Prunus
Prunus cerasus (Sour Cherry)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Rosales Family: Rosaceae Subfamily: Prunoideae Genus: Prunus L.
Species
Old World: Prunus africana Prunus apetala Prunus armeniaca Prunus avium Prunus buergeriana Prunus campanulata Prunus canescens Prunus cerasifera Prunus cerasoides Prunus cerasus Prunus cocomilia Prunus cornuta Prunus crassifolia Prunus davidiana Prunus domestica Prunus dulcis Prunus fruticosa Prunus geniculata Prunus glandulosa Prunus gracilis Prunus grayana Prunus incana Prunus incisa Prunus insititia Prunus italica Prunus jacquemontii Prunus japonica Prunus korshinskyi Prunus laurocerasus Prunus lusitanica Prunus maackii Prunus mahaleb Prunus maximowiczii Prunus minutiflora Prunus mume Prunus murrayana Prunus myrtifolia Prunus nipponica Prunus occidentalis Prunus padus Prunus persica Prunus pleuradenia Prunus prostrata Prunus rivularis Prunus salicina Prunus sargentii Prunus serrula Prunus serrulata Prunus sibirica Prunus simonii Prunus sogdiana Prunus speciosa Prunus spinosa Prunus spinulosa Prunus ssiori Prunus subhirtella Prunus tenella Prunus tomentosa Prunus ursina Prunus vachuschtii Prunus verecunda Prunus yedoensis Prunus zippeliana New World: Prunus alabamensis Prunus alleghaniensis Prunus americana Prunus andersonii Prunus angustifolia Prunus besseyi Prunus caroliniana Prunus emarginata Prunus fasciculata Prunus fremontii Prunus havardii Prunus hortulana Prunus ilicifolia Prunus maritima Prunus mexicana Prunus munsoniana Prunus nigra Prunus pensylvanica Prunus pumila Prunus serotina Prunus subcordata Prunus texana Prunus triloba Prunus umbellata Prunus virginiana Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2272x1712, 3039 KB) Beschreibung: bühender Kirschenbaum (prunus sp)im Frühling Quelle: FreePiP (Free Pictures Project) Fotograf: Benjamin Gimmel, BenHur See also Image:Frühlingslandschft Aaretal Schweiz. ... Washington, D.C. Tidal Basin showing cherry trees in flower Cherry tree blossoms Formation of the cherry fruit at beginning of May (France) Ripe Bing cherries Cherries (variety Lambert) - watercolor 1894 White Cherry Flowers A cherry is both a tree and its fleshy fruit, a type known as a drupe... Binomial name Prunus cerasus L. The Sour Cherry or Morello Cherry, (Prunus cerasus) is a species of Prunus in the subgenus Cerasus (cherries), native to much of Europe and southwest Asia. ... Scientific classification redirects here. ... For other uses, see Plant (disambiguation). ... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. ... Magnoliopsida is the botanical name for a class of flowering plants. ... Families Barbeyaceae Cannabaceae (hemp family) Dirachmaceae Elaeagnaceae Moraceae (mulberry family) Rosaceae (rose family) Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family) Ulmaceae (elm family) Urticaceae (nettle family) For the Philippine municipality, see Rosales, Pangasinan. ... Global distribution of Rosaceae Subfamilies Rosoideae Spiraeoideae Maloideae Amygdaloideae or Prunoideae The Rosaceae or rose family is a large family of plants, with about 3,000-4,000 species in 100-120 genera. ... Genera Prunus Prinsepia Prunoideae, also called Amygdaloideae, is the subfamily containing the genera Prunus and Prinsepia. ... Carl Linnaeus, Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as  , (May 13, 1707[1] – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[2] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ... Binomial name (Hook f. ... Binomial name Prunus armeniaca The scientific name for the apricot is Prunus armeniaca L., which puts it in the same subgenus as the plum (Prunophora). ... Washington, D.C. Tidal Basin showing cherry trees in flower Cherry tree blossoms Formation of the cherry fruit at beginning of May (France) Ripe Bing cherries Cherries (variety Lambert) - watercolor 1894 White Cherry Flowers A cherry is both a tree and its fleshy fruit, a type known as a drupe... Categories: Stub | Fruit ... Washington, D.C. Tidal Basin showing cherry trees in flower Cherry tree blossoms Formation of the cherry fruit at beginning of May (France) Ripe Bing cherries Cherries (variety Lambert) - watercolor 1894 White Cherry Flowers A cherry is both a tree and its fleshy fruit, a type known as a drupe... Plum is also a nickname for British humorist P. G. Wodehouse. ... This article refers to the plant. ... Binomial name Pall. ... Binomial name The Fuji cherry (Prunus incisa) gets its Latin name from the deep incisions on the leaves. ... Prunus insititia or damson plum is a variety of the common plum. ... Korean cherry (Prunus japonica or Cerasus japonica), also called flowering almond or oriental bush cherry, is a shrub species in the genus Prunus. ... The cherry laurel, sometimes called the common laurel, is a shrub or small tree of the genus Prunus, botanic name Prunus laurocerasus. ... Mahlab, the pit of the black cherry (Prunus mahaleb), has been used for centuries in the Middle East (especially in Turkey and Syria) as a sweet/sour, nutty addition to breads, cheese, cookies and biscuits. ... Binomial name Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc. ... Species Prunus padus The Bird Cherry Prunus padus is a species of cherry, native to northern Europe and northern Asia. ... This article is about the fruit; For alternate uses, see Peach (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Prunus salicina Lindl. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Sakura. ... Binomial name (Koidz. ... Binomial name Prunus spinosa L. The Blackthorn, is a large shrub or a small tree of the genus Prunus, botanically Prunus spinosa. ... Binomial name Thunb. ... Binomial name The Wild plum (Prunus americana) is a southern rather than a northern tree. ... Binomial name Prunus andersonii A.Gray Prunus andersonii also known as Desert Peach and sometimes Desert Almond, is a 1–2 meters tall deciduous shrub of the western United States, namely eastern California and western Nevada. ... Binomial name (Dougl. ... Binomial name Prunus ilicifolia Nutt. ... Prunus maritima also known as Beach Plum of the family Rosaceae is small tree or shrub, in its natural setting about 1m high although it can grow larger when nurtured in gardens. ... Binomial name The Canada plum or red plum (Prunus nigra) is a small tree twenty feet in height, dividing five or six feet from the ground into a number of stout upright branches which form a rigid head. ... Binomial name L. The pin cherry or fire cherry (Prunus pensylvanica) is a species in the genus Prunus. ... Binomial name Prunus serotina Ehrh. ... Binomial name Prunus subcordata Benth. ... Binomial name Prunus virginiana The Chokecherry is the name for a species of suckering shrub or small tree, Prunus virginiana. ...

Prunus is a genus of trees and shrubs, including the plums, cherries, peaches, apricots and almonds. It is traditionally placed within the rose family Rosaceae as a subfamily, the Prunoideae (or Amygdaloideae), but sometimes placed in its own family, the Prunaceae (or Amygdalaceae). There are around 430 species of Prunus, spread throughout the northern temperate regions of the globe. For other uses, see Genus (disambiguation). ... The coniferous Coast Redwood, the tallest tree species on earth. ... A broom shrub in flower A shrub or bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 6 m tall. ... Species See text. ... For other uses, see Cherry (disambiguation). ... Binomial name (L.) Batsch Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Binomial name Prunus armeniaca L. For other uses, see Apricot (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Almond (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Rose (disambiguation). ... Global distribution of Rosaceae Subfamilies Rosoideae Spiraeoideae Maloideae Amygdaloideae or Prunoideae The Rosaceae or rose family is a large family of plants, with about 3,000-4,000 species in 100-120 genera. ... ... Genera Prunus Prinsepia Prunoideae, also called Amygdaloideae, is the subfamily containing the genera Prunus and Prinsepia. ... Genera Prunus Prinsepia Prunoideae, also called Amygdaloideae, is the subfamily containing the genera Prunus and Prinsepia. ... Genera Prunus Prinsepia Prunoideae, also called Amygdaloideae, is the subfamily containing the genera Prunus and Prinsepia. ...

The flowers are usually white to pink, with five petals and five sepals. They are borne singly, or in umbels of two to six or more on racemes. The fruit of all Prunus species is a drupe with a relatively large "stone". Leaves are simple and usually lanceolate, unlobed and toothed along the margin. For other uses, see Flower (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that Corolla be merged into this article or section. ... Flower of the Primrose Willowherb (Ludwigia octovalvis) showing petals and sepals A sepal is one member or part of the calyx of a flower. ... Umbels on Wild Carrot (Daucus carota) An umbel is an inflorescence which consists of a number of short flower stalks (called pedicels) which are equal in length and spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. ... This inflorescence of the terrestrial orchid Spathoglottis plicata is a typical raceme. ... The peach is a typical drupe (stone fruit) In botany, a drupe is a type of fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp or skin and mesocarp or flesh) surrounds a shell (the pit or stone) of hardened endocarp with a seed inside. ... In botany, the following terms are used to describe the shape of plant leaves: cordate leaf Acicular: slender and pointed Alternate (alternifolia): Arranged alternately Bipinnate (bipinnata): Each leaflet also pinnate Cordate (cordata): Heart-shaped, stem attaches to cleft Cuneate: Triangular, stem attaches to point Deltoid: Triangular, stem attaches to side...

Classification

Historical

The first use of prunus as a genus name belongs to Linnaeus in Hortus Cliffortianus of 1737, which went on to become Species Plantarum. In that work Linnaeus attributes the word to "Varr.", who must be Marcus Terentius Varro. The word is not very frequent in Latin. Pliny uses prunus silvestris to mean the blackthorn. A painting of Carolus Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné, and who wrote under the Latinized name Carolus Linnaeus (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish scientist who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of taxonomy. ... Writing the Species Plantarum was one of Carolus Linnaeus two great contributions to the Scientific community. ... Marcus Terentius Varro ([[116 BC]–27 BC), also known as Varro Reatinus to distinguish him from his contemporary Varro Atacinus, was a Roman scholar and writer, who the Romans came to call the most learned of all the Romans. ... Pliny the Elder: an imaginative 19th Century portrait. ... For other uses, see Blackthorn (disambiguation). ...

The Online Etymological Dictionary presents the customary derivations of plum and prune from Latin prunum, the plum, which is frequent in a number of authors, including Pliny. The word is not native Latin, but is a loan from Greek prounos, from proumnos, origin unknown. Most dictionaries follow Hoffman, Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Grieschischen, in making it a loan from a pre-Greek language of Asia Minor, related to Phrygian. Pliny the Elder: an imaginative 19th Century portrait. ... Anatolia (Greek: ανατολη anatole, rising of the sun or East; compare Orient and Levant, by popular etymology Turkish Anadolu to ana mother and dolu filled), also called by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to the Asian portion of Turkey. ... Phrygian can refer to: A person from Phrygia The Phrygian language This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

This view can be botanically misleading. The origin of the word is not the origin of the tree. A possible classical importation of some plum cultivated in Asia Minor does not mean that species classified under Prunus today were not in ancient Greece and Italy.

In 1737 Linnaeus used four genera to capture modern Prunus: Amygdalus, Cerasus, Prunus and Padus, but simplified to Amygdalus and Prunus in 1758. Since then various genera of Linnaeus and others have become subgenera and sections, as it clearer that all the Prunus species are more closely related. Liberty Hyde Bailey says: Liberty Hyde Bailey. ...

"The numerous forms grade into each other so imperceptibly and inextricably that the genus cannot be readily broken up into species."^[1]

Modern

A recent DNA study of 48 species of Prunus concluded that Prunus is monophyletic and is descended from some Eurasian ancestor.^[2] In phylogenetics, a group is monophyletic (Greek: of one stem) if all organisms in that group are known to have developed from a common ancestral form, and all descendants of that form are included in the group. ...

Historical treatments break the genus up into several different genera, but this segregation is not currently widely recognised other than at the subgeneric rank. ITIS recognises just the single Genus Prunus, with an open list of species,^[3] all of which are shown in the box on the right.^[4] The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) is a partnership designed to provide consistent and reliable information on the taxonomy of biological species. ... For other uses, see Species (disambiguation). ...

One standard contemporaneous treatment of subgenera derives from the work of Alfred Rehder in 1940. Rehder hypothesized five subgenera: Amygdalus, Prunus, Cerasus, Padus and Laurocerasus.^[5] To them C. Ingram added Lithocerasus.^[6] The six contemporaneous subgenera are described as follows: Alfred Rehder was a horticulturist and taxonomist who worked at the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. ...

• Prunus subgenera:
  • Subgenus Amygdalus: almonds and peaches. Axillary buds in threes (vegetative bud central, two flower buds to sides). Flowers in early spring, sessile or nearly so, not on leafed shoots. Fruit with a groove along one side; stone deeply grooved. Type species Prunus dulcis (Almond).
  • Subgenus Prunus: plums and apricots. Axillary buds solitary. Flowers in early spring stalked, not on leafed shoots. Fruit with a groove along one side; stone rough. Type species Prunus domestica (Plum).
  • Subgenus Cerasus: cherries. Axillary buds single. Flowers in early spring in corymbs, long-stalked, not on leafed shoots. Fruit not grooved; stone smooth. Type species Prunus cerasus (Sour cherry).
  • Subgenus Lithocerasus: dwarf cherries. Axillary buds in threes. Flowers in early spring in corymbs, long-stalked, not on leafed shoots. Fruit not grooved; stone smooth. Type species Prunus pumila (Sand cherry).
  • Subgenus Padus: bird cherries. Axillary buds single. Flowers in late spring in racemes on leafy shoots, short-stalked. Fruit not grooved; stone smooth. Type species Prunus padus (European bird cherry).
  • Subgenus Laurocerasus: cherry-laurels. Axillary buds single. Flowers in early spring in racemes, not on leafed shoots, short-stalked. Fruit not grooved; stone smooth. Mostly evergreen (all the other subgenera are deciduous). Type species Prunus laurocerasus (European cherry-laurel).

Another recent DNA study^[5] found that Amygdaloideae can be divided into two clades: Prunus-Maddenia, with Maddenia basal within Prunus, and Exochorda-Oemleria-Prinsepia. Prunus can be divided into two clades: Amygdalus-Prunus and Cerasus-Laurocerasus-Padus. Yet another study adds Empectocladus as a subgenus to the former.^[7] For other uses, see Almond (disambiguation). ... Binomial name (L.) Batsch Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Species See text. ... Binomial name Prunus armeniaca L. For other uses, see Apricot (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Cherry (disambiguation). ... Species See text. ... Binomial name Prunus laurocerasus (L. The cherry laurel, sometimes called the common laurel, is a shrub or small tree of the genus Prunus, botanic name Prunus laurocerasus. ... This article is about plant types. ... For other uses, see Deciduous (disambiguation). ... A clade is a term belonging to the discipline of cladistics. ... Exochorda is a small genus of four species of deciduous shrubs found in China and central Asia. ...

Uses

Japanese Cherry (Prunus serrulata) in bloom

The genus Prunus includes the almond, apricot, cherry, peach and plum, all of which have cultivars developed for commercial fruit production. The edible part of the almond is the seed; the almond fruit is a drupe and not a "nut". There are also a number of species, hybrids, and cultivars grown strictly as ornamental plants, usually for their profusion of flowers, occasionally for leaves and bark. These ornamentals include the group that may be collectively called flowering cherries (sakura). Other species are grown for hedging, game cover, and other utilitarian purposes. The wood of some species is a minor and specialised timber (cherry wood). Japanese Cherry (Prunus serrulata) - in bloom This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Japanese Cherry (Prunus serrulata) - in bloom This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... For other uses, see Almond (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Prunus armeniaca L. For other uses, see Apricot (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Cherry (disambiguation). ... Binomial name (L.) Batsch Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Species See text. ... This Osteospermum Pink Whirls is a successful cultivar. ... For other uses, see Fruit (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Nut (disambiguation). ... This article is about a biological term. ... This Osteospermum Pink Whirls is a successful cultivar. ... Petunia This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about cherry blossoms and their cultural significance to the Japanese. ... Timber in storage for later processing at a sawmill Timber is a term used to describe wood, either standing or that has been processed for use—from the time trees are felled, to its end product as a material suitable for industrial use—as structural material for construction or wood...

Pygeum is a herbal remedy containing extracts from the bark of Prunus africana. It is used as to alleviate some of the discomfort caused by inflammation in patients suffering from benign prostatic hyperplasia. Pygeum (or Prunus africanum, or Pygeum africanum, or African plum) is a plant used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. ... Binomial name (Hook f. ... For other uses of the acronym BPH, see BPH (disambiguation). ...

Because of their considerable value as both food and ornamental plants, many Prunus species have been introduced to parts of the world to which they are not native. Many of the Old World species are grown for ornament or fruit, and have been planted throughout the world; and some have become naturalised beyond their native range. IT is a new species. ...

Prunus species are used as food plants for the larvae of a large number of Lepidoptera species. A larval insect A larva (Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of animal with indirect development, undergoing metamorphosis (for example, insects or amphibians). ... Subdivisions See Taxonomy of Lepidoptera and Lepidopteran diversity. ...

For more details on this topic, see List of Lepidoptera which feed on Prunus.

.

Prunus species are used as food plants by the larvae of a large number of Lepidoptera species including: Angle Shades (Phlogophora meticulosa) Autumnal Moth (Epirrita autumnata) The Brick (Agrochola circellaris) - recorded on Bird Cherry Brimstone Moth (Opisthograptis luteolata) Brown-tail (Euproctis chrysorrhoea) Buff-tip (Phalera bucephala) Common Emerald (Hemithea aestivaria...

Palaeobotanical models

The earliest fossil Prunus are wood, drupe and seed and a leaf from the middle Eocene of the Princeton Chert of British Columbia.^[8] Using the known age as calibration data, recent research by Oh and Potter^[9] reconstructs a partial phylogeny of some Rosaceae from a number of nucleotide sequences. According to this study Prunus and its "sister clade" Maloideae (apple subfamily) diverged at 44.3 mya (well before most of the Primates existed). This date is within the Lutetian, or older middle Eocene.^[10] Stokey and Wehr report:^[8] "The Eocene was a time of rapid evolution and diversification in Angiosperm families such as the Rosaceae ...." hfajhfiudshfas == == == --24. ... Motto: Splendor sine occasu (Latin: Splendour without diminishment) Capital Victoria Largest city Vancouver Official languages English (de facto) Government Lieutenant-Governor Steven Point Premier Gordon Campbell (BC Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament House seats 36 Senate seats 6 Confederation July 20, 1871 (6th province) Area  Ranked 5th Total 944... In biology, phylogenetics (Greek: phylon = tribe, race and genetikos = relative to birth, from genesis = birth) is the study of evolutionary relatedness among various groups of organisms (e. ... A DNA sequence (sometimes genetic sequence) is a succession of letters representing the primary structure of a real or hypothetical DNA molecule or strand, The possible letters are A, C, G, and T, representing the four nucleotide subunits of a DNA strand (adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine), and typically these are... Genera Amelanchier - serviceberry, juneberry Aronia - chokeberry Chaenomeles - Japanese quince Cotoneaster - cotoneaster Crataegus - hawthorn Cydonia - quince Eriobotrya - loquat Eriolobus (Malus pro parte) Heteromeles - Toyon Malus - apple, crabapple Mespilus - medlar Osteomeles Photinia Pyracantha - firethorn Pyrus - pear Rhaphiolepis - Indian hawthorn Sorbus - rowan, whitebeam, service tree Stranvaesia - (Photinia pro parte) The Maloideae, or the... Families 15, See classification A primate is any member of the biological order Primates, the group that contains all the species commonly related to the lemurs, monkeys, and apes, with the latter category including humans. ... The Lutetian is a stage of the middle Eocene Epoch. ... hfajhfiudshfas == == == --24. ... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants (also angiosperms or Magnoliophyta) are one of the major groups of modern plants, comprising those that produce seeds in specialized reproductive organs called flowers, where the ovulary or carpel is enclosed. ... Global distribution of Rosaceae Subfamilies Rosoideae Spiraeoideae Maloideae Amygdaloideae or Prunoideae The Rosaceae or rose family is a large family of plants, with about 3,000-4,000 species in 100-120 genera. ...

The Princeton finds are among a large number of Angiosperm fossils from the Okanagan Highlands dating to the late early and middle Eocene. Crataegus is found at three locations: Mcabee, Republic and Princeton, while Prunus is found at those locations and Quilchena and Chuchua. A recent recapitulation of research on the topic^[11] reports that the Rosaceae were more diverse at higher altitudes. The Okanagan formations date to as early as 52 mya, but the 44.3 mya data, which is approximate, depending on assumptions, might still apply. The authors assert: "... the McAbee flora records a diverse early middle Eocene angiosperm-dominated forest."^[12] Location map of the Okanagan Highland The Okanagan Highland, also known as the Okanogan Highland in the United States, is a plateau-like hilly area in British Columbia, Canada. ... Species See text Crataegus (Hawthorn) is a large genus of in the family Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia and North America. ... Republic is a city located in Ferry County, Washington. ... Princeton is a small town in the Okanagan-Similkameen region of British Columbia, Canada. ...

Notes

The development sequence of a nectarine (Prunus persica) over a 4½ month period, from flower budding to fruit ripening (see image page for further information)

1. ^ Bailey, page 181.
2. ^ Bortiri and others.
3. ^ Do a search in the ITIS database on the scientific name Prunus for its current list.
4. ^ Other established species appear in the box as well, which for whatever reasons are not yet in ITIS.
5. ^ ^{a b} Sangtae Lee and Jun Wen, A phylogenetic analysis of Prunus and the Amygdaloideae (Rosaceae) using ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA, American Journal of Botany. 2001;88:150-160. This article summarizes the classification of Prunus and gives additional data derived from chemical analysis. It may be found online at [1].
6. ^ Stone Fruits, article by William Okie submitted to the Encyclopedia of Fruits and Nuts in July 2003. Summary and Abstract are available at [2], a USDA Reasearch site.
7. ^ Bortiri, Esteban; Oh, Sang-Hun; Gao, Fang-You; Potter, Dan (2002). "The Phylogenetic Utility Of Nucleotide Sequences Of SORBITOL 6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE In Prunus (Rosaceae)". American Journal of Botany 89 (11): 1697–1708.  The specification is Emplectocladus (Torr.) Sargent
8. ^ ^{a b} Stockey & Wehr (1996) pages 241 and 245.
9. ^ Oh, Sang-Hun; Potter, Daniel (2005). "Molecular phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of tribe Neillieae (Rosaceae) using DNA sequences of cpDNA, rDNA, and LEAFY1". American Journal of Botany 92: pages 179-192. 
10. ^ A date of 76 mya is given for Rosaceae, which is within the late Cretaceous.
11. ^ Dillhoff, Richard M; Leopold, Estella B.; Manchester, Steven R. (February 2005). "The McAbee flora of British Columbia and its relation to the Early-Middle Eocene Okanagan Highlands flora of the Pacific Northwest". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42 (2): pages 151-166. 
12. ^ Page 165.

Binomial name (L.) Batsch Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... // The Cretaceous Period (pronounced ) is one of the major divisions of the geologic timescale, reaching from the end of the Jurassic Period (i. ...

Bibliography

• Bailey, Liberty Hyde (1898). Sketch of the Evolution of Our Native Fruits. New York: The MacMillan Company. 
• Bortiri, Esteban; and others (2001), "Phylogeny and Systematics of Prunus (Rosaceae) as Determined by Sequence Analysis of ITS and the Chloroplast trnL-trnF Spacer DNA", Systematic Botany 26 (4): pages 797-807, <http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0363-6445%28200110%2F12%2926%3A4%3C797%3APASOP%28%3E2.0.CO%3B2-G&size=LARGE&origin=JSTOR-enlargePage> . Abstract and first page for free.
• Linnaeus Carolus; Sprengel, Curtius (editor) (1830). Genera Plantarum Editio Nona. Gottingen: Dieterich.  For Prunus see page 403.
• Stockey, Ruth A. & Wesley C., Wehr (1996), "Flowering Plants in and around Eocene Lakes of the Interior", in Ludvigson, Rolf, Life in Stone: a Natural History of British Columbia's Fossils, Vancouver: UBCPess, pp. page 234 following, ISBN 0774805781 .

Liberty Hyde Bailey. ...

See also

Wikispecies has information related to:

Prunus

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Prunus

• Blossom
• Fruit tree
• Leaf
• List of botanists by author abbreviation

Image File history File links Wikispecies-logo. ... Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation that aims to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species (including animalia, plantae, fungi, bacteria, archaea, and protista). ... Blossom is a term given to the flowers of stone fruit trees (Genus Prunus) and of some other plants with a similar appearance that flower profusely but for a short period of time. ... A plum tree Flowering almond tree A fruit tree is a tree bearing fruit — the structures formed by the ripened ovary of a flower containing one or more seeds. ... Look up foliage in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This is a list of botanists by their author abbreviation, including that established by Brummitt & Powell (1992), designed for citation in the botanical names they have published. ...

External links

• Partial Prunus species listing: by National Genetics Resources Program