Gold burial mask of King Psusennes I, discovered 1940 by Pierre Montet.

21st Dyn.—Psusennes I in hieroglyphs
praenomen or throne name
nomen or birth name

Akheperre Psusennes I, Pseusennes I or [Greek Ψουσέννης], or Hor-Pasebakhaenniut I [Egyptian ḥr-p3-sb3-ḫˁỉ-<n>-nỉwt] was the third king of the Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt who ruled between 1039 BC – 990 BC. His name means "The Star Appearing in the City". Image File history File links Psusennes_I_Mask. ... Image File history File links Psusennes_I_Mask. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... Pierre Montet (1885 — 1966) was a French Egyptologist. ... It has been suggested that Hieroglyph (French Wiki article) be merged into this article or section. ... copied from http://fi. ... copied from http://fi. ... copied from http://fi. ... copied from http://fi. ... Pharaoh is a title used to refer to any ruler, usually male, of the Egyptian kingdom in the pre-Christian, pre-Islamic period. ... Known rulers, in the History of Egypt, for the Twenty-First Dynasty. ...

Professor Pierre Montet discovered Psusennes' intact tomb (No. 3 or NRT III in Tanis) in 1940.[1] Unfortunately, due to its moist Lower Egypt location, most of the "perishable" wood objects were destroyed by water — a fate not shared by KV62, the tomb of Tutankhamun in the drier climate of Upper Egypt. Psusennes' outer and middle sarcophagi had been recycled from previous burials in the Valley of the Kings, a state-sanctioned tomb-robbing that was common practice in the Third Intermediate Period. A cartouche on the red outer sarcophagus shows that it was originally made for the Pharaoh Merneptah, the nineteenth dynasty successor of Ramses II. Dr. Douglass Derry, who worked in the Cairo University's Anatomy Department, examined the king's remains in 1940^[1]. He noted that Psusennes I's teeth were badly worn and full of cavities, and observed that the king suffered from extensive arthritis and was probably crippled by this condition in his final years. Psusennes' precise reign length is unknown because different copies of Manetho's records credit him with a reign of 41 to 46 Years. Some Egyptologists have proposed raising the 41 year figure by a decade to 51 years to more closely match Psusennes' known historical dates. However, his reign was certainly long since he is attested by at least two separate Year 49 dates. Psusennes I is believed to have initiated a brief coregency with his son, Amenemope for c.2 years. This coregency is attested on a Mummy bandage – now lost – which equates "[Year X] of Amenemopet to Year 49 [of Psusennes I]."^[2] Psusennes I's reign is significant because it marked the first time that a son of one of the Theban High Priests of Amun--Pinedjem I--became king in Lower Egypt. Psusennes I, hence, enjoyed cordial family ties with other serving High Priests in Thebes during his long reign. Pierre Montet (1885 — 1966) was a French Egyptologist. ... Tanis or The ruins of Tanis in 2004 Tanis (Τάνις), the Greek name of ancient Djanet (modern صان الحجر Ṣān al-Ḥaǧar), is a city in the north-eastern Nile delta of Egypt. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... Map of Upper and Lower Egypt Ancient Egypt was divided into two kingdoms, known as Upper and Lower Egypt. ... The pharaohs solid gold funerary mask was laid to rest with him in KV62 The wall decorations in KV62s burial chamber are modest in comparison to other tombs in the Valley Tomb KV62 in Egypts Valley of the Kings is the Tomb of Tutankhamun, famous the world... Nebkheperure Lord of the forms of Re Nomen Tutankhaten Living Image of the Aten Tutankhamun Hekaiunushema Living Image of Amun, ruler of Upper Heliopolis Horus name Kanakht Tutmesut The strong bull, pleasing of birth Nebty name Neferhepusegerehtawy One of perfect laws, who pacifies the two lands[1] Wer-Ah-Amun... Map of Upper and Lower Egypt Ancient Egypt was divided into two kingdoms, known as Upper and Lower Egypt. ... View over the East Valley The Valley of the Kings, or Wadi el-Muluk (وادي الملوك) in Arabic, is a valley in Egypt where tombs were built for the Pharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom, the Eighteenth through Twentieth Dynasties of Ancient Egypt. ... The Third Intermediate Period is a phrase used to refer the period of the history of Ancient Egypt from the death of pharaoh Rameses XI in 1070 BC to the foundation of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty by Psamtik I, following the expulsion of the Nubian rulers of the Twenty-fifth... In Egyptian hieroglyphs, a cartouche is an oblong enclosure with a vertical line at one end, indicating that the text enclosed is a royal name, coming into use during the beginning of the Fourth Dynasty under Pharaoh Sneferu. ... Merneptah (occasionally: Merenptah) was pharaoh of Ancient Egypt (1213 – 1203 BC), the fourth ruler of the 19th Dynasty. ... Known rulers, in the History of Egypt, for the Nineteenth Dynasty. ... Usermaatre-setepenre The Justice of Re is Powerful, Chosen of Re Nomen Ramesses (meryamun) Born of Re, (Beloved of Amun) Horus name Kanakht Merymaa Nebty name Mekkemetwafkhasut Golden Horus Userrenput-aanehktu Consort(s) Isetnofret, Nefertari Maathorneferure Issues Bintanath, Khaemweset, Merneptah, Amun-her-khepsef Meritamen Father Seti I Mother Queen Tuya... Pinedjem I was the high priest of Amun at Thebes in Ancient Egypt 1070 BC to 1032 and de facto ruler of the south of the country. ...

While some authors, including New Chronology followers claim that Psusennes I may actually be identical with Psusennes II, this is impossible because Psusennes II is clearly distinguished from Psusennes I by Manetho and is given an independent reign of 14/15 years in the author's Epitome. Moreover, Psusenness II's royal name has been found associated with his successor, Shoshenq I in a graffito from tomb TT18, and in an ostracon from Umm el-Qa'ab.^[3] This shows that Shoshenq I was Psusennes II's successor. In contrast, Psusennes I died almost 40-45 years before Shoshenq I's appearance as Chief of the Ma (the Meshwesh), let alone King of Egypt. The New Chronology of Anatoly Timofeevich Fomenko is an attempt to rewrite world chronology, based on his conclusion that world chronology as we know it today is fundamentally flawed. ... nomen or birth name Tyetkheperre Psusennes II [Greek Ψουσέννης], or Hor-Pasebakhaenniut II [Egyptian ḥr-p3-sb3-ḫˁỉ-<n>-nỉwt], is the final king of the Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt. ... Manetho, also known as Manethon of Sebennytos, was an Egyptian historian and priest from Sebennytos who lived during the Ptolematic era, circa 3rd century BC. Manetho recorded Aegyptiaca (History of Egypt). ... nomen or birth name Hedjkheperre Setepenre Shoshenq I (Egyptian ššnq), also known as Sheshonk or Sheshonq I (for discussion of the spelling, see Shoshenq), was a Meshwesh Libyan king of Egypt and founder of the Twenty-second Dynasty. ... The Graffito (archaeology), {plural Graffiti), have been created by humans, since Homo sapiens have been traversing this planet. ... An ostracon with Pericles name written on it (c. ... General view of area, showing littering of pots Umm el-Qaab (or sometimes Umm el Gaab) is the necropolis of the Early Dynastic kings at Abydos, in Egypt. ... The Meshwesh (often abbreviated in ancient Egyptian as Ma) were an ancient Libyan (i. ...

References

1. ^ Douglass Derry, Volume 40(1940) of ASAE
2. ^ K.A. Kitchen, The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (c.1100-650 BC), Warminster 3rd ed: 1996., pp.24-25 and p.29
3. ^ Aidan Dodson, "Psusennes II and Shoshenq I," JEA 79(1993), pp.267-268

• Bob Brier, Egyptian Mummies : Unraveling the Secrets of an Ancient Art, William Morrow & Co, (1994), pp.146-147.
• K.A. Kitchen 'The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt', 3rd ed, (Warminster: 1996), Aris & Phillips Limited
• Jean Yoyotte, BSSFT 1(1988) 46 n.2.