Note: in 1995 the Governments of Kazakhstan and Russia entered into an agreement whereby Russia would lease for a period of 20 years an area of 6,000 sq km enclosing the Bayqongyr (Baykonur) space launch facilities and the city of Bayqongyr (formerly Leninsk). Astana, estimated population 500,000 (2003, the city is very fast-growing), has been the capital of Kazakhstan since 1997. ... Atyrau is a city in Kazakhstan. ... Oral (Russian: УральÑк, Uralsk, also spelled Uralsk) is a city in western Kazakhstan, along the Ural (Zhayyq) River. ... Aktau is a city in Kazakhstan and a seaport to the Caspian Sea. ... The Grand mosque of Pavlodar Pavlodar (Павлода́р) is a city in northeastern Kazakhstan, 350km northeast of the country capital Astana, and 350km southeast of Russias Omsk along the Irtysh River. ... Karaganda (Russian: Караганда) or Qaraghandy (Kazakh: Қарағанды) is the capital of the audany (Russian oblast) of the same name in Kazakhstan. ... Öskemen (Kazakh: Ó¨Ñкемен; also Russian: УÑÑ‚ÑŒ-КаменогорÑк or Ust-Kamenogorsk), is the capital of the Shyghys Qazaqstan (Eastern Kazakhstan) Oblast. ... Petropavl, formerly Petropavlovsk (Russian: Петропавловск, not to be confused with Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky) is a city by Ishim River in Northern Kazakhstan close to the border with Russia, about 350km west of Omsk along the Trans-Siberian Railway. ... Taraz (formerly Zhambyl or Dzhambul) is a city and a center of oblystar in Kazakhstan. ... Taraz (formerly Zhambyl or Dzhambul) is a city and a center of the Zhambyl oblysy in Kazakhstan. ... The Baikonur Cosmodrome (Russian: Космодром Байконур, Kosmodrom Baykonur), also called Tyuratam, is the worlds oldest and largest working space launch facility. ... Baikonur (formerly Leninsk) is a city in Kazakhstan administered by Russia. ...
Additionally, there are 3 cities (qalalar, singular - qala):
Kazakhstan is the ninth-largest country in the world by area, but its semi-deserts (steppe) make it only the 57th country in population, with approximately 6 persons per sq km (16/mi²).
Kazakhstan has stable relationships with all of its neighbors and is a member of the United Nations, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council and Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC).
Kazakhstan is a bilingual country: the Kazakh language, spoken by 64.4% of the population, has the status of the "state" language, while Russian is declared the "official" language, and is used routinely in business.
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