Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterium. It shows swarming, motility, and urease activity. P. mirabilis causes 90% of all 'Proteus' infections. It beglongs the the Tribe Proteaee. Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Phyla/Divisions Actinobacteria Aquificae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Nitrospirae Omnibacteria Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Bacteria (singular, bacterium) are a major group of living organisms. ... Orders Alpha Proteobacteria    Caulobacterales - e. ... Genera see text The Enterobacteriaceae are a large family of bacteria, including many of the more familiar pathogens, such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli. ... Genera see text The Enterobacteriaceae are a large family of bacteria, including many of the more familiar pathogens, such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli. ... In biology, Proteus is a genus of Gram-negative Proteobacteria, which includes pathogens responsible for many human urinary tract infections. ... In biology, binomial nomenclature refers to the formal method of naming species. ... Bacteria that are Gram-negative are not stained dark blue or violet by Gram staining, in contrast to Gram-positive bacteria. ... Anaerobic is a technical word which literally means without air. ... Phyla/Divisions Actinobacteria Aquificae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Nitrospirae Omnibacteria Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Bacteria (singular, bacterium) are a major group of living organisms. ... This article is about swarms in biology. ... Motility is the ability to move spontaneously and independently. ... Helicobacter Pylori Urease drawn from PDB 1E9Z. Urease (EC 3. ...

Diagnosis

An alkaline urine sample is a possible sign of P. mirabilis. The common (Arrhenius) definition of a base is a chemical compound that either donates hydroxide ions or absorbs hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. ... Urine is liquid waste excreted by the kidneys and eventually expelled from the body in a process known as urination. ...

P. mirabilis can be diagnosed in the lab due to characteristic swarming, motility, and lactose negativity. Lactose is a disaccharide that makes up around 2-8% of the solids in milk. ...

Disease

This bacterium has the ability to produce high levels of urease. Urease hydrolyzes urea to ammonia and thus makes the urine more alkaline. If left untreated, the increased alkalinity can lead to the formation of crystals of struvite, calcium carbonate, and/or apatite. The bacteria can be found throughout the stones, and these bacteria lurking in the stones can reinitiate infection after antibiotic treatment. Once the stones develop, over time they may grow large enough to cause obstruction and renal failure. Helicobacter Pylori Urease drawn from PDB 1E9Z. Urease (EC 3. ... Urea is an organic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen, with the formula CON2H4 or (NH2)2CO. Urea is also known as carbamide, especially in the recommended International Non-proprietary Names (rINN) in use in Europe. ... Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3. ... Quartz crystal A crystal is a solid in which the constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are packed in a regularly ordered, repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions. ... lots of issues | leave me a message 01:13, 10 August 2005 (UTC) NH 4 MgPO 4 ·6H 2 O System: Orthorhombic Colour: Yellow or Brownish, ... Lustre: Dull Hardness: 1½ - 2 Name: Named after Heinrich Christian Gottfried Struve (1722-1851) of the russian diplomatic service, consul at Hamburg (Germany). ... Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound, with chemical formula CaCO3. ... Apatite is a group of minerals, usually referring to: hydroxylapatite, fluorapatite, and chlorapatite, named for high concentrations of OH-, F-, or Cl- ions, respectively, in the crystal lattice. ...

Treatment

P. mirabilis is susceptible to most antibiotics apart from tetracycline. Between 10% and 20% of P. mirabilis strains are also resistant to first generation cephalosporins and ampicillins. An antibiotic is a drug that kills or slows the growth of bacteria. ... This article deals with the specific antibiotic called Tetracycline. ... The cephalosporins, are a class of β-lactam antibiotics. ... Ampicillin (C16H18N3O4S) Ampicillin (C16H18N3O4S ; CAS No. ...

Characteristics

P. mirabilis can utilize Urea and Citrate. It can produce Hydrogen Sulfide gas, and forms clear films on growth media. It is motile, possessing peritrichous flagella, and is known for its swarming ability. It is commonly found in the intestinal tract of humans. P. mirabilis is not pathogenic in Guinea Pigs or Chickens. It has the distinction of being the only pathogenic organism with a virulence factor named for late rock musician Frank Zappa.

The microorganism tests:

• • Indole Negative and Nitrogen Reductase Positive
  • Methyl Red Positive and Vogues-Proskauer Negative
  • Catalase Positive and Cytochrome Oxidase Negative
  • Phenylalanine Deaminase positive

External links

• "Proteus mirabilis and Urinary Tract Infection" [1].