility