1992 Russian edition of the Protocols, adapting Eliphas Levi's portrayal of Baphomet.

The Protocols of the (Learned) Elders of Zion (Russian: Протоколы Сионских мудрецов or Сионские Протоколы) is a document frequently quoted and reprinted by anti-Semites, purporting to describe a plan to achieve Jewish global domination. It has been proven a hoax by numerous independent investigations during the last hundred years. The Encyclopædia Britannica describes the Protocols as a "fraudulent document that served as a pretext and rationale for anti-Semitism in the early 20th century". This image is a book cover. ... This image is a book cover. ... Eliphas Lévi Eliphas Lévi, born Alphonse Louis Constant, (February 8, 1810 - May 31, 1875) was a French author and magician. ... Baphomet, by Eliphas Lévi. ... Anti-Semitism (alternatively spelled antisemitism) is hostility towards Jews (not: Semites - see the Misnomer section further on). ... The word Jew (Hebrew: יהודי transliterated: Yehudi) is used in many ways, but generally refers to a follower of Judaism, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity; and often a combination of these attributes. ... Global domination, global conquest, world conquest, or world domination is an ambitious goal in which one government, one ideology or belief system, or even one person, seeks to secure complete political control of any entire planet (often Earth). ... A hoax is an attempt to trick an audience into believing that something false is real. ... 1913 advertisement for the 11th edition, with the slogan When in doubt - look it up in the Encyclopædia Britannica The Encyclopædia Britannica (properly spelt with æ, the ae-ligature) is the oldest English-language general encyclopedia, first published in 1768-1771 as From the late 18th century to the... In the broadest sense, a fraud is a deception made for personal gain, although it has a more specific legal meaning, the exact details varying between jurisdictions. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the...

Most historians in the United States of America and Europe have long agreed that the document is fraudulent; this has also been stated in a number of court cases worldwide, e.g., as early as the 1930s in Bern, Switzerland. In 1993, a district court in Moscow, Russia, formally ruled that the Protocols were faked in dismissing a libel suit by the ultra-nationalist Pamyat organization, which had been criticized for using them in their anti-Semitic publications.^[1] World map showing Europe (geographically) When considered a continent, Europe is the worlds second-smallest continent in terms of area, with an area of 10,600,000 km² (4,140,625 square miles), making it larger than Australia only. ... // Events and trends The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the global depression. ... Location within Switzerland The city of Bern, English traditionally Berne (Bernese German Bärn , German Bern , French Berne , Italian Berna , Romansh Berna ), is the Bundesstadt (administrative capital) of Switzerland, and is the fourth most populous Swiss city (after Zürich, Geneva and Basel). ... i dont like this page. ... Moscow (Russian: Москва́, Moskva, IPA: listen â–¶(?)) is the capital of Russia, located on the river Moskva. ... In English and American law, and systems based on them, libel and slander are two forms of defamation (or defamation of character), which is the tort or delict of making a false statement of fact that injures someones reputation. ... Ultra-nationalists are extreme nationalists or patriots. ... The symbol of NPF Pamyat with the Russian swastika Pamyat (Russian language: Память, English translation: Memory) is a Russian ultra-nationalist organization identifying itself as the Peoples National-patriotic Orthodox Christian movement. History In the end of 1970s, a historical association Vityaz (Витязь), sponsored by the Soviet Society for...

The Protocols is accepted as factual in some parts of the world in which people hold negative opinions of Jews or Israel, as well as in countries such as Japan, where some believe it can be read as a textbook description of means to obtain power. In the current conflicts in the Middle East, the Protocols is sometimes used as evidence of Jewish conspiracy. ^[2] A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... Conspiracy, As a legal term, a conspiracy is an agreement of two or more people to commit a crime, or to accomplish a legal end through illegal actions. ...

It was first published abridged in series from August 28 to September 7 (O.S.), 1903 in St. Petersburg daily newspaper Знамя (Znamya, The Banner) by Pavel Krushevan who four months earlier initiated the Kishinev pogrom.^[3] There is evidence that the text was written by an operative of the Imperial Russian Okhranka Matvei Golovinski and was based on an early work by Maurice Joly linking Napoleon III to Machiavelli. For Tsar Nicholas II, who was fearful of modernization and protective of his monarchy, it would have been convenient to present the growing revolutionary movement as part of a powerful world conspiracy and blame the Jews for Russia's problems. August 28 is the 240th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (241st in leap years), with 125 days remaining. ... September 7 is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years). ... In Britain and countries of the British Empire, Old Style or O.S. after a date means that the date is in the Julian calendar, in use in those countries until 1752; New Style or N.S. means that the date is in the Gregorian calendar, adopted on 14 September... 1903 has the latest occurring solstices and equinoxes for 400 years, because the Gregorian calendar hasnt had a leap year for seven years or a century leap year since 1600. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... Pavel Aleksandrovich Krushevan (Russian language: Павел Александрович Крушеван; 1860 - 1909) was a journalist, editor and publisher in the Imperial Russia. ... The Kishinev pogrom was a pogrom (anti-Jewish riot) that took place in Kishinev, then part of the Bessarabia province of Imperial Russia (currently ChiÅŸinău is the capital of independent Moldova) on April 6-7, 1903. ... Big Coat of Arms of the Russian Empire, adopted in 1882 Flag of Russian Empire Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic to the Pacific Ocean... The Okhrannoye otdeleniye (Russian: , meaning Security Section or Security Station), also the Okhrana or Tsarist Okhranka in Western sources, or diminutive Okhranka by those dissatisfied with the tsarist regime, was a secret police force of the Russian Empire and part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) in late 1800s... Matvei Golovinski (alternatively Mathieu, Russian language: Матвей Головинский; 1865, Simbirsk-1920) was an operative of Imperial Russian secret service and a writer. ... Maurice Joly (1829-1878) was a French satirist and lawyer. ... Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte (20 April 1808, Paris, France - 9 January 1873, Chislehurst, Kent, England) was a President of France, and later, Emperor of the French. ... Detail of the portrait of Machiavelli, ca 1500, in the robes of a Florentine public official Niccolò Machiavelli (May 3, 1469—June 21, 1527) was an Italian political philosopher during the Renaissance. ... Tsar (Bulgarian цар, Russian царь, listen â–¶(?); often spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English), was the title used for the autocratic rulers of the Bulgarian Empire in 913-1396/1422 and 1908-1946, in Serbia in the middle of the 14th century, and in Russia from 1547 to... Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia Nicholas II of Russia ( 18 May 1868 – 17 July 1918) was the last crowned Emperor of Russia. ... The Russian Revolution of 1905 was an empire-wide spasm of both anti-government and undirected violence. ...

The Protocols are widely considered the beginning of contemporary conspiracy theory literature, such as None Dare Call It Conspiracy and Conspirators Hierarchy: The Committee of 300. The book is popular among those interested in conspiracy theories, although most of them consider it to be false. It has often been declared a major influence to every other book concerning conspiracy theories. Other editions study its great influence in Anti-Semitism during the previous century. This proposed logo for a U.S. government agency was dropped due to fears that its Masonic symbolism would provoke conspiracy theories. ... A conspiracy theory is a theory that defies common historical or current understanding of events, under the claim that those events are the result of manipulations by two or more individuals or various secretive powers or conspiracies. ...

Some recent editions proclaim that the "Jews" as depicted in the Protocols are used as a cover identity for other conspirators such as the Illuminati, Freemasons, or even aliens ^[4]. Other minor groups that believe in its authenticity have claimed that the book does not depict the way that all Jews think and act but only of those belonging to an alleged secret elite of Zionists. The Illuminati is the name of many groups, modern and historical, real and fictitious, verified and alleged. ... American Square & Compasses Freemasonry is a worldwide fraternal organization. ... For other meanings, please see Zionism (disambiguation) Poster promoting a film about Jewish settlement in Palestine, 1930s:Toward a New Life (in Romanian),The Promised Land (in Hungarian) 1844 Discourse on the Restoration of the Jews by Mordecai Noah, page one. ...

This 2005 Syrian edition authorized by the Syrian Ministry of Information was featured at the Cairo International Book Fair

The Times exposed the Protocols as a forgery on August 16-18, 1921

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (463x668, 27 KB)Protocols of the Elders of Zion 2005 Syria This image is a book cover. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (463x668, 27 KB)Protocols of the Elders of Zion 2005 Syria This image is a book cover. ... 2005 (MMV) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (315x988, 100 KB) Summary The first page of The Times, 16 August 1921 Source: [1], PDF (1 MB), See also: High quality PDF] of the series of Philip Graves articles in The Times published on 16, 17 & 18 August 1921 (20... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (315x988, 100 KB) Summary The first page of The Times, 16 August 1921 Source: [1], PDF (1 MB), See also: High quality PDF] of the series of Philip Graves articles in The Times published on 16, 17 & 18 August 1921 (20... The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom. ... 1921 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

Subject matter

The Protocols take the form of an essay written as if it were an instruction manual to a new member of the Elders, which describes how they will run the world. The Elders seem to want to trick all "gentile nations", whom they call "goyim", into doing their will. This they will achieve by encouraging radically liberal ideas: such as the undermining of traditional morality, questioning authority, and sowing doubt about Christian and patriotic values. By controlling the media and finance the conspirators will replace the traditional sources of social order with one based on mass manipulation. In these respects the Protocols draw on long-standing conservative and Christian criticisms of modernity, radicalism and capitalism, but present these developments as part of an orchestrated plot, rather than as a product of impersonal historical processes. The word Gentile (from the Latin gentilis, a translation of the Hebrew Nochri/נכרי) has several meanings. ... Goy is a Hebrew word meaning nation or people. The first use of Goy (plural, Goyim) in the Hebrew Bible is in Genesis 10:1, in reference to non-Israelite nations. ... This article discusses liberalism as a major political ideology, not the usage of the term in specific countries. ... Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus as presented in the New Testament writings of his early followers. ... Defense of the homeland is a commonplace of military patriotism: commemorating the students at the École Polytechnique, Paris, 1814 Patriotism denotes positive attitudes by a person to their own nation, to its national homeland, its culture, its members, and to its interests. ... Modernity is a term used to describe the condition of being Modern. Since the term Modern is used to describe a wide range of periods, modernity must be taken in context. ... In political science, the label radical denotes one who desires extreme change of all or part of the social order. (Britannica Deluxe CD2000). ... In common usage capitalism refers to an economic system in which all or most of the means of production are privately owned and operated and where the investment of capital, and the production, distribution and prices of commodities (goods and services) are determined mainly in a free market, rather than...

The document is written from the point of view that the reader will already understand that the Freemasons are a secret society with a hidden political agenda, but the Protocols purport to show that even that agenda is really being controlled by the Elders, a sort of conspiracy theory within a conspiracy theory. The idea that the Freemasons formed part of an anti-Christian conspiracy had a long history prior to this date. Furthermore, the Abbé Barruél had already accused the Jews of founding the Bavarian Illuminati. At the time, Freemasonry was popular as were many fraternal organizations. Their biggest opponent, the Catholic Church, opposed them for their open support for freedom of religion and "enlightenment ideals". In the Protocols, Freemasons and "liberal thinkers" are shown to be tools for the Jews to eventually create a Jewish theocracy. Abbé Augustin Barruél (October 2, 1741 - October 5, 1820) was a Jesuit priest mostly known for originally inventing the conspiracy theory involving the Knights Templar, the Bavarian Illuminati and the Jacobins in his book Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism (original title Mémoires pour servir à lHistoire du... The Illuminati is the name of many groups, modern and historical, real and fictitious, verified and alleged. ... The Age of Enlightenmen refers to the 18th century in European philosophy, and is often thought of as part of a larger period which includes the Age of Reason. ... The term theocracy is used to describe a form of government in which a religion or faith plays a dominant role. ...

Another unusual point is that the Protocols seem to describe a forthcoming "kingdom", and goes into great lengths as to how things will be run in this kingdom. However, even during this kingdom the Elders will still not have direct control over the laws, and instead will continue to assert control via usury and manipulation of money. Even the "King of the Jews" himself, will be nothing more than a figurehead. Usury (from the Latin usus, used) was defined originally as charging a fee for the use of money. ...

History

The plagiarized document

The origin of most of what make up the Protocols lies in an 1864 pamphlet titled Dialogue aux enfers entre Machiavel et Montesquieu or Dialogues in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu by the French satirist Maurice Joly, which attacks the political ambitions of Napoleon III by using the device of diabolical plotters in Hell. In turn, Joly appears to have plagiarized a good amount of the material from a popular novel by Eugene Sue, The Mysteries of the People. In Sue's work, the plotters were Jesuits, and the Jews do not appear in the pamphlet. There seems to be some confusion here, because the Jesuit plotters were in Sue's book The Wandering Jew, which was not in fact about Jews. 1864 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Detail of the portrait of Machiavelli, ca 1500, in the robes of a Florentine public official Niccolò Machiavelli (May 3, 1469—June 21, 1527) was an Italian political philosopher during the Renaissance. ... Portrait of Montesquieu in 1728 Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu (January 18, 1689 – February 10, 1755), more commonly known as Montesquieu, was a French political thinker who lived during the Enlightenment and is famous for his articulation of the theory of separation of... Maurice Joly (1829-1878) was a French satirist and lawyer. ... Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte (April 20, 1808 - January 9, 1873) was the son of King Louis Bonaparte and Queen Hortense de Beauharnais; both monarchs of the French puppet state, the Kingdom of Holland. ... Medieval illustration of the Mouth of Hell Hell is, according to many religious beliefs, a place or a state of painful suffering. ... -1... The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu), commonly known as the Jesuits, is a Roman Catholic religious order. ...

It being illegal to criticize the monarchy, Joly had the pamphlet printed in Belgium, and then attempted to have it smuggled over the French border. It was seized by the police, who confiscated as many copies as they could, then banned the book. The police traced the book to Joly, who was then tried on April 25, 1865, and sentenced to fifteen months in prison. April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (116th in leap years). ... 1865 is a common year starting on Sunday. ...

The forger

Hermann Goedsche, a German anti-Semite and a spy for the Prussian secret police who had been removed from his job as a postal clerk after forging evidence for the prosecution of political reformer Benedict Waldeck in 1849, included Joly's Dialogues in his 1868 book Biarritz, written under the name Sir John Retcliffe. In the chapter "The Jewish Cemetery in Prague and the Council of Representatives of the Twelve Tribes of Israel", he invented a secret rabbinical cabal which meets in the cemetery at midnight every hundred years to plan the agenda for the Jewish Conspiracy. To portray the meeting, he borrowed heavily from the scene in the novel Joseph Balsamo by Alexandre Dumas where Cagliostro and company plot the affair of the diamond necklace, and likewise borrowed Joly's Dialogues as the outcome of the meeting. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia (German: Preußen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: Prūsai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad exclave of Russia and... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1868 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Alexandre Dumas redirects here. ... Count Alessandro di Cagliostro, born Giuseppe Balsamo became a roving adventurer, freemason and alchemist in the late 18th century. ... The Affair of the diamond necklace was a mysterious incident in the 1780s at the court of Louis XVI of France involving the queen Marie Antoinette. ...

Goedsche's book was translated into Russian language in 1872, and in 1891 an extract of the chapter containing the meeting of the fictional centennial rabbinical "council of representatives", including the plagiarized Joly's Dialogues was circulating in Russia; whether they originated it or not, the Russian secret police found the work useful in their fight to discredit liberal reformers and revolutionaries who were rapidly gaining support among the populace. During the Dreyfus affair in France in 1893–1895, when polarization of European attitudes towards the Jews was at a maximum, the Dialogues were edited into their final form, which appeared in Russia in 1895 and began to be privately published starting in 1897 as the Protocols. Russian (Russian: русский язык, russkij jazyk, listen â–¶(?)) is the most widely spoken language of Europe and the most widespread of the Slavic languages. ... 1872 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1891 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Rabbi (Classical Hebrew רִבִּי ribbÄ«;; modern Ashkenazi and Israeli רַבִּי rabbÄ«) in Judaism, means teacher, or more literally great one. The word Rabbi is derived from the Hebrew root-word RaV, which in biblical Hebrew means great or distinguished,. In the ancient Judean schools the sages were addressed as רִבִּי (Ribbi or Rebbi... Alfred Dreyfus in an army uniform, wearing a mustache. ... 1893 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1895 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1895 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1897 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Russian reactionaries use the forgery

It enjoyed another wave of popularity in Russia after 1905, when the progressive political elements in Russia succeeded in creating a constitution and a parliament, the Duma. The reactionary "Union of the Russian People", known as the Black Hundreds, together with the Okhranka, the Tsarist secret police, blamed this liberalization on the "International Jewish conspiracy," and began a program of widely disseminating the "Protocols" as a propaganda support for the wave of pogroms that swept Russia in 1903–1906 and a tool to deflect attention from social activism. 1905 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... An aerial view of Parliament of India at New Delhi. ... A Duma (Ду́ма in Russian) is any of various representative assemblies in modern Russia and Russian history. ... The Union of the Russian People (Союз Русского Народа) was a black-hundredist counterrevolutionary organization in Russia, formed in October of 1905 in St. ... The Union of the Russian People (Союз Русского Народа) was a black-hundredist Russia, formed in October of 1905 in St. ... North Korean propaganda showing a soldier destroying the United States Capitol building. ... The Russian word pogrom (погром) refers to a massive violent attack on people with simultaneous destruction of their environment (homes, businesses, religious centers). ... 1903 has the latest occurring solstices and equinoxes for 400 years, because the Gregorian calendar hasnt had a leap year for seven years or a century leap year since 1600. ... 1906 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1905, a self-proclaimed mystic priest Sergei Nilus gained fame by publishing the full text of the Protocols in the appendix of the third edition of his book The Great in the Small: The Coming of the Anti-Christ and the Rule of Satan on Earth promulgating it as the work of the First Zionist Congress in Basel, Switzerland in 1897. After it had been pointed out that the First Zionist Congress had been open to the public and attended by many non-Jews, he claimed the Protocols were the work of the meetings of the "Elders of Zion" in 1902–1903, despite the conflict with his claim of having received a copy previous to that date: Mysticism (ancient Greek mysticon = secret) is meditation, prayer, or theology focused on the direct experience of union with divinity, God, or Ultimate Reality, or the belief that such experience is a genuine and important source of knowledge. ... Roman Catholic priest LCDR Allen R. Kuss (USN) aboard USS Enterprise A priest or priestess is a holy man or woman who takes an officiating role in worship of any religion, with the distinguishing characteristic of offering sacrifices. ... Sergei Aleksandrovich Nilus (1862-1929) was a Russian religious writer, and agent of the Russian secret police. ... The World Zionist Organization [WZO] was founded as the Zionist Organization [ZO] on September 3, 1897, at the First Zionist Congress held in Basel, Switzerland. ... Basel (English traditionally: Basle [ba:l], German: Basel [ba:z@l], French Bâle [ba:l], Italian Basilea [bazilE:a]) is Switzerlands third most populous city (188,000 inhabitants in the canton of Basel-City as of 2004; the 690,000 inhabitants in the conurbation stretching across the immediate... 1897 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1902 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1903 has the latest occurring solstices and equinoxes for 400 years, because the Gregorian calendar hasnt had a leap year for seven years or a century leap year since 1600. ...

In 1901, I succeeded through an acquaintance of mine (the late Court Marshal Alexei Nikolayevich Sukotin of Chernigov) in getting a manuscript that exposed with unusual perfection and clarity the course and development of the secret Jewish Freemasonic conspiracy, which would bring this wicked world to its inevitable end. The person who gave me this manuscript guaranteed it to be a faithful translation of the original documents that were stolen by a woman from one of the highest and most influential leaders of the Freemasons at a secret meeting somewhere in France—the beloved nest of Freemasonic conspiracy.^[5]

Nilus was aiming for the position of the royal couple's confessor and managed to bring his book to the Tsar's attention, with the help of the Grand Duchess Elizaveta Fyodorovna. This was part of a faction fight against Papus and Nizier Anthelme Philippe at the Tsarist court. (Indeed Papus was accused in 1920 of having forged the Protocols to discredit Philippe.) Nicholas II's notes handwritten in the margins are the evidence of his first reaction: "What precise execution of their programme!", "Our 1905 was clearly orchestrated by the Zion Elders!", "The Jews' guiding and destroying hand is visible everywhere". 1901 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Chernihiv (Чернігів in Ukrainian) is an ancient city in northern Ukraine, the central city of Chernihivska oblast. Some common historical spellings of the name are Polish: Czernichów, and Russian: Чернигов, Chernigov. ... Gerard Encausse (July 13, 1865 - 1916), whose esoteric pseudonym was Papus, was the Spanish-born French physician, hypnotist, and popularizer of occultism, who founded the modern Martinist Order. ... Nizier Anthelme Philippe April 25, 1849 - 1905 was born in Rubathier, Loisieux,Savoy, France, the son of peasants. ... 1920 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events WIKIPEDIA EATS VAGINA January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ...

Stolypin's investigation (1905)

A subsequent secret investigation ordered by the newly appointed chairman of the Council of Ministers Pyotr Stolypin soon determined that the Protocols were authored by operatives of the Okhranka in Paris. The details were not made public to avoid compromising the chief of the secret service Pyotr Rachkovsky and his agents, including Matvei Golovinsky. When Nicholas II learned of the results of this investigation, he requested: "The Protocols should be confiscated, a good cause cannot be defended by dirty means". Despite the order, or because of the "good cause", numerous reprints proliferated. Pyotr Stolypin Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin (Russian: Пётр Арка́дьевич Столы́пин) (April 14 (April 2 Old Style) 1862 - September 18 (September 5 Old Style) 1911) served as Nicholas IIs Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) from 1906 to 1911. ... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... Pyotr Ivanovich Rachkovsky (Russian: ; 1853-1910) was the chief of Imperial Russias secret service (known as the Okhranka). ...

Western distribution by Anti-Bolsheviks

1927 ed. by Russian emigrants. Paris	1925 Polish edition
1930 Spanish ed.	1930s German ed.
French ed.	1934 French ed.
South African pro-Nazi newspaper The Truth. May 4, 1934
1938 Austrian ed.	1943 Polish ed.

After the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, various warring fractions used the Protocols to perpetrate hatred and violence against the Jews. The idea that the Bolshevik movement was a Jewish conspiracy for world domination sparked worldwide interest in the Protocols. In a single year (1920), five editions were sold out in England. The same year in the United States, Henry Ford sponsored the printing of 500,000 copies and until 1927 published a series of anti-Semitic articles in The Dearborn Independent, a newspaper that he controlled. This image is a book cover. ... This image is a book cover. ... Image File history File links This image is a book cover. ... Image File history File links This image is a book cover. ... This image is a book cover. ... This image is a book cover. ... Image File history File links This image is a book cover. ... Image File history File links This image is a book cover. ... This image is a book cover. ... This image is a book cover. ... This image is a book cover. ... This image is a book cover. ... Image File history File links The Protocols of the Elders of Zion disseminated by the Nazis The Truth newspaper, 1934 May 04 This work is copyrighted. ... Image File history File links The Protocols of the Elders of Zion disseminated by the Nazis The Truth newspaper, 1934 May 04 This work is copyrighted. ... Image File history File links This image is a book cover. ... Image File history File links This image is a book cover. ... This image is a book cover. ... This image is a book cover. ... The October Revolution, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was the second phase of the Russian Revolution, the first having been instigated by the events around the February Revolution. ... 1917 was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ... Global domination, global conquest or world domination is an ambitious goal in which one government, one ideology or belief system, or even one person, seeks to secure complete political control of the entire planet Earth. ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population - Total (mid-2004) - Density Ranked 1st UK 50. ... Time Magazine, January 14, 1935 Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was the founder of the Ford Motor Company. ... 1927 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Dearborn Independent was a newspaper published by Henry Ford from 1919 through 1927. ...

The Times of London exposes a forgery (1921)

In 1920, the history of the Protocols was traced back to the works of Goedsche and Joly by Lucien Wolf and published in London in August 1921. The history of the Protocols was similarly exposed in the series of articles in The Times by its Constantinople reporter Philip Graves, who took his information from Wolf's work; and the same year, an entire book documenting the hoax was published in the United States by Herman Bernstein. Despite this widespread and extensive debunking, the Protocols continued to be regarded as important factual evidence by anti-Semites. 1920 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events WIKIPEDIA EATS VAGINA January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ... London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. ... 1921 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom. ... Map of Constantinople. ... A hoax is an attempt to trick an audience into believing that something false is real. ...

Literary analysis

Some scholars compare the Protocols to The permanent instruction of the Alta Vendita, supposedly found by Italian Secret police and endorsed by several Popes. The nature of the plans in both is very similar, as the Protocols go into much detail as to how to replace the Pope as the head of the Catholic Church. Originally published in Italian in the 19th century, the Alta Vendita (or, in full: The permanent instruction of the Alta Vendita) is a document purportedly produced by Freemasons, and details a Masonic plan to infiltrate the Roman Catholic church and spread liberal ideas within it. ... The pope is the Catholic Bishop and patriarch of Rome, and head of the Catholic Church. ... The pope is the Catholic Bishop and patriarch of Rome, and head of the Catholic Church. ... The Roman Catholic Church believes its founding was based on Jesus appointment of Saint Peter as the primary church leader, later Bishop of Rome. ...

Besides the Tsarist forgery, another popular theory among scholars was that the Protocols were written by an offshoot Masonic or other fraternal lodge (of which many invoked the name Zion in their name at the time), as a sort of fantasy as to how they would like to control things. Tsar (Bulgarian цар, Russian царь, listen ▶(?); often spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English), was the title used for the autocratic rulers of the Bulgarian Empire in 913-1396/1422 and 1908-1946, in Serbia in the middle of the 14th century, and in Russia from 1547 to... the Square and Compasses Freemasonry is a worldwide fraternal organisation. ... A fraternal organization is an organization that represents the relationship between its members as akin to brotherhood. ... The Dormition Church, situated on Mount Zion Zion or Tzion (צִיּוֹן Height, Standard Hebrew Tziyyon, Tiberian Hebrew Tsiyyôn; Arabic صهيون Ṣuhyūn) originally was the specific name given to a Jebusite fortress near modern-day Jerusalem that was conquered by David. ...

Textual evidence seems to disqualify that the document was written by someone Jewish. One example is the semi-messianic idea that constantly appears in the text, of establishing a "King of the Jews". This was never a Jewish term, and was only referenced on the cross of Jesus. The word Jew (Hebrew: יהודי transliterated: Yehudi) is used in many ways, but generally refers to a follower of Judaism, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity; and often a combination of these attributes. ... The word Jew (Hebrew: יהודי transliterated: Yehudi) is used in many ways, but generally refers to a follower of Judaism, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity; and often a combination of these attributes. ... Jesus, also known as Jesus of Nazareth or Jesus Christ, is the central figure of Christianity, most of the followers of which worship Jesus as the Messiah, son of God, and God incarnate. ...

Western history after 1920

The author of the most widespread English language translation of the Protocols was the correspondent of The Morning Post Victor E. Marsden who was imprisoned by the Bolsheviks in the Peter and Paul Fortress. One of the first things he undertook upon his release and return to England was the translation of Nilus' version. Marsden wrote an introduction, concluding with a comment on the remark given by Chaim Weizmann at a banquet on October 6, 1920, "A beneficent protection which God has instituted in the life of the Jew is that He has dispersed him all over the world": The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... The Morning Post was a conservative daily newspaper published in London from 1772 to 1937, when it was acquired by The Daily Telegraph. ... Victor E. Marsden is the author of the most widespread English language translation of infamous fraud The Protocols of the Elders of Zion and provided its introduction. ... The Peter and Paul Fortress (Петропавловская крепость) is in St. ... Chaim Weizmann and Harry S. Truman, May 25, 1948 Chaim Azriel Weizmann (חיים ויצמן) (also: Chaijim W., Haim W.) (November 27, 1874 – November 9, 1952) chemist, statesman, President of the World Zionist Organization, first President of Israel (elected May 16, 1948, served 1949 - 1952) and founder of a research institute in Israel...

"It proves that the Learned Elders exist. It proves that Dr. Weizmann knows all about them. It proves that the desire for a "National Home" in Palestine is only camouflage and an infinitesimal part of the Jew's real object. It proves that the Jews of the world have no intention of settling in Palestine or any separate country, and that their annual prayer that they may all meet "Next Year in Jerusalem" is merely a piece of their characteristic make-believe. It also demonstrates that the Jews are now a world menace, and that the Aryan races will have to domicile them permanently out of Europe."^[6]

In 1920, Henry Ford published the Protocols in his newspaper The Dearborn Independent and the next year, he cited it as evidence of a Jewish threat: "The only statement I care to make about the Protocols is that they fit in with what is going on. They are sixteen years old, and they have fitted the world situation up to this time." Time Magazine, January 14, 1935 Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was the founder of the Ford Motor Company. ... The Dearborn Independent was a newspaper published by Henry Ford from 1919 through 1927. ...

The Protocols eventually became a part of the propaganda arsenal of the Nazis in their justification for the persecution of the Jews. The book was prescribed for compulsory study in schools. The Nazi party used a right-facing swastika as their symbol and the red and black colors were said to represent Blut und Boden (blood and soil). ...

In her book The Holocaust: The Destruction of European Jewry 1933-1945, Nora Levin states that "Hitler used the Protocols as a manual in his war to exterminate the Jews": Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (April 20, 1889 – April 30, 1945, standard German pronunciation in the IPA) was the Führer (leader) of the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party) and of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. ...

"Despite conclusive proof that the Protocols were a gross forgery, they had sensational popularity and large sales in the 1920's and 1930's. They were translated into every language of Europe and sold widely in Arab lands, the United States, and England. But it was in Germany after World War I that they had their greatest success. There they were used to explain all of the disasters that had befallen the country: the defeat in the war, the hunger, the destructive inflation."

Hitler refers to the Protocols in his Mein Kampf, chapter XI: Nation and Race, Vol I, pp. 307-308. Cover of Mein Kampf Mein Kampf (German for My Struggle) is a book written by Adolf Hitler, combining elements of autobiography with an exposition of Hitlers political ideology of Nazism. ...

"... To what extent the whole existence of this people is based on a continuous lie is shown incomparably by the Protocols of the Wise Men of Zion, so infinitely hated by the Jews. They are based on a forgery, the Frankfurter Zeitung moans and screams once every week: the best proof that they are authentic. [...] the important thing is that with positively terrifying certainty they reveal the nature and activity of the Jewish people and expose their inner contexts as well as their ultimate final aims. "

The Berne Trial (1934-1935)

In 1934, the Swiss Nazi Dr. A. Zander published a series of articles accepting the Protocols as fact. He was brought to court, in what has come to be known as the Berne Trial, by Dr. J. Dreyfus-Brodsky, Dr. Marcus Cohen and Dr. Marcus Ehrenpreis. The trial began in the Cantonal Court of Berne on 29 October 1934. On May 19, 1935 the court, after full investigation, declared the Protocols to be forgeries, plagiarisms, and obscene literature. 1934 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Location within Switzerland The city of Bern, English traditionally Berne (Bernese German Bärn , German Bern , French Berne , Italian Berna , Romansh Berna ), is the Bundesstadt (administrative capital) of Switzerland, and is the fourth most populous Swiss city (after Zürich, Geneva and Basel). ... October 29 is the 302nd day of the year (303rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 63 days remaining. ... May 19 is the 139th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (140th in leap years). ... 1935(MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

In a similar case in Grahamstown, South Africa, in August 1934, the court imposed fines totalling £1,775 ($4,500) on three men for disseminating a version of the Protocols. As a unit of currency, the term pound originates from the value of a Troy pound weight (Latin libra), of high purity silver, and is the currency unit of a number of countries: Cyprus pound in Cyprus Egyptian pound in Egypt Lebanese pound in Lebanon Syrian pound in Syria British...

In 1937 Italy, the Protocols were published by Julius Evola, who also wrote the introduction. In the United States, the Protocols were republished as fact in William Milton Cooper's Behold a Pale Horse. 1937 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Image:Evola. ... William Milton Cooper (1943? - 5 november 2001) was an American writer, shortwave broadcaster, militia supporter and researcher of conspiracy theories. ... Behold A Pale Horse is a book by William Milton Cooper. ...

A Russian emigre, anti-Bolshevik and anti-Fascist Vladimir Burtsev who exposed numerous Okhranka agents provocateurs in the early 1900s, served as a witness at the Berne Trial. In 1938 in Paris he published a book The Protocols of the Elders of Zion: A Proven Forgery based on his testimony. Anti-Fascism is a belief and practice of opposing all forms of Fascism. ... Vladimir Burtsev (Vladimir Lvovich Burcev) (1862 – 1942), was a revolutionary scholar and editor of the periodical Byloe (The past), which focused on the history of the Russian revolutionary movement. ... Agent Provocateur is a concept album, their sixth by American/British rock band Foreigner, released in 1984 (see 1984 in music). ... ImageMetadata File history File links 1938_V_Burtsev_PEZ_Proven_Forgery. ...

Contemporary use

Among Muslim nations and groups after 1948

1997 Syrian ed.

2004 Syrian ed.

See also Arabs and anti-Semitism

Many Arab governments fund the publication of new printings of the Protocols, and teach them in their schools as historical fact. The Protocols have been accepted as fact by many Islamic extremist organizations, such as Hamas, Islamic Jihad, and Al Qaeda. Image File history File links Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion_1997_Syria, Damascus edited by_Ajaj_Nuwayhid_ published_by_Mustafa_Tlasss_PubHse This image is a book cover. ... Image File history File links Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion_1997_Syria, Damascus edited by_Ajaj_Nuwayhid_ published_by_Mustafa_Tlasss_PubHse This image is a book cover. ... Image File history File links Protocols of the Elders of Zion 2004 Syria This image is a book cover. ... Image File history File links Protocols of the Elders of Zion 2004 Syria This image is a book cover. ... Arab anti-Semitism is anti-Semitism (bias towards or discrimination against Jews) in the Arab world. ... The Arabs (Arabic: عرب ʻarab) are an originally Arabian ethnicity widespread in the Middle East and North Africa. ... The Hamas emblem shows two crossed swords, the Dome of the Rock, and a map of the land they claim as Palestine (roughly, present-day Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip). ... Islamic Jihad (Arabic: Harakat al-Jihad al-Islami) is a militant Islamist group based in the Syrian capital, Damascus. ... Osama bin Laden Ayman al-Zawahiri Al-Qaeda (Arabic: , al-Qā‘idah; the foundation or the base) is the name given to an international Islamic fundamentalist campaign comprised of independent and collaborative cells that all profess the same cause of reducing outside influence upon Islamic affairs. ...

In the past, the Protocols were publicly recommended by Presidents Gamal Abdel Nasser and Anwar Sadat of Egypt, one of the President Arifs of Iraq, King Faisal of Saudi Arabia, and Colonel Moammar Qaddafi of Libya, among other political and intellectual leaders of the Arab world, and in March 1970, the Protocols were reported to be the top 'nonfiction' bestseller in Lebanon. Nasser on Time magazine, 1958 Gamal Abdel Nasser (Arabic: جمال عبد الناصر) ‎ (January 15, 1918 – September 28, 1970) was the second President of Egypt after Muhammad Naguib and is considered one of the most important Arab leaders in history. ... Anwar Sadat. ... Faisal bin Abdelaziz Al Saud (1906—March 25, 1975) (Arabic: فيصل بن عبدالعزيز آل سعود) was King of Saudi Arabia from 1964 to 1975. ... Colonel Muammar al-Qaddafi Muammar Abu Minyar al-Qaddafi 1 (Arabic: معمر القذافي Mu`ammar al-Qadhdhāfī) (born 1942), leader of Libya since 1970 and a controversial Arab statesman. ...

Egypt

1972, Egypt, Cairo	1994, Egypt
Tenth edition. 2003, Egypt	2003 Egyptian ed. by Ahmad Hijazi al-Saqa, Professor of Comparative Religion, Al-Azhar University

The Egyptian state-owned publisher al-Ahram editorialized in 1995 in a foreword to a translation of Shimon Peres' book The New Middle East: This image is a book cover. ... This image is a book cover. ... This image is a book cover. ... This image is a book cover. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (456x662, 22 KB)Protocols of the Elders of Zion Jewish Menace 2003 10th edition Source: Appendix B File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (456x662, 22 KB)Protocols of the Elders of Zion Jewish Menace 2003 10th edition Source: Appendix B File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Protocols of the Elders of Zion and their Biblical and Talmudic Origins 2003 by Ahmad Hijazi al-Saqa prof of Comparative Religion Al-Azhar U, Cairo, Egypt This image is a book cover. ... Image File history File links Protocols of the Elders of Zion and their Biblical and Talmudic Origins 2003 by Ahmad Hijazi al-Saqa prof of Comparative Religion Al-Azhar U, Cairo, Egypt This image is a book cover. ... Al-Azhar University in Cairo Egypt Al-Azhar University, or Al-Azhar Al-Shareef (الأزهر الشريف; literally, The Noble Al-Azhar), is connected to the mosque in Cairo named to honor Fatima Az-Zahraa, the daughter of Muhammad, from whom the Fatimid Dynasty claimed descent. ... Al-Ahram, founded in 1875, is the oldest daily newspaper in the Arab world. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Shimon Peres Shimon Peres ▶(?) (Hebrew שִׁמְעוֹן פֶּרֶס (without Niqqud: שמעון פרס) (born August 16, 1923), an Israeli Labour politician and served as 8th Prime Minister of Israel from 1984-1986 and 1995-1996 and Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel from 2001-2002, and became Vice Premier in a coalition under Ariel Sharon at the...

"When The Protocols of the Elders of Zion were discovered, some 200 years ago, and translated in various languages, including Arabic, the World Zionist Organization attempted to deny the existence of the plot, and claimed forgery. The Zionists even endeavored to purchase all the existing copies, in order to prevent their circulation. But today, Shimon Peres proves unequivocally that the Protocols are authentic, and that they tell the truth."

An article in the Egyptian state-owned newspaper al-Akhbar on February 3, 2002 stated: February 3 is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2002(MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

"All the evils that currently affect the world are the doings of Zionism. This is not surprising, because the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, which were established by their wise men more than a century ago, are proceeding according to a meticulous and precise plan and time schedule, and they are proof that even though they are a minority, their goal is to rule the world and the entire human race."

In November 2002, Egypt, despite being bound by a 1979 treaty preventing "incitement" against Israel, allowed their state-owned television network to produce A Horseman Without a Horse (Fares Bela Gewad), a 41 part "historical drama" largely based on the Protocols, which ran on Egyptian television as well as numerous Arabic satellite television channels for a month. For other uses, see November (disambiguation). ... 2002(MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This page refers to the year 1979. ... A treaty is a binding agreement under international law concluded by subjects of international law, namely states and international organizations. ... A television network is a distribution network for television content whereby a central operation provides programming for many television stations. ... Satellite television is television delivered by way of communications satellites, as compared to conventional terrestrial television and cable television. ...

Iran

Translations of the Protocols are extremely popular in Iran. The first edition was issued during the summer of 1978 at the time of the Islamic revolution. In 1985 a new edition of the Protocols was printed and widely distributed by the Islamic Propagation Organization, International Relations Department in Tehran. The Astaneh-ye Qods Razavi (Shrine of Imam Reza) Foundation in Mashhad, Iran, one of the wealthiest institutions in Iran, financed publication of the Protocols in 1994. Parts of the Protocols were published by the daily Jomhouri-ye Eslami in 1994, under the heading The Smell of Blood, Zionist Schemes. Sobh, a radical Islamic monthly, published excerpts from the Protocols under the heading The text of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion for establishing the Jewish global rule in the December 1998–January 1999 issue, illustrated with a caricature of the Jewish snake swallowing the globe. Protestors take to the street in support of Ayatollah Khomeini. ... Tehran is a metropolis of 14 million situated at the foot of the towering Alborz range. ... Imam Reza Shrine Tomb of Nader Shah Afshar, a popular tourist attraction in Mashad. ... The phrase Islamic fundamentalism is primarily used in the West to describe Islamist groups. ... The word Jew (Hebrew: יהודי transliterated: Yehudi) is used in many ways, but generally refers to a follower of Judaism, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity; and often a combination of these attributes. ...

Iranian writer and researcher Ali Baqeri, who 'researched' the Protocols, finds their plan for world domination to be merely part of an even more grandiose scheme, saying in Sobh in 1999: Global domination, global conquest or world domination is an ambitious goal in which one government, one ideology or belief system, or even one person, seeks to secure complete political control of the entire planet Earth. ...

"The ultimate goal