Anarchism

Traditions Anarcha-feminism Anarchist communism Anarcho-capitalism Anarcho-primitivism Anarcho-syndicalism Christian anarchism Collectivist anarchism Eco-anarchism Green anarchism Individualist anarchism Anarchism is derived from the Greek αναρχία (without archons (ruler, chief, king)). Anarchism as a political philosophy, is the belief that rulers, governments, and hierarchal social relationships are unnecessary and should be abolished, although there are differing interpretations of what this means. ... File links The following pages link to this file: Anarchism Anarchy Individualist anarchism Libertarianism Anarcho-Communism Libertarian socialism The Angry Brigade Haymarket Riot Anarcho-syndicalism Anarchist law Anarcho-punk List of creative works about anarchism Spanish Revolution Freedom Press Confederación Nacional del Trabajo Primitivism Green anarchism WOMBLES Squamish Five... Anarcha-feminism combines anarchism with feminism. ... Anarchist communism, also known as Communist anarchism, Anarcho-communism, or Libertarian communism, is a political ideology related to Libertarian socialism. ... Anarcho-capitalism refers to an anti-statist philosophy that embraces capitalism as one of its foundational principles. ... Green and black flag of Anarcho-Primitivism. ... Anarcho-syndicalism is a branch of anarchism which focuses on the labor movement, hence the syndicalism qualification. ... Christian anarchism (also known as Christian libertarianism) is the belief that the only source of authority to which Christians are ultimately answerable is God, embodied in the teachings of Jesus. ... Left Anarchism is a term used almost exclusively by opponents of traditional anarchism to denominate philosophies that oppose private ownership of the means of production (or capitalism). ... Eco-anarchism argues that small eco-villages (of no more than a few hundred people) are a scale of human living preferable to civilization, and that infrastructure and political systems should be re-organized to ensure that these are created. ... Green anarchists compose a diverse and open movement of people who take influences from a variety of different places. ... Individualist anarchism is a philosophical tradition that opposes collectivism and has a particularly strong emphasis on the supremacy and autonomy of the individual. ... Anarchism in culture Anarchism and religion Anarchism and society Anarchism and the arts Anarcho-punk Anarchists have traditionally been skeptical and opposed to organized religion. ... This article discusses the anarchist critiques of society and proposed solutions from the anarchist perspective. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The anarchy symbol commonly used by anarcho-punks Anarcho-punk (sometimes known as peace-punk) is a subgenre of the punk rock movement consisting of groups and bands promoting specifically anarchist ideas. ... Anarchist theory Anarchist economics Anarchism and capitalism Anarchism and Marxism Anarchist law Anarchist symbolism Anarchism without adjectives Post-left anarchy Anarchist economics entails theory and practice relating to economic activity within the philosophical outlines of anarchism. ... Though the libertarian socialist critique of capitalism is rooted in socialist theory, there are certain key distinctions in their critiques, which this article attempts to elucidate. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Anarchist law refers to a concept about the law to use in anarchies, although some people define anarchies as communities without any law. ... This article discusses various anarchist symbols, including the circle-A and the black flag. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Post-left anarchy is a recent current in anarchist thought that seeks to distance itself from the traditional left and to escape the confines of ideology in general. ... Relevant lists Anarchists Books Communities Concepts Musicians Organizations Websites The following is a list of individuals who have been regarded as anarchists by themselves or others, arranged by surname. ... Frederic Bastiat, The Law Radical classical liberalism Davidson & Rees-Mogg, The Sovereign Individual Historians look at technology & implications David Friedman, The Machinery of Freedom Classic utilitarian defense of anarchism Auberon Herbert, The Right and Wrong of Compulsion by the State Albert Jay Nock, Our Enemy the State Oppenheimers thesis... This is a list of past and present anarchist communities. ... These are concepts which, although not exclusive to anarchism, are significant in historical and/or modern anarchist circles. ... The following is a list of notable anarchist musicians. ... This list uses the word organization in its loosest sense. ... Political philosophies descibed as anarchist show overwhelming diversity. ...

For the Utah city, see Provo, Utah. Provo is also a common nickname for a member of the Provisional IRA.

Provo was a Dutch counterculture movement in the mid-1960s that focused on provoking violent responses from authorities using non-violent bait. It was preceded by the nozem movement and followed by the hippie movement, though unlike these two movements, Provo was actually founded, on May 25, 1965, by Robert Jasper Grootveld, an anti-smoking activist, and Roel van Duyn, an anarchist. Provo was officially disbanded on May 13, 1967. Image:Provo iii. ... The Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) is a paramilitary group which aimed, through the use of violence, to achieve three goals: (i) British withdrawal from Ireland, (ii) the political unification of Ireland through the merger of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland , and (iii) the creation of an all... In sociology, counterculture is a term used to describe a cultural group whose values and norms are at odds with those of the social mainstream, a cultural equivalent of a political opposition. ... Look up movement in Wiktionary, the free dictionary The term Movement has a variety of different meanings related to motion: Physical movement between points in space (A to B). The amount of movement is called distance. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969, inclusive. ... Nozem was the earliest modern Dutch subculture, related to the Teddy Boy movement in the UK. It was followed by the Provos. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... May 25 is the 145th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (146th in leap years). ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... Roel van Duijn (born the Hague 20 January 1943) is an activist and long standing politician in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. ... Anarchism is a generic term describing various political philosophies and social movements that advocate the elimination of hierarchy and imposed authority. ... May 13 is the 133rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (134th in leap years). ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ...

Provo gained world prominence through its protests at the royal wedding of Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands and Claus von Amsberg. Beatrix of the Netherlands (Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard van Oranje-Nassau) (born January 31, 1938), Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, styled HM The Queen is the Queen of The Netherlands, having acceded to the throne in 1980. ... Claus van Amsberg (born Klaus-Georg Wilhelm Otto Friedrich Gerd von Amsberg) (September 6, 1926 - October 6, 2002) was a German diplomat and the husband of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands. ...

Its political component won a seat on the city council of Amsterdam, and developed the "White Plans", of which the most famous was the White bicycle plan, which entailed placing white bicycles throughout Amsterdam that could be used for free transportation. Amsterdam Location Flag Country Netherlands Province North Holland Population 742,951(1 January 2005) Coordinates 52°22′N 4°54′E Website www. ... The White Plans were a series of plans put forth by Provo, a social movement active in the Netherlands in the 1960s. ... White bicycles (witte fietsen in Dutch) refers to the practice of providing bicycles (traditionally painted white) for free public use in some regions of the Netherlands. ...

One of the non-violent actions that provoked police violence was the handing out of currants in Amsterdam. A currant can refer to Redcurrants and blackcurrants, berries of the genus Ribes. ...

Harry Mulisch wrote a short novel, De Rattenkoning (The Rat King), about the riots following the Telegraaf's toeing of the establishment's party line after the death of a labourer in a protest. Provo was prominently involved in the protests against the Telegraaf. Mulisch wrote about both actors, highlighting the differences: "While their parents, seated on refrigerators and washing machines, watched TV with their left eyes, and their cars with their right eyes, a mixer in one hand and the Telegraaf in the other, the kids left Saturday evening for the Spui square." ("Terwijl hun ouders op ijskasten en wasmachines gezeten met hun linkeroog naar de teevee keken en met hun rechternaar de auto voor de deur, een mixer in hun ene hand, De Telegraaf in de andere, begaven de kinderen zich 's zaterdagsavond naar het Spui.") Harry Mulisch Harry Mulisch (born July 29, 1927) is a Dutch author. ... De Telegraaf is the largest Dutch daily morning newspaper, with a daily circulation of approximately 800,000. ...

Provo was succeeded by the Kabouters. Lawn Gnome A gnome is a mythical creature characterized by small stature and living underground. ...

Provos and Dutch monarchy

The monarchy became the ultimate establishment symbol for the Provos to attack. Royal ceremonies offered ample opportunities for satire. During "Princess Day," when an annual ceremonial speech was delivered by the queen. Provo made up a fake speech, in which Queen Juliana declared she'd become an anarchist and was negotiating a transition of power with Provo. Provo member Hans Tuynman invited the Queen to hold an intimate conversation in front of the palace, where he and some other Provos had assembled some comfortable chairs. Although the Queen did not show, the police did, quickly breaking up the Happening. Queen Juliana Juliana Louise Emma Marie Wilhelmina, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, (April 30, 1909 - March 20, 2004) of the House of Orange-Nassau was Queen of the Netherlands from her mothers abdication in 1948 to her own abdication in 1980 and Queen Mother (with the title of Princess) from... Anarchism is a generic term describing various political philosophies and social movements that advocate the elimination of hierarchy and imposed authority. ...

The climax of this anti-royal activity came in March 1966, when Princess Beatrix married a German, Claus von Amsberg, a former member of Hitlerjugend, the Nazi youth organization. Coincidentally, Grootveld had been doing performances based on "the coming of Klaas," a mythical messiah. Sinterklaas, the Dutch version of Santa Claus, and Klaas Kroese, Grootveld's former sponsor, served as the inspirations for these performances. But by March, Provos identified the coming of Klaas with the arrival of Von Amsberg. Her Majesty, Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard of Orange-Nassau (born January 31, 1938) is the Queen of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, having acceded to the throne in 1980. ... Claus van Amsberg (born Klaus-Georg Wilhelm Otto Friedrich Gerd von Amsberg) (September 6, 1926 - October 6, 2002) was a German diplomat and the husband of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands. ... The German Nazi party established the Hitler Youth (in German: Hitler-Jugend or HJ) in 1926. ... The term National Socialism has been used in self-description by a number of different political groups and ideologies, some of which have no connection with the Nazis; see National socialism (disambiguation). ... Saint Nicholas, also known as Nikolaus in Germany and Sinterklaas (a contracted form of Sint Nicolaas) in the Netherlands and Flanders, is the common name for the historical Saint Nicholas of Myra, who lived in 4th century Byzantine Anatolia, (now in modern Turkey) and had a reputation for secret gift... For other uses, see Santa Claus (disambiguation). ...

Miraculously, at the wedding day March 10, 1966, the Provos managed to sneak the smoke bombs past the police and army guards by dressing up like respectable citizens. The first bombs went off just behind the palace as the procession started. Although the bombs were not really dangerous (they were made from sugar and nitrate), they put out tremendous clouds of smoke, which were viewed on television worldwide. A violent police overreaction ensued, witnessed by foreign journalists, many of whom were clubbed and beaten in the confusion. The wedding turned into a public relations disaster. "Demonstrations of Provo are Amsterdam's bitter answer to monarchist folklorism," commented a Spanish newspaper. March 10 is the 69th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (70th in Leap years). ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ...

The week after the wedding, a photo exhibition was held documenting the police violence. The guests at the exhibition were attacked by the police and severely beaten. Public indignation against the police reached new peaks. Many well-known writers and intellectuals began requesting an independent investigation of police behavior.

Provos and labor movement

In June 1966, after a man was killed in a labor dispute, it seemed as if a civil war was ready to erupt. According to De Telegraaf, the victim was killed not by the police, but by a co-worker, which Provo considered an outrageous lie. A furious crowd stormed the offices of the paper. For the first time, the proletariat and Provo were fighting on the same side. A civil war is a war in which parties within the same [ethnicity]], or distribution of wealth. ... De Telegraaf is the largest Dutch daily morning newspaper, with a daily circulation of approximately 800,000. ... The proletariat (from Latin proles, offspring) is a term used to identify a lower social class; a member of such a class is proletarian. ...

By the middle of 1966, repression was out of control. Hundreds of people were arrested every week at Happenings and anti-Vietnam War rallies. A ban on demonstrations caused them to grow even bigger. Hans Tuynman was turned into a martyr after being sentenced to three months in jail for murmuring the word "image" at a Happening. Yet around the same time, a Dutch Nazi collaborator, a war criminal responsible for deporting Jews, had been released from prison, and a student fraternity member received only a small fine for manslaughter. Combatants Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) United States of America South Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand the Philippines Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) National Liberation Front (Viet Cong) Strength ~1,200,000 (1968) ~420,000 (1968) Casualties South Vietnamese dead: 1,250,000+ US dead: 58,226 US wounded...

Finally, in August 1966, a congressional committee was established to investigate the crisis. The committee's findings resulted in the Police Commissioner's firing. In May 1967, the mayor of Amsterdam, Van Hall, was "honorably" given the boot, after the committee condemned his policies. Strangely enough, Provo movement, which had demanded the mayor's resignation for over a year, liquidated within a week of his dismissal. Amsterdam Location Flag Country Netherlands Province North Holland Population 742,951(1 January 2005) Coordinates 52°22′N 4°54′E Website www. ...

The reason for Provo's demise, which was totally unexpected by outsiders, was its increasing acceptance by moderate elements, and growing turmoil within its ranks. As soon as Provo began participating in the City Council elections, a transformation occurred. A Provo Politburo emerged, consisting of VIP Provos who began devoting most of themselves to political careers. Provos toured the country, giving lectures and interviews. When the VIP Provos were out of town attending a Provo congress, Stolk staged a fake palace coup by announcing that a new Revolutionary Terrorist Council had taken power. Van Duyn reacted furiously, not realizing it was a provocation against Provo itself. When the Van Heutz monument was damaged by bombs, Provo declared that "although they felt sympathy for the cause, they deeply deplored the use of violence." The division between the street Provos and the reformist VIPs began growing wider. Some Provos returned to their studies,others went hippie and withdrew from the movement. An election is a decision making process whereby people vote for preferred political candidates or parties to act as representatives in government. ... Politburo is short for Political Bureau. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... A career is a course of successive situations that make up some activity. ... The term provocation, besides its generic meaning of an act to be a cause of something, has the following technical meanings. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

End of provos

Provo was a big hit as long as it was considered outside of society. But as soon as the establishment began embracing it, the end was near. Moderate liberals began publicly defending it and social scientists began studying the movement. The former Secretary of Transportation joined forces with Provo. "As a real supporter, he should have proposed a crackdown on Provo," Van Duyn said later.

Provo's proposal to establish a playground for children was now greeted by the City Council with great enthusiasm. The real sign of Provo's institutionalization, however, was the installation of a "speakers-corner" in the park.

Van Duyn encouraged this development, but Stolk saw it as a form of repressive tolerance - the Provos were now free, free to be ignored. "Understanding politicians, well-intentioned Provologists and pampering reverends, they were forming a counter-magic circle around us to take away our magic power," says Stolk. So Stolk and Grootveld decided to liquidate Provo. "The power and spirit had vanished," says Grootveld. "Provo had turned into a dogmatic crew. Provo had degenerated into a legal stamp of approval."

At the liquidation meeting, Stolk said: "Provo has to disappear because all the Great Men that made us big have gone," a reference to Provo's two arch-enemies, the mayor and commissioner of police.

Provo held one last stunt. A white rumor was spread that American universities wanted to buy the Provo archives, documents that actually didn't exist. Amsterdam University, fearing that the sociological treasure might disappear overseas, quickly made an offer the Provos couldn't refuse.

After Provo dissolved, the main characters went their own way.

See also

• Situationist
• Alternative society

The Situationist International (SI), an international political and artistic movement which has parallels with Marxism, dadaism, existentialism, anti-consumerism, punk rock and anarchism. ... The phrase alternative society may have been in usage since the 19th century when Karl Marx and Proudhon represented two factions for alternative visions of social change. ...

External links

• A Capsule History of the Dutch Provos
• Dutch Provos An article by Teun Voeten on the history of Provos, includes pictures
• From the situationist international
• A print bibliography
• Roel van Duyn Biography
• Provo Archives in Amsterdam
• A Dozen Souvenirs of Provo