Pseudomonas is a genus of gamma proteobacteria, belonging to the larger family of pseudomonads. Binomial name Pseudomonas abietaniphila Mohn, 1999 Pseudomonas abietaniphila is a soil bacteria that grows on pulp mill effluents with resin acids[1]. It was first isolated in Canada. ... Binomial name Imdada 1980 Pseudomonas acidophila is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that produces the beta-lactam antibiotic, sulfazecin[1], as well as bulgecins[2]. It was first isolated in Japan. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas agarici Young 1970. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas alcaliphila Yumoto, 2001 Pseudomonas alcaliphila is a psychrophilic, alkiliphilic, Gram-negative, aerobic straight rod bacteria with polar flagella isolated from sea water near Hokkaido, Japan[1]. The type strain is JCM 10630. ... Binomial name Nakao and Kuno 1972 Pseudomonas alkanolytica is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that produces Coenzyme A. Because this organism is patented[1], it is not officially recognized as a legitimate Pseudomonas species, and therefore has no type strain. ... Binomial name Yokobayashi et al. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas asplenii (Ark and Tompkins 1946) Săvulescu 1947 Pseudomonas asplenii is a soil bacteria that causes bacterial leaf blight of the birds-nest fern[1]. The type strain is ATCC 23835. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas azotifigens Hatayama, 2005 Pseudomonas azotifigens is a Gram negative, nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from a compost pile in Japan. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas cannabina (ex Sutic and Dowson 1959) Gardan, 1999. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas coenobios ZoBell and Upham 1944 Pseudomonas coenobios is a Gram negative, non-sporulating, motile, rod marine bacteria[1]. The type strain is ATCC 14402. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas congelans Behrendt, 2003 Pseudomonas congelans is a fluorescent, Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the phyllosphere of grasses[1]. The type strain is DSM 14939. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas costantinii Munsch, 2002 Pseudomonas costantinii is a Gram-negative bacteria that causes brown blotch disease in cultivated mushroooms[1]. The type strain is CFBP 5705. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas cruciviae Gray and Thornton Pseudomonas cruciviae is a Gram-negative, rod bacteria. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas dehliensis Prakash, 2007 Pseudomonas delhiensis is a bacteria isolated from the dumping site of fly ash of a power plant in Delhi, India[1]. The type strain is MTCC 7601. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas excibis Steinhaus Pseudomonas excibis is a Gram-negative, rod bacteria first isolated from the gastric caeca of the cactus bug (Chelinidea vittiger). ... Binomial name Pseudomonas extremorientalis Ivanova, 2002 Pseudomonas extremorientalis is a Gram-negative, saprophytic, fluorescent bacteria found in a drinking water reservoir near Vladivostok City, Russia[1]. The type strain is LMG 19695. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis Andersen, 2000 Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis is a Gram negative, phenanthrene-degrading bacteria from a coal gasification site in Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark[1]. The type strain is DSM 13022. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas fuscovaginae (ex Tanii, 1976) Miyajima, 1983 Pseudomonas fuscovaginae is a fluorescent, Gram negative soil bacteria that is pathogenic to plants[1]. The type strain is CCUG 32780. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas gelidicola Kadota 1951 Pseudomonas gelidicola is a Gram negative marine bacteria[1]. The type strain is IAM 1127. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas grimontii Baida, 2002 Pseudomonas grimontii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, fluorescent, motile bacteria isolated from natural springs in France[1]. The type strain is CIP 106645. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas indica Pandey, 2002 Pseudomonas indica is a Gram negative, butane-utilizing bacteria first isolated in India[1]. The type strain is MTCC 3713. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas jessenii Verhille, , 1999 Pseudomonas jessenii is a fluorescent, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from natural spring waters in France[1]. The type strain is CIP 105274. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas jinjuensis Kwon, 2003 Pseudomonas jinjuensis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, motile, single polar flagellated, yellow-white, rod bacteria isolated from soil in the Jinju Region of Korea. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas kilonensis Sikorski, 2001 Pseudomonas kilonensis is a soil bacteria isolated from agricultural soil in Germany[1]. The type strain is DSM 13647. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas knackmussii Stoltz, 2007 Pseudomonas knackmussii is a Gram-negative, polarly flagellated, motile, short rod bacteria isolated from a sewage treatment plant in Göttingen, Germany. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas koreensis Kwon, 2003 Pseudomonas koreensis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, motile, multiple polar flagellated, yellow-white, rod bacteria isolated from farming soil Korea. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas lini Delorme, , 2002 Pseudomonas lini is a fluorescent, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from rhizospheric soil in France[1]. The type strain is CFBP 5737. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas lutea Peix, 2004 Pseudomonas lutea is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacteria found in rhizospheric soil of grasses in Spain[1]. The type strain is LMG 21974. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas moraviensis Tvrzova, 2006 Pseudomonas moraviensis is a Gram-negative soil bacteria. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas otitidis Clark, 2006 Pseudomonas otitidis is a Gram negative bacteria that causes otitis[1]. The type strain is ATCC BAA-1130. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas pachastrellae Romanenko, 2005 Pseudomonas pachastrellae is a bacteria found in deep-sea sponges [1]. The type strain is JCM 12285. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas palleroniana Gardan, 2002 Pseudomonas palleroniana is a Gram-negative bacteria that infects rice plants[1]. The type strain is CFBP 4389. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas papaveris Lelliott and Wallace 1955 Pseudomonas papaveris is a Gram-negative bacteria that was first isolated on Shirley poppies. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas peli Vanparys, , 2006 Pseudomonas peli is a Gram-negative, non-fluorescent, non-sporulating, motile, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a commercially available nitrifying inoculum used in aquaculture[1]. The type strain is LMG 23201. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas perolens Pseudomonas perolens is a Gram negative, non-sporulating, motile, rod bacteria that is known to cause mustiness in eggs in Poland[1]. The type strain is ATCC 10757. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas poae Behrendt, 2003 Pseudomonas poae is a fluorescent, Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the phyllosphere of grasses[1]. The type strain is DSM 14936. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas pohangensis Weon, , 2006 Pseudomonas pohangensis is a Gram-negative, non-fluorescent, non-sporulating, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from seashore sand on Homi cape, near Pohang city, Korea[1]. The type strain is KACC 11517. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas psychrophila Yumoto, 2001 Pseudomonas psychrophila is a psychrophilic, gram-negative, aerobic, straight rod bacteria with polar flagella [1]. The type strain is JCM 10889. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas psychrotolerans Hauser, 2004 Pseudomonas psychrotolerans is a yellow-pigmented, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria found in small European ungulates[1]. The type strain is LMG 21977. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas rathonis is a Gram-negative bacterium originally isolated from the rhizosphere of agriculturally important crops[1]. ^ Egamberdiyeva D (2005 Jul 8). ... Binomial name Pseudomonas reptilivora Caldwell and Ryerson 1940 Pseudomonas reptilivora is a fluorescent, yellow-green, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, multiple polar flagellated, motile bacteria that is pathogenic to reptiles. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas resiniphila Mohn, 1999 Pseudomonas resiniphila is a soil bacteria that grows on pulp mill effluents with resin acids[1]. It was first isolated in Canada. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas rhizosphaerae Peix, 2003 Pseudomonas rhizosphaerae is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacteria found in rhizospheric soil of grasses in Spain[1]. The type strain is LMG 21640. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas rubescens Pivnick 1955 Pseudomonas rubescens is a soil bacteria that was originally isolated from the oil in a machine shop[1]. The type strain is ATCC 12099. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas salomonii Gardan, 2002 Pseudomonas salomonii is a Gram-negative bacteria that infects garlic plants[1]. The type strain is CFBP 2022. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas segitis Park, 2006 Pseudomonas segitis is a Gram-negative, aerobic soil bacterium found in Korea[1]. The type strain is IMSNU 14101. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas septica Bergey, 1930 Pseudomonas septica is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, bacteria that is pathogenic to insects. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas simiae Vela, 2006 Pseudomonas simiae is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria bacterium isolated from monkeys (Callithrix geoffroyi) [1]. The type strain is CCUG 50988. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas suis Woods 1930 Pseudomonas suis is a Gram-negative bacteria that causes croupous pneumonia of swine. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas thermotolerans Manaia and Moore 2002 Pseudomonas thermotolerans is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in the industrial cooking water of a cork-processing plant. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas tremae Gardan, 1999. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas trivialis Behrendt, 2003 Pseudomonas trivialis is a fluorescent, Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the phyllosphere of grasses[1]. The type strain is DSM 14937. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas turbinellae Sreenivasan Pseudomonas turbinellae is a Gram-negative bacteria that causes bacterial leaf spot. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas tuticorinensis Sreenivasan 1956 Pseudomonas tuticorinensis is a Gram-negative, marine denitrifying bacteria[1]. The type strain is ATCC 12230. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas umsongensis Kwon, 2003 Pseudomonas umsongensis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, motile, single polar flagellated, yellow-white, rod bacteria isolated from the soil in the Umsong Region of Korea[1]. The type strain is LMG 21317. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas vancouverensis Mohn, 1999 Pseudomonas vancouverensis is a soil bacteria that grows on pulp mill effluents with resin acids[1]. It was first isolated in Canada. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas vranovensis Tvrzova, 2006 Pseudomonas vranovensis is a Gram-negative soil bacteria[1]. The type strain is CCM 7279. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas xanthomarina Romanenko, 2005 Pseudomonas xanthomarina is a bacteria found in marine ascidians [1]. The type strain is JCM 12468. ... For other uses, see Genus (disambiguation). ... Orders Alpha Proteobacteria    Caulobacterales - e. ... Genera Azomonas Azomonotrichon Azorhizophilus Azotobacter Cellvibrio Mesophilobacter Pseudomonas Rhizobacter Rugamonas Serpens The Pseudomonadaceae is a family of bacteria that includes the genera Azomonas, Azomonotrichon, Azorhizophilus, Azotobacter, Cellvibrio, Mesophilobacter, Pseudomonas (the type genus), Rhizobacter, Rugamonas, and Serpens [1]. The Azotobacteriaceae were recently published as belonging in this family as well. ...

Recently, 16S rRNA sequence analysis has redefined the taxonomy of many bacterial species.^[1] As a result the genus Pseudomonas includes strains formerly classifed in the genera Chryseomonas and Flavimonas.^[2] Other strains previously classified in the genus Pseudomonas are now classified in the genera Burkholderia and Ralstonia. Species Burkholderia ambifaria Burkholderia andropogonis Burkholderia anthina Burkholderia brasilensis Burkholderia caledonica Burkholderia caribensis Burkholderia caryophylli Burkholderia cenocepacia Burkholderia cepacia Burkholderia cepacia complex Burkholderia dolosa Burkholderia fungorum Burkholderia gladioli Burkholderia glathei Burkholderia glumae Burkholderia graminis Burkholderia hospita Burkholderia kururiensis Burkholderia mallei Burkholderia multivorans Burkholderia phenazinium Burkholderia phymatum Burkholderia phytofirmans Burkholderia plantarii... Species Ralstonia basilensis Ralstonia campinensis Ralstonia eutropha Ralstonia gilardii Ralstonia insidiosa Ralstonia mannitolilytica Ralstonia metallidurans Ralstonia oxalatica Ralstonia paucula Ralstonia pickettii Ralstonia respiraculi Ralstonia solanacearum Ralstonia syzygii Ralstonia taiwanensis Ralstonia is a genus of proteobacteria, previously included in the genus Pseudomonas. ...

History

Pseudomonad literally means 'false unit', being derived from the Greek pseudo (ψευδο 'false') and monas (μονος 'a single unit'). The term "monad" was used in the early history of microbiology to denote single-celled organisms.

Characteristics

Members of the genus display the following defining characteristics:^[3]

• Rod shaped
• Gram-negative
• One or more polar flagella, providing motility
• Aerobic
• Non spore forming
• Positive catalase test

Other characteristics which tend to be associated with Pseudomonas species (with some exceptions) include secretion of pyoverdin (fluorescein), a fluorescent yellow-green siderophore^[4] under iron-limiting conditions. Certain Pseudomonas species may also produce additional types of siderophore, such as pyocyanin by Pseudomonas aeruginosa^[5] and thioquinolobactin by Pseudomonas fluorescens,^[6]. Pseudomonas species also typically give a positive result to the oxidase test, the absence of gas formation from glucose, glucose is oxidised in oxidation/fermentation test using Hugh and Leifson O/F test, hemolytic (on blood agar), indole negative, methyl red negative, Voges Proskauer test negative. Phyla/Divisions Actinobacteria Aquificae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Nitrospirae Omnibacteria Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Bacteria (singular, bacterium) are a major group of living organisms. ... Bacteria that are Gram-negative are not stained dark blue or violet by Gram staining, in contrast to Gram-positive bacteria. ... A flagellum (plural, flagella) is a whip-like organelle that many unicellular organisms, and some multicellular ones, use to move about. ... Motility is a biological term which refers to the ability to move spontaneously and independently. ... Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria can be identified by growning them in liquid culture: 1: Obligate aerobic bacteria gather at the top of the test tube in order to absorb maximal amount of oxygen. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Spore. ... Catalase (human erythrocyte catalase: PDB 1DGF, EC 1. ... Fluorescein is a fluorophore commonly used in microscopy, in a type of dye laser as the gain medium, in forensics and serology to detect latent blood stains, and in dye tracing. ... Fluorescence induced by exposure to ultraviolet light in vials containing various sized Cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots. ... A Siderophore (Greek for iron carrier) is an iron chelating compound secreted by microorganisms. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter 1872) Migula 1900 Synonyms Bacterium aeruginosum Schroeter 1872 Bacterium aeruginosum Cohn 1872 Micrococcus pyocyaneus Zopf 1884 Bacillus aeruginosus (Schroeter 1872) Trevisan 1885 Bacillus pyocyaneus (Zopf 1884) Flügge 1886 Pseudomonas pyocyanea (Zopf 1884) Migula 1895 Bacterium pyocyaneum (Zopf 1884) Lehmann and Neumann 1896 Pseudomonas polycolor... Binomial name Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula, 1895 Pseudomonas fluorescens is a common Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that secretes a soluble fluorescent pigment called fluorescein. ... Hemolysis (alternative spelling haemolysis) is the excessive breakdown of red blood cells. ... Indole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound. ... The chemical makeup of Methyl Red Methyl Red, also called C.I. Acid Red 2, is an indicator dye that turns red in acidic solutions. ...

The genus demonstrates a great deal of metabolic diversity, and consequently are able to colonise a wide range of niches^[7]. Their ease of culture in vitro and availability of an increasing number of Pseudomonas strain genome sequences has made the genus an excellent focus for scientific research; the best studied species include P. aeruginosa in its role as an opportunistic human pathogen, the plant pathogen P. syringae, the soil bacterium P. putida, and the plant growth promoting P. fluorescens. A few of the metabolic pathways in a cell. ... Wiktionary has a definition of: In vitro In vitro (Latin: within glass) means within a test tube, or, more generally, outside a living organism or cell. ... In biology the genome of an organism is the whole hereditary information of an organism that is encoded in the DNA (or, for some viruses, RNA). ... Binomial name Pseudomonas syringae Van Hall, 1904 Pseudomonas syringae is a rod shaped, Gram-negative bacterium, with polar flagella. ... Pseudomonas putida is a flagellated rod-shaped bacterium that has the ability to degrade organic solvents. ...

Biofilm formation

All species and strains of Pseudomonas are Gram-negative rods, and have historically been classified as strict aerobes. Exceptions to this classification have recently been discovered in Pseudomonas biofilms^[8]. A significant number can produce exopolysaccharides that are known as slime layers. Secretion of exopolysaccharide makes it difficult for Pseudomonads to be phagocytosed by mammalian white blood cells.^[9] Slime production also contributes to surface-colonising biofilms which are difficult to remove from food preparation surfaces. Growth of Pseudomonads on spoiling foods can generate a "fruity" odor. The hierarchy of scientific classification. ... Bacteria that are Gram-negative are not stained dark blue or violet by Gram staining, in contrast to Gram-positive bacteria. ... Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria can be identified by growning them in liquid culture: 1: Obligate aerobic bacteria gather at the top of the test tube in order to absorb maximal amount of oxygen. ... In phagocytosis (literally, cell eating), large particles are enveloped by the cell membrane of a (usually larger) cell and internalized to form a food vacuole. ... White Blood Cells is also the name of a White Stripes album. ... Staphylococcus aureus biofilm on an indwelling catheter. ...

Pseudomonas have the ability to metabolise a variety of diverse nutrients. Combined with the ability to form biofilms, they are thus able to survive in a variety of unexpected places. For example, they have been found in areas where pharmaceuticals are prepared. A simple carbon source, such as soap residue or cap liner-adhesives is a suitable place for the Pseudomonads to thrive. Other unlikely places where they have been found include antiseptics such as quaternary ammonium compounds and bottled mineral water. This article is about the computer protocol. ... An antiseptic solution of Povidone-iodine applied to an abrasion Antiseptics (Greek αντί, against, and σηπτικός, putrefactive) are antimicrobial substances that are applied to living tissue/skin to reduce the possibility of infection, sepsis, or putrefaction. ... A ball-and-stick model of the ammonium cation Ammonium is also an old name for the Siwa Oasis in western Egypt. ... A 1. ... In many places, mineral water is often colloquially used to mean carbonated water (which is usually carbonated mineral water, as opposed to tap water). ...

Antibiotic resistance

Being Gram-negative bacteria, most Pseudomonas spp. are naturally resistant to penicillin and the majority of related beta-lactam antibiotics, but a number are sensitive to piperacillin, imipenem, tobramycin, or ciprofloxacin.^[9] For the Japanese rock band, see Penicillin (band). ... A beta-lactam (β-lactam) or penam is a lactam with a heteroatomic ring structure, consisting of three carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom. ... An antibiotic is a drug that kills or slows the growth of bacteria. ... Piperacillin is an extended spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic of the ureidopenicillin class. ... Imipenem is an intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic developed in 1985. ... Tobramycin sulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat various types of bacterial infections, particularly Gram-negative infections. ... Ciprofloxacin is the generic international name for the synthetic antibiotic manufactured and sold by Bayer Pharmaceutical under the brand names Cipro, Ciproxin and Ciprobay (and other brand names in other markets, e. ...

This ability to thrive in harsh conditions is a result of their hardy cell wall that contains porins. Their resistance to most antibiotics is attributed to efflux pumps called ABC transporters, which pump out some antibiotics before they are able to act. A cell wall is a fairly rigid layer surrounding a cell, located external to the cell membrane, that provides the cell with structural support, protection, and a filtering mechanism. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... The lipid flippase Msba, and example of an ABC-transporter ATP-binding cassette transporter genes (ABC-transporter genes) are a superfamily of genes which encode the ABC-transporter proteins. ...

Pathogenicity

Animal pathogens

P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen, most commonly affecting immunocompromised patients, such as those with cystic fibrosis^[10] or AIDS.^[11] Infection can affect many different parts of the body, but infections typically target the respiratory tract, causing bacterial pneumonia. Treatment of such infections can be difficult due to multiple antibiotic resistance.^[12] Binomial name Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter 1872) Migula 1900 Synonyms Bacterium aeruginosum Schroeter 1872 Bacterium aeruginosum Cohn 1872 Micrococcus pyocyaneus Zopf 1884 Bacillus aeruginosus (Schroeter 1872) Trevisan 1885 Bacillus pyocyaneus (Zopf 1884) Flügge 1886 Pseudomonas pyocyanea (Zopf 1884) Migula 1895 Bacterium pyocyaneum (Zopf 1884) Lehmann and Neumann 1896 Pseudomonas polycolor... Immunosuppression is the medical suppression of the immune system. ... For other uses, see AIDS (disambiguation). ... This article is about human pneumonia. ...

P. oryzihabitans can also be a human pathogen, although infections are rare. It can cause peritonitis,^[13] endophthalmitis,^[14] septicemia and bacteremia. Similar symptoms although also very rare can be seen by infections of P. luteola.^[15] Binomial name Pseudomonas oryzihabitans Kodoma, , 1985 Pseudomonas oryzihabtians is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium that can cause peritonitis, septicemia, endophthalmitis, and bacteremia. ... Endophthalmitis is an inflammation of the internal coats of the eye. ... Sepsis (in Greek Σήψις) is a serious medical condition caused by a severe systemic infection leading to a systemic inflammatory response. ... Bacteremia (Bacteræmia in British English, also known as blood poisoning or toxemia) is the presence of bacteria in the blood. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas luteola Kodoma, , 1985 Pseudomonas luteola (formerly known as Chryseomonas luteola[1]) is gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium that can cause peritonitis, cellulitis, and bacteremia[2]. It has also been shown to reduce and hence de-colour azo dyes[3]. The type strain is ATCC 43273. ...

P. plecoglossicida is a fish pathogenic species, causing hemorrhagic ascites in the ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis).^[16] P. anguilliseptica is also a fish pathogen.^[17] Binomial name Pseudomonas plecoglossicida Nishimori, , 2000 Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is a non-fluorescent, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium that causes hemorrhagic ascites in the ayu fish (Plecoglossus altivelis)[1]. The type strain is ATCC 700383. ... Binomial name Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) This is an article about a fish ayu. For a Japanese singer, see Ayumi Hamasaki. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas anguilliseptica Wakabayashi and Egusa 1972 Pseudomonas anguilliseptica is a bacteria that is pathogenic to fish. ...

Due to their hemolytic activity, even non-pathogenic species of Pseudomonas can occasionally become a problem in clinical settings, where they have been known to infect blood transfusions.^[18]

Plant pathogens

P. syringae is a prolific plant pathogen. It exists as over 50 different pathovars, many of which demonstrate a high degree of host plant specificity. There are numerous other Pseudomonas species that can act as plant pathogens, notably all of the other members of the P. syringae subgroup, but P. syringae is the most widespread and best studied. Binomial name Pseudomonas syringae Van Hall, 1904 Pseudomonas syringae is a rod shaped, Gram-negative bacterium, with polar flagella. ...

Although not strictly a plant pathogen, P. tolaasii can be a major agricultural problem, as it can cause bacterial blotch of cultivated mushrooms.^[19]. Similarly, P. agarici can cause drippy gill in cultivated mushrooms.^[20] Binomial name Pseudomonas tolaasii Paine 1919 Pseudomonas tolaasii is a soil bacteria that is the causal agent of bacterial blotch on cultivated mushrooms[1]. The type strain is NCPPB 2192. ... Basidiocarps (mushrooms) of the fungus Leucocoprinus sp. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas agarici Young 1970. ...

Use as biocontrol agents

Since the mid 1980s, certain members of the Pseudomonas genus have been applied to cereal seeds or applied directly to soils as a way of preventing the growth or establishment of crop pathogens. This practice is generically referred to as biocontrol. The biocontrol properties of P. fluorescens strains (CHA0 or Pf-5 for example) are currently best understood, although it is not clear exactly how the plant growth promoting properties of P. fluorescens are achieved. Theories include: that the bacteria might induce systemic resistance in the host plant, so it can better resist attack by a true pathogen; the bacteria might out compete other (pathogenic) soil microbes, e.g. by siderophores giving a competitive advantage at scavenging for iron; the bacteria might produce compounds antagonistic to other soil microbes, such as phenazine-type antibiotics or hydrogen cyanide. There is experimental evidence to support all of these theories, in certain conditions; a good review of the topic is written by Haas and Defago^[21]. Biological control of pests and diseases Overview A key belief of the organic gardener is that diversity furthers health. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula, 1895 Pseudomonas fluorescens is a common Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that secretes a soluble fluorescent pigment called fluorescein. ... A Siderophore (Greek for iron carrier) is an iron chelating compound secreted by microorganisms. ... Phenazine Phenazine (C12H8N2 or C6H4N2C6H4), also called azophenylene, dibenzo-p-diazine, dibenzopyrazine, and acridizine, is the parent substance of many dyestuffs, such as the eurhodines, toluylene red, indulines and safranines. ... Hydrogen cyanide is a chemical compound with chemical formula HCN. A solution of hydrogen cyanide in water is called hydrocyanic acid. ...

Other notable Pseudomonas species with biocontrol properties include P. chlororaphis which produces a phenazine type antibiotic active agent against certain fungal plant pathogens^[22], and the closely related species P. aurantiaca which produces di-2,4-diacetylfluoroglucylmethan, a compound antibiotically active against Gram-positive organisms^[23]. Binomial name Pseudomonas chlororaphis (Guignard and Sauvageau 1894) Bergey, 1930 Pseudomonas chlororaphis is a bacteria used as a soil inoculant in agriculture and horticulture. ... Phenazine Phenazine (C12H8N2 or C6H4N2C6H4), also called azophenylene, dibenzo-p-diazine, dibenzopyrazine, and acridizine, is the parent substance of many dyestuffs, such as the eurhodines, toluylene red, indulines and safranines. ... Staphylococcus aureus - Antibiotics test plate. ... Subkingdom/Phyla Chytridiomycota Blastocladiomycota Neocallimastigomycota Glomeromycota Zygomycota Dikarya (inc. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas aurantiaca Nachimovskaya 1948 Pseudomonas aurantiaca is an orange Gram negative soil bacterium, originally isolated from the rhizosphere soil of potatoes, that produces di-2,4-diacetylfluoroglucylmethan, which is antibiotically active against Gram positive organisms[1]. It has shown potential for use as a biocontrol agent against plant... Staphylococcus aureus - Antibiotics test plate. ... Gram-positive bacteria are those that are stained dark blue or violet by gram staining, in contrast to gram-negative bacteria, which are not affected by the stain. ...

Use as bioremediation agents

Some members of the genus Pseudomonas are able to metabolise chemical pollutants in the environment, and as a result can be used for bioremediation. Notable species demonstrated as suitable for use as bioremediation agents include: Bioremediation can be defined as any process that uses microorganisms, fungi, green plants or their enzymes to return the environment altered by contaminants to its original condition. ...

• P. alcaligenes, which can degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.^[24]
• P. mendocina, which is able to degrade toluene.^[25]
• P. pseudoalcaligenes is able to use cyanide as a nitrogen source.^[26]
• P. resinovorans can degrade carbazole.^[27]
• P. veronii has been shown to degrade a variety of simple aromatic organic compounds.^[28][29]
• P. putida has the ability to degrade organic solvents such as toluene.^[30] At least one strain of this bacterium is able to convert morphine in aqueous solution into the stronger and somewhat expensive to manufacture drug hydromorphone (Dilaudid®).
• Strain KC of P. stutzeri is able to degrade carbon tetrachloride.^[31]

Binomial name Pseudomonas alcaligenes Monias 1928 Pseudomonas alcaligenes is an aerobic bacteria used as a soil inoculant in agriculture and horticulture. ... An illustration of typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas mendocina Palleroni 1970 Pseudomonas mendocina is an environmental bacteria that can cause opportunistic nosocomial infections, such as infective endocarditis[1]. The type strain is ATCC 25411. ... Toluene, also known as methylbenzene or phenylmethane is a clear, water-insoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners, redolent of the sweet smell of the related compound benzene. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes Monias 1928 Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes is an aerobic, Gram negative soil bacterium that was first isolated from swimming pool water[1]. The type strain is ATCC 14909. ... The cyanide ion, CN−. From the top: 1. ... General Name, symbol, number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, period, block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless gas Standard atomic weight 14. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas resinovorans Delaporte, 1961 Pseudomonas resinovorans is a Gram negative soil bacterium that is commonly found in the lubricating oils of wood mills[1]. The type strain is ATCC 14235. ... Chemical structure of carbazole Carbazole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas veronii Elomari, 1996 Pseudomonas veronii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, fluorescent, motile bacterium isolated from natural springs in France[1]. It may be used for bioremediation of contaminated soils, as it has been shown to degrade a variety of simple aromatic compounds[2][3]. The type... In chemistry, an aromatic molecule is one in which electrons are free to cycle around circular arrangements of atoms, which are alternately singly and doubly bonded to one another. ... Organic may refer to: Look up organic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Pseudomonas putida is a flagellated rod-shaped bacterium that has the ability to degrade organic solvents. ... Toluene, also known as methylbenzene or phenylmethane is a clear, water-insoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners, redolent of the sweet smell of the related compound benzene. ... Morphine (INN) (IPA: ) is a highly potent opiate analgesic drug and is the principal active agent in opium and the prototypical opiate. ... Hydromorphone is a drug developed in Germany in the 1920s and introduced to the mass market beginning in 1926. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas stutzeri (Lehmann and Neumann 1896) Sijderius 1946 Pseudomonas stutzeri is a Gram negative, rod-shaped, motile, single polar-flagellated, soil bacteria[1][2]. Unlike many other members of the genus Pseudomonas, it is not fluorescent. ... R-phrases , , , , S-phrases , , , , , Flash point Non flammable Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ...

Food spoilage agents

As a result of their metabolic diversity, ability to grow at low temperatures and ubiquitous nature, many Pseudomonas can cause food spoilage. Notable examples include dairy spoilage by P. fragi,^[32] mustiness in eggs caused by P. taetrolens and P. mudicolens,^[33] and P. lundensis, which causes spoilage of milk, cheese, meat, and fish.^[34] Binomial name Pseudomonas fragi (Eichholz 1902) Gruber 1905 Pseudomonas fragi is a psychrophilic, Gram-negative bacterium that is responsible for dairy spoilage[1]. Unlike many other members of the Pseudomonas genus, does not produce siderophores[2]. The type strain is ATCC 4973. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas taetrolens Haynes 1957 Pseudomonas taetrolens is a Gram negative, non-sporulating, motile, rod bacteria that causes mustiness in eggs[1]. The type strain is ATCC 4683. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas mucidolens Levine and Anderson 1932 Pseudomonas mucidolens is a Gram negative, non-sporulating, motile, rod bacteria that causes mustiness in eggs[1]. The type strain is ATCC 4685. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas lundensis Molin, Pseudomonas lundensis is a Gram negative rod bacteria that often causes spoilage of milk, cheese, meat, and fish[1]. The type strain is ATCC 49968. ... A glass of cows milk. ... Cheese is a solid food made from the milk of cows, goats, sheep, and other mammals. ... Kinnikuman character, see Meat Alexandria. ... Fish as a food describes the edible parts of water-dwelling, cold-blooded vertebrates with gills, as well as certain other water-dwelling animals such as mollusks, crustaceans, and shellfish. ...

Species previously classified in the genus Pseudomonas

Recently, 16S rRNA sequence analysis redefined the taxonomy of many bacterial species previously classified as being in the Pseudomonas genus.^[1] Species which moved from the Pseudomonas genus are listed below; clicking on a species will show its new classification. Note that the term 'Pseudomonad' does not apply strictly to just the Pseudomonas genus, and can be used to also include previous members such as the genera Burkholderia and Ralstonia. Species Burkholderia ambifaria Burkholderia andropogonis Burkholderia anthina Burkholderia brasilensis Burkholderia caledonica Burkholderia caribensis Burkholderia caryophylli Burkholderia cenocepacia Burkholderia cepacia Burkholderia cepacia complex Burkholderia dolosa Burkholderia fungorum Burkholderia gladioli Burkholderia glathei Burkholderia glumae Burkholderia graminis Burkholderia hospita Burkholderia kururiensis Burkholderia mallei Burkholderia multivorans Burkholderia phenazinium Burkholderia phymatum Burkholderia phytofirmans Burkholderia plantarii... Species Ralstonia basilensis Ralstonia campinensis Ralstonia eutropha Ralstonia gilardii Ralstonia insidiosa Ralstonia mannitolilytica Ralstonia metallidurans Ralstonia oxalatica Ralstonia paucula Ralstonia pickettii Ralstonia respiraculi Ralstonia solanacearum Ralstonia syzygii Ralstonia taiwanensis Ralstonia is a genus of proteobacteria, previously included in the genus Pseudomonas. ...

α proteobacteria: P. abikonensis, P. aminovorans, P. azotocolligans, P. carboxydohydrogena, P. carboxidovorans, P. compransoris, P. diminuta, P. echinoides, P. extorquens, P. lindneri, P. mesophilica, P. paucimobilis, P. radiora, P. rhodos, P. riboflavina, P. rosea, P. vesicularis. Binomial name Synonyms Pseudomonas abikonensis Sphingomonas abikonensis is a species of Gram-negative proteobacteria. ... Binomial name (den Dooren de Jong 1926) Urakami et al. ... Binomial name Kämpfer et al. ... Type species Bradyrhizobium japonicum Species B. betae B. canariense B. elkanii B. japonicum B. liaoningense B. yuanmingense incertae sedis Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena Bradyrhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria, many of which fix nitrogen. ... Binomial name (ex Meyer and Schlegel 1978) Meyer et al. ... Binomial name (ex Nozhevnikova and Zavarzin 1974) Meyer et al. ... Binomial name (Heumann 1962) Denner et al. ... Binomial name (Urakami and Komagata 1984) Bousfield and Green 1985 Synonyms Bacillus extorquens Bassalik 1913 Vibrio extorquens (Bassalik 1913) Bhat and Barker 1948 Pseudomonas extorquens (Bassalik 1913) Krasilnikov 1949 Flavobacterium extorquens (Bassalik 1913) Bassalik et al. ... Binomial name Zymomonas mobilis Zymomonas mobilis is a bacterium belonging to the genus Zymomonas. ... Binomial name (Austin and Goodfellow 1979) Green and Bousfield 1983 Synonyms Pseudomonas mesophilica Austin and Goodfellow 1979 Methylobacterium mesophilicum is a Gram-negative soil bacterium. ... Binomial name (Holmes et al. ... Binomial name corrig. ... Binomial name corrig. ... Binomial name (ex Foster 1944) Nakagawa et al. ... Binomial name (Urakami and Komagata 1984) Bousfield and Green 1985 Synonyms Bacillus extorquens Bassalik 1913 Vibrio extorquens (Bassalik 1913) Bhat and Barker 1948 Pseudomonas extorquens (Bassalik 1913) Krasilnikov 1949 Flavobacterium extorquens (Bassalik 1913) Bassalik et al. ...

β proteobacteria: P. acidovorans, P. alliicola, P. antimicrobica, P. avenae, P. butanovorae, P. caryophylli, P. cattleyae, P. cepacia, P. cocovenenans, P. delafieldii, P. facilis, P. flava, P. gladioli, P. glathei, P. glumae, P. graminis, P. huttiensis, P. indigofera, P. lanceolata, P. lemoignei, P. mallei, P. mephitica, P. mixta, P. palleronii, P. phenazinium, P. pickettii, P. plantarii, P. pseudoflava, P. pseudomallei, P. pyrrocinia, P. rubrilineans, P. rubrisubalbicans, P. saccharophila, P. solanacearum, P. spinosa, P. syzygii, P. taeniospiralis, P. terrigena, P. testosteroni. Binomial name Burkholderia gladioli (Zopf 1885) Yabuuchi 1993 Burkholderia gladioli is a soil bacteria that includes the former Burkholderia cocovenenans (which was previously classified as Pseudomonas cocovenenans) and is responsible for food poisoning, especially in China. ... Binomial name Burkholderia gladioli (Zopf 1885) Yabuuchi 1993 Burkholderia gladioli is a soil bacteria that includes the former Burkholderia cocovenenans (which was previously classified as Pseudomonas cocovenenans) and is responsible for food poisoning, especially in China. ... Binomial name (Manns 1909) Willems et al. ... Type species Thauera selenatis Species incertae sedis Pseudomonas butanovora Thauera is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. ... Binomial name Burkholderia caryophylli Starr & Burkholder Burkholderia caryophilli (previously known as Pseudomonas caryophilli) is a plant pathogenic bacterium, which can cause wilt, foot and root rot on carnation. ... Binomial name (Manns 1909) Willems et al. ... Burkholderia cepacia complex or simply Burkholderia cepacia is a group of catalase-producing, non-lactose-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria composed of at least seven different species, including Burkholderia multivorans, Burkholderia vietnamiensis, Burkholderia stabilis, and Burkholderia ambifaria. ... Binomial name (Zopf 1885) Yabuuchi 1993 Type strain ATCC 10248 CCUG 1782 CFBP 2427 CIP 105410 DSM 4285 HAMBI 2157 ICMP 3950 JCM 9311 LMG 2216 NBRC 13700 NCCB 38018 NCPPB 1891 NCTC 12378 NRRL B-793 Synonyms Pseudomonas gladioli Severini 1913 Burkholderia cocovenenans (van Damme et al. ... Binomial name (Davis 1970) Willems et al. ... Binomial name Acidovorax facilis Acidovorax facilis is a bacteria used as a soil inoculant in agriculture and horticulture. ... Binomial name (Niklewski 1910) Willems 1989 Type strain ATCC 33667 CCUG 1658 CCUG 22894 CFBP 2438 CIP 103271 DSM 619 JCM 21413 LMG 2185 Synonyms Pseudomonas flava (Niklewski 1910) Davis 1969 Hydrogenomonas flava Niklewski 1910 Hydrogenophaga flava is a species of Comamonad bacteria. ... Binomial name Burkholderia gladioli (Zopf 1885) Yabuuchi 1993 Burkholderia gladioli is a soil bacteria that includes the former Burkholderia cocovenenans (which was previously classified as Pseudomonas cocovenenans) and is responsible for food poisoning, especially in China. ... Binomial name (Zolg and Ottow 1975) Viallard et al. ... Binomial name (Kurita and Tabei 1967) Urakami et al. ... Binomial name Viallard et al. ... Binomial name Type strain ATCC 14670 CIP 103296 DSM 10281 IAM 14941 JCM 21423 LMG 2199 Synonyms Pseudomonas huttiensis Leifson 1962 Herbaspirillum huttiense is a species of Gram-negative bacteria. ... Binomial name (Voges 1893) Grimes et al. ... Genera Acidovorax Aquabacterium Brachymonas Comamonas Delftia Hydrogenophaga Ideonella Leptothrix Polaromonas Rhodoferax Roseateles Sphaerotilus Tepidimonas Thiomonas Variovorax The Comamonadaceae are a family of Proteobacteria. ... Binomial name (Delafield et al. ... Binomial name Burkholderia mallei (Zopf 1885) Yabuuchi 1993 Burkholderia mallei (previously Pseudomonas mallei, Malleomyces mallei) is a gram-negative bipolar aerobic bacterium, a Burkholderia-genus human and animal pathogen causing Glanders; the Latin name of this disease (malleus) gave name to the causative agent species. ... Binomial name (Bowman et al. ... Binomial name (Bell and Turner 1973) Viallard et al. ... Binomial name (Ralston et al. ... Binomial name (Azegami et al. ... Binomial name Burkholderia pseudomallei (Whitmore 1913) Yabuuchi et al. ... Binomial name (Imanaka et al. ... Binomial name (Manns 1909) Willems et al. ... Ralstonia solanacearum is a plant pathogenic soil bacterium, previously classified as Pseudomonas solanacearum. ... Species H. flava Hydrogenophaga is a genus of Comamonad bacteria, several of which were formerly classified in the genus Pseudomonas. ... Binomial name (Roberts et al. ... Binomial name (Marcus and Talalay 1956) Tamaoka et al. ...

γ-β proteobacteria: P. beteli, P. boreopolis, P. cissicola, P. geniculata, P. hibiscicola, P. maltophilia, P. pictorum. Species S. maltophilia Stenotrophomonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. ... Species X. albilineans X. ampelina X. arboricola X. axonopodis X. bromi X. campestris X. cassavae X. citri X. codiaei X. cucurbitae X. cynarae X. euvesicatoria X. frageriae X. gardneri X. hortorum X. hyacinthi X. melonis X. oryzae X. perforans X. phaseoli X. pisi X. populi X. sacchari X. theicola X... Species X. albilineans X. ampelina X. arboricola X. axonopodis X. bromi X. campestris X. cassavae X. citri X. codiaei X. cucurbitae X. cynarae X. euvesicatoria X. frageriae X. gardneri X. hortorum X. hyacinthi X. melonis X. oryzae X. perforans X. phaseoli X. pisi X. populi X. sacchari X. theicola X... Species S. maltophilia Stenotrophomonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. ... Species S. maltophilia Stenotrophomonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. ... Binomial name Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Palleroni & Bradbury 1993 Synonyms Pseudomonas maltophilia (ex Hugh and Ryschenkow 1961) Hugh 1981 Xanthomonas maltophilia (Hugh 1981) Swings et al. ... Species S. maltophilia Stenotrophomonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. ...

γ proteobacteria: P. beijerinckii, P. diminuta, P. doudoroffii, P. elongata, P. flectens, P. halodurans, P. halophila, P. iners, P. marina, P. nautica, P. nigrifaciens, P. pavonacea, P. piscicida, P. stanieri. Type species Chromohalobacter marismortui Species C. beijerinckii The Chromohalobacter are a genus of Proteobacteria. ... Families & Genera Aeromonadaceae    Aeromonas    Tolumonas Succinivibrionaceae    Anerobiospirillum    Ruminobacter    Succinimonas    Succinivibrio The Aeromonadales are an order of Proteobacteria, with six genera in two families. ... Synonyms Pseudomonas elongata Humm 1946 Microbulbifer elongatus is a Gram-negative marine bacterium. ... Genera see text The Enterobacteriaceae are a large family of bacteria, including many of the more familiar pathogens, such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli. ... Binomial name Hebert and Vreeland 1987 Halomonas halodurans is a Gram-negative halophilic Proteobacteria. ... Type species Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus Species M. hydrocarbonoclasticus Marinobacter is a genus of Proteobacteria found in sea water. ... Binomial name (González et al. ... Families Alcanivorax Carnimonas Chromohalobacter Deleya Halomonas Volcaniella Zymobacter The Halomonadaceae are a family of Proteobacteria. ... Binomial name Gauthier et al. ... Binomial name (Baumann et al. ... Species A. baumannii A. lwoffii etc. ... Binomial name (ex Bein 1954) Gauthier et al. ... Binomial name (Baumann et al. ...

δ proteobacteria: P. formicans.

References

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

See Also

• Pseudomonas phage Φ6

Φ6 is the best-studied bacteriophage of the virus family Cystoviridae. ...

External links

General

• Pseudomonas survive in nuclear reactor
• Pseudomonas genome database