NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants

The general group of pharmacological agents commonly known as hallucinogens can be divided into three broad categories: psychedelics, dissociatives, and deliriants. These classes of psychoactive drugs have in common that they can cause subjective changes in perception, thought, emotion and consciousness. Unlike other psychoactive drugs, such as stimulants and opioids, the hallucinogens do not merely amplify familiar states of mind, but rather induce experiences that are qualitatively different from those of ordinary consciousness. These experiences are often compared to non-ordinary forms of consciousness such as trance, meditation, conversion experiences, and dreams. Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmakos (Ï†Î¬ÏÎ¼Î±ÎºÎ¿Î½) meaning drug, and logos (Î»ÏŒÎ³Î¿Ï‚) meaning science) is the study of how substances interact with living organisms to produce a change in function. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Dissociative drugs are a class of psychedelic drugs characterized by intense feelings of depersonalization, derealization, and analgesia. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... In psychology and the cognitive sciences, perception is the process of acquiring, interpreting, selecting, and organizing sensory information. ... Personification of thought (Greek Î•Î½Î½Î¿Î¹Î±) in Celsus Library in Ephesos, Turkey Thought or thinking is a mental process which allows beings to model the world, and so to deal with it effectively according to their goals, plans, ends and desires. ... Emotional redirects here. ... Consciousness is a quality of the mind generally regarded to comprise qualities such as subjectivity, self-awareness, sentience, sapience, and the ability to perceive the relationship between oneself and ones environment. ... A psychoactive drug or psychotropic substance is a chemical substance that acts primarily upon the central nervous system where it alters brain function, resulting in temporary changes in perception, mood, consciousness and behavior. ... A stimulant is a drug which increases the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and produces a sense of euphoria or awakeness. ... An opioid is any agent that binds to opioid receptors found principally in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. ... Trance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... A large statue in Bangalore depicting Shiva meditating Meditation describes a state of concentrated attention on some object of thought or awareness. ... Dreaming is the subjective experience of imaginary images, sounds/voices, thoughts or sensations during sleep, usually involuntarily. ...

One thing that most of these drugs do not do, despite the ingrained usage of the term hallucinogen, is to cause hallucinations. Hallucinations, strictly speaking, are perceptions that have no basis in reality, but that appear entirely realistic. A typical "hallucination" induced by a psychedelic drug is more accurately described as a modification of regular perception, and the subject is usually quite aware of the illusory and personal nature of their perceptions. Some less common drugs, such as dimethyltryptamine and atropine, may cause hallucinations in the proper sense. A hallucination is a false sensory perception in the absence of an external stimulus, as distinct from an illusion, which is a misperception of an external stimulus. ... Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), also known as N,N-dimethyltryptamine, is a psychedelic tryptamine. ... Atropine is a tropane alkaloid extracted from the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and other plants of the family Solanaceae. ...

Psychedelics, dissociatives, and deliriants have a long history of use within medicinal and religious traditions around the world. They are used in shamanic forms of ritual healing and divination, in initiation rites, and in the religious rituals of syncretistic movements such as União do Vegetal, Santo Daime, and the Native American Church. When used in religious practice, psychedelic drugs, as well as other substances like tobacco, are referred to as entheogens. Specifically, Shaman (saman) is a term in Evenk, Manchu and other Manchu-Tungus languages for an intellectual and spiritual figure; who usually possess power and influence on other peoples in the tribe and performs several functions, one of which is analogous to the function of a healer in other cultures. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... This article is about the religious practice of divination. ... Initiation rites are formalized, ceremonial rites of passage as an individual moves from stage to stage within a social career or formally acquires such status. ... Syncretism is the attempt to reconcile disparate, even opposing, beliefs and to meld practices of various schools of thought. ... UniÃ£o do Vegetal (Centro EspÃrita Beneficente UniÃ£o do Vegetal or UDV) is a church which is known fundamentally for its usage of Hoasca (or Ayahuasca) as a sacramental entheogenic herbal tea â€” the vegetal alluded to in the name of the entity. ... Santo Daime is a syncretic spiritual practice, which grew out of the Brazilian Amazonian state of Acre in the 1930s and became a worldwide movement in the 1990s. ... Native American Church Native American Church, a religious denomination which practices Peyotism or Peyote religion, originated in the U.S. state of Oklahoma, and is the most widespread indigenous religion among Native Americans. ... Shredded tobacco leaf for pipe smoking Tobacco can also be pressed into plugs and sliced into flakes Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the fresh leaves of plants in genus Nicotiana. ... Entheogens are psychoactive substances that have traditionally been used in a religious context, such as psilocybin-containing mushrooms and Peyote cactuses. ...

Dr. Albert Hofmann, whose discovery of LSD led to wide-spread Western interest in psychedelics

Starting in the mid-20th century, psychedelic drugs have been the object of extensive attention in the Western world. They have been explored as potential therapeutic agents in treating depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, Obsessive-compulsive disorder, alcoholism, opioid addiction, cluster headaches, and other ailments. Early military research focused on their use as incapacitating agents. Intelligence agencies tested these drugs in the hope that they would provide an effective means of interrogation, with little success. Image File history File linksMetadata Albert_Hofmann_Oct_1993. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Albert_Hofmann_Oct_1993. ... Dr. Dr. Albert Hofmann (born January 11, 1906) is a prominent Swiss scientist best known as the father of LSD. He was born in Baden, Switzerland, and studied chemistry at the University of ZÃ¼rich. ... Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly called LSD, LSD-25, or acid. ... Clinical depression (also called major depressive disorder, or unipolar depression when compared to bipolar disorder) is a state of intense sadness, melancholia or despair that has advanced to the point of being disruptive to an individuals social functioning and/or activities of daily living. ... Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a term for certain severe psychological consequences of exposure to, or confrontation with, stressful events that the person experiences as highly traumatic. ... Alcoholism is the consumption of, or preoccupation with, alcoholic beverages to the extent that this behavior interferes with the drinkers normal personal, family, social, or work life, and may lead to physical or mental harm. ... Cluster headaches are rare, extremely painful and debilitating headaches that occur in groups or clusters. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...

Yet the most popular, and at the same time most stigmatized, use of psychedelics in Western culture has been associated with the search for direct religious experience, enhanced creativity, personal development, and "mind expansion". The use of psychedelic drugs was a major element of the 1960s counterculture, where it became associated with various political movements and a general atmosphere of rebellion and strife between generations. In religious experience, or sacred experience, the believer comes in contact with transcendental reality. ... Look up Creativity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ...

Despite prohibition, the recreational, spiritual, and medical use of psychedelics continues today. Organizations, such as Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies and the Heffter Research Institute, have arisen that sponsor research into their safety and effects, and advocacy groups such as the Center for Cognitive Liberty and Ethics push for their legalization. The Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) is a non-profit organization that aims to assist scientists to design, fund, obtain approval for and report on studies into the risks and benefits of MDMA, psychedelic drugs and marijuana. ... The Heffter Research Institute was founded in 1993 to support and promote investigation into the medical uses of psychedelic hallucinogens. ... The Center for Cognitive Liberty and Ethics is an non-profit organization that encourages and protects freedom of thought. ...

Psychedelics

Main article: psychedelic drug

"Blotter" LSD

The word psychedelic (From Ancient Greek ψυχή (psychê) mind, soul + δηλος (dêlos) manifest, visible + -ic) was coined to express the idea of a drug that makes manifest some hidden but quite real aspect of the mind. It is commonly applied to any drug with perception-altering effects such as LSD, psilocybin, DMT, 2C-B, mescaline, and DOM as well as a panoply of other tryptamines, phenethylamines and yet more exotic chemicals, all of which appear to act mainly on the 5-HT2A receptor. Common herbal sources of psychedelics include psilocybe mushrooms, various ayahuasca preparations, peyote, San Pedro cactus, and the seeds of morning glory and Hawaiian baby woodrose. Psychedelic drugs are psychoactive drugs whose primary action is to alter the thought processes of the brain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2705x1845, 3158 KB) Timbres ou buvard imprÃ©gnÃ©s de LSD color saturation increased, cropped a bit (by en:User:Cacycle) Source: www. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2705x1845, 3158 KB) Timbres ou buvard imprÃ©gnÃ©s de LSD color saturation increased, cropped a bit (by en:User:Cacycle) Source: www. ... Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly called LSD, LSD-25, or acid. ... Note: This article contains special characters. ... Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly called LSD, LSD-25, or acid. ... Psilocybin (also known as psilocybine) is a psychedelic alkaloid of the tryptamine family, found in psilocybin mushrooms. ... Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), also known as N,N-dimethyltryptamine, is a psychedelic tryptamine. ... 2C-B, or 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxybenzeneethanamine) is a class of phenethylamine, a lesser-known psychedelic drug of the 2C family, an entactogen. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... DOM (or STP, allegedly standing for Serenity, Tranquillity and Peace) is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug of the phenethylamine class of compounds, sometimes used as an entheogen. ... Tryptamine (3-(2-aminoethyl)indole) is a monoamine compound that is widespread in nature. ... Phenethylamine is an alkaloid and monoamine. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... This article or section is missing citation of sources. ... Ayahuasca (Quechua, pronounced ) is any of various psychoactive infusions prepared from the Banisteriopsis spp. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Binomial name Echinopsis pachanoi (Britton and Rose) Friedrich and Rowley Synonyms Trichocereus pachanoi Britton & Rose The San Pedro cactus (Echinopsis pachanoi, syn. ... Morning glory flower An unopened spiral bud of a morning glory flower Morning glory is a common name for over 1,000 species of flowering plants in the family the Convolvulaceae, belonging to the following genera: Calystegia Convolvulus Ipomoea Merremia Rivea As the name implies, morning glory flowers, which are... Binomial name (Burm. ...

Perhaps because the psychedelic experience is so different from the experiences that our languages are commonly used to describe, much debate exists not only about the nature and causes, but even about the very description of the effects of psychedelic drugs. One prominent tradition involves the "reducing valve" concept, first articulated in Aldous Huxley's book The Doors of Perception.^[1] In this view, the drugs disable the brain's "filtering" ability to selectively prevent certain perceptions, emotions, memories and thoughts from ever reaching the conscious mind. This effect has been described as mind expanding, or consciousness expanding, for the drug "expands" the realm of experience available to conscious awareness. This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... The Doors of Perception is a 1954 book by Aldous Huxley detailing his experiences when taking mescaline. ...

Yet the most remarkable characteristic of psychedelic effects is how much they vary depending on the precise drug, dosage, set, and setting. "Trips" range between the short but intense effects of intravenous DMT to the protracted ibogaine experience, which can last for days. Appropriate dosage ranges from extremely low (LSD) to rather high (mescaline). Some drugs, like the auditory hallucinogen DIPT, act specifically to distort a single sense, and others have more diffuse effects on cognition generally. Some are more conducive to solitary experiences, while others are positively empathogenic. Indeed, the popular drug MDMA ("ecstasy") has virtually none of the classical psychedelic effects, and is often thought of as purely empathogenic and in a different category from the psychedelics altogether. Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), also known as N,N-dimethyltryptamine, is a psychedelic tryptamine. ... Ibogaine is an indole alkaloid, a long-acting hallucinogen which has gained attention due to its application in the treatment of opioid addiction and similar addiction syndromes. ... Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly called LSD, LSD-25, or acid. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... DIPT or diisopropyltryptamine is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug of the tryptamine family that has a unique effect. ... The terms empathogen and entactogen are different terms used to describe one class of hallucinogens that function as serotonin releasers; most of these are phenethylamines. ... ecstasy and religious ecstasy MDMA, most commonly known today by the street name ecstasy, is a synthetic entactogen of the phenethylamine family whose primary effect is to stimulate the brain to rapidly secrete large amounts of serotonin, causing a general sense of openness, empathy, energy, euphoria, and well-being. ... The terms empathogen and entactogen are different terms used to describe one class of hallucinogens that function as serotonin releasers; most of these are phenethylamines. ...

Many psychedelics (LSD, psilocybin, mescaline and numerous others) are extremely non-toxic, making it difficult to overdose on these compounds. Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly called LSD, LSD-25, or acid. ... Psilocybin (also known as psilocybine) is a psychedelic alkaloid of the tryptamine family, found in psilocybin mushrooms. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Dissociatives

Main article: dissociative drug

Salvia divinorum

Dissociatives are drugs that reduce (or block) signals to the conscious mind from other parts of the brain, typically (but not necessarily, or limited to) the physical senses. Such a state of sensory deprivation can facilitate self exploration, hallucinations, and dreamlike states of mind which may resemble some psychedelic mindstates. Essentially similar states of mind can be reached via contrasting paths—psychedelic or dissociative. That said, the entire experience, risks and benefits are markedly different. A dissociative is a drug which reduces (or blocks) signals to the conscious mind from other parts of the brain, typically, but not necessarily, or limited to the physical senses. ... Image File history File links Salviadivinorum. ... Image File history File links Salviadivinorum. ... Binomial name Epling & JÃ¡tiva[1] Salvia divinorum, also known as Diviners Sage,[2] Magic Mint,[2] MarÃa Pastora,[3] Sage of the Seers, or simply Salvia (although the genus name is shared among many plants), is a powerful psychoactive plant, a member of the sage genus and... Sensory deprivation is the deliberate reduction or removal of stimuli from one or more of the senses. ...

The primary dissociatives are similar in action to PCP (angel dust) and include Ketamine (an anaesthetic), and DXM (dextromethorphan, an active ingredient in many cough syrups). Also included are nitrous oxide, Salvia divinorum, and muscimol from the Amanita muscaria (fly agaric) mushroom. Phencyclidine (a contraction of the chemical name phenylcyclohexylpiperidine), abbreviated PCP, is a dissociative drug formerly used as an anesthetic agent, exhibiting hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects. ... Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic for veterinary use. ... This article needs cleanup. ... R-phrases S-phrases Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, Îµr, etc. ... Binomial name Epling & JÃ¡tiva[1] Salvia divinorum, also known as Diviners Sage,[2] Magic Mint,[2] MarÃa Pastora,[3] Sage of the Seers, or simply Salvia (although the genus name is shared among many plants), is a powerful psychoactive plant, a member of the sage genus and... Muscimol (agarin, pantherine) is the psychoactive compound present in Amanita muscaria and Amanita Pantherina. ... Binomial name (L.:Fr. ...

Many dissociatives also have CNS depressant effects, thereby carrying similar risks as opioids to slowing breathing or heart rate to levels resulting in death (when using very high doses). This does not appear to be true in other cases; toxic effects do not appear to exist in the case of salvia divinorum, and the principal risk of nitrous oxide seems to be due to oxygen deprivation. Injury from falling is also a danger, as nitrous oxide may cause sudden loss of consciousness, an effect of oxygen deprivation. Long term use of dissociative anaesthetics such as PCP and Ketamine (and possibly DXM) have been suspected to cause Olney's lesions (N-Methyl d-Aspartate Antagonist Neurotoxicity), though these lesions have never been demonstrated in primates to date. A diagram showing the CNS: 1. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with sedative. ... An opioid is any agent that binds to opioid receptors found principally in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. ... Hypoxia is a pathological condition in which the body as a whole (generalised hypoxia) or region of the body (tissue hypoxia) is deprived of adequate oxygen supply. ... // Dextromethorphan hydrobromide monohydrate (DM or DXM) is an antitussive drug that is found in many over-the-counter cold and cough preparations. ... Olneys Lesions, also known as NMDA Receptor Antagonist Neurotoxicity (NAN), are a form of brain damage theorized to be caused by high doses of dissociative anaesthetics, particularly those referred to as noncompetitive NMDA-channel-blockers such as ketamine, phencyclidine, and dextromethorphan. ...

Deliriants

Main article: deliriant

Datura

The deliriants (or anticholinergics) are a special class of dissociative which are antagonists for the acetylcholine receptors (unlike muscarine and nicotine which are agonists of these receptors). Deliriants are sometimes called true hallucinogens, because they do cause hallucinations in the proper sense: a user may have conversations with people who aren't there, or become angry at a 'person' mimicking their actions, not realizing it is their own reflection in a mirror.^{[citation needed]} They are called deliriants because their effects are similar to the experiences of people with delirious fevers. While dissociatives can produce effects similar to lucid dreaming (where one is consciously aware they are dreaming), the deliriants have effects akin to sleepwalking (where one doesn't remember what happened during the experience). The deliriants (or anticholinergics) are a special class of dissociatives which are antagonists for the acetylcholine receptors (unlike muscarine and nicotine which are agonists of these receptors). ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 398 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (1361 Ã— 2048 pixel, file size: 222 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 398 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (1361 Ã— 2048 pixel, file size: 222 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Species See text below Datura is a genus of 12-15 species of vespertine flowering plants belonging to the family Solanaceae. ... An anticholinergic agent is a member of a class of pharmaceutical compounds which serve to reduce the effects mediated by acetylcholine in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. ... An acetylcholine receptor (abbreviated AChR) is an integral membrane protein that responds to the binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. ... Muscarine, L-(+)-muscarine, or muscarin is a natural product found in certain mushrooms, particularly in Inocybe and Clitocybe species, such as the deadly C. dealbata. ... Nicotine is an alkaloid found in the nightshade family of plants (Solanaceae), predominantly in tobacco, and in lower quantities in tomato, potato, eggplant (aubergine), and green pepper. ... A dissociative is a drug which reduces (or blocks) signals to the conscious mind from other parts of the brain, typically, but not necessarily, or limited to the physical senses. ... Lucid dreams occur during REM sleep after the person becomes conscious and aware of dreaming within the dream. ... Sleepwalking (also called somnambulism or noctambulism), under the larger category of parasomnias, is a sleep disorder where the sufferer engages in activities that are normally associated with wakefulness while they are asleep or in a sleeplike state. ...

Included in this group are such plants as deadly nightshade, mandrake, henbane and datura, as well as a number of pharmaceutical drugs when taken in very high doses such as the antihistamine diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and the antiemetic dimenhydrinate (Dramamine or Gravol). Native Americans also consumed massive amounts of tobacco during religious ceremonies in order to experience the deliriant effects. For information on the erotic actress Belladonna see: Belladonna. ... â€œMandragoraâ€ redirects here. ... Binomial name Hyoscyamus niger L. Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) is a plant of the family Solanaceae that originated in Eurasia. ... Species See text below Datura is a genus of 12-15 species of vespertine flowering plants belonging to the family Solanaceae. ... Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (trade name Benadryl, as produced by J&J, or Dimedrol outside the U.S.) is an over-the-counter (OTC) antihistamine and sedative. ... Dramamine redirects here. ... Shredded tobacco leaf for pipe smoking Tobacco can also be pressed into plugs and sliced into flakes Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the fresh leaves of plants in genus Nicotiana. ...

In addition to the danger of being far more "out of it" than with other drugs, and retaining a truly fragmented dissociation from regular consciousness without being immobilized, the anticholinergics are toxic, can cause death due to overdose, and also include a number of uncomfortable side effects. These side effects include dehydration and mydriasis (dilation of the pupils).
An anticholinergic agent is a member of a class of pharmaceutical compounds which serve to reduce the effects mediated by acetylcholine in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. ... Dehydration (hypohydration) is the removal of water (hydro in ancient Greek) from an object. ... // Mydriasis is an excessive dilation of the pupil due to disease or drugs. ...

History of use

Hallucinogenic drugs are among the oldest drugs used by humankind, as hallucinogens naturally occur in mushrooms, cacti, and various other plants. Various cultures have endorsed the use of hallucinogens in medicine, religion, and recreation to varying extents, and some have regulated or outright prohibited their use. Today, in most countries, the possession of many hallucinogens, even those that are common in nature, is considered a crime and punished by fines, imprisonment, or even death. In the United States, some deference is given to traditional religious use by members of ethnic minorities such as the Native American Church. Recently the União do Vegetal, whose composition is not primarily ethnicity-based, won a Supreme Court decision authorizing its use of ayahuasca. Mushroom(s) are the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting bodies of fungi typically produced above ground on soil or on their food sources. ... Genera See Taxonomy of the Cactaceae A cactus (plural cacti, cactuses or cactus) is any member of the succulent plant family Cactaceae, native to the Americas. ... u fuck in ua ... Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted criminal by the state as punishment for crimes known as capital crimes or capital offences. ... Native American Church Native American Church, a religious denomination which practices Peyotism or Peyote religion, originated in the U.S. state of Oklahoma, and is the most widespread indigenous religion among Native Americans. ... UniÃ£o do Vegetal (Centro EspÃrita Beneficente UniÃ£o do Vegetal or UDV) is a church which is known fundamentally for its usage of Hoasca (or Ayahuasca) as a sacramental entheogenic herbal tea â€” the vegetal alluded to in the name of the entity. ...

Traditional religious and shamanic use (entheogens)

Historically, hallucinogens have been most commonly used in religious or shamanic rituals. In this context they are often referred to as entheogens, and they are used to facilitate healing, divination, communication with spirits, and coming-of-age ceremonies. Evidence exists for the use of entheogens in prehistoric times, as well as in numerous ancient cultures, including the Ancient Egyptian, Mycenaean, Ancient Greek, Vedic, Maya, Inca the and Aztec cultures. The Upper Amazon is home to the strongest extant entheogenic tradition; the Urarina of Peruvian Amazonia, for instance, continue to practice an elaborate system of ayahuasca shamanism, coupled with an animistic belief system. This entry covers entheogens in the strict sense of the word (i. ... A shaman doctor of Kyzyl. ... A ritual is a set of actions, performed mainly for their symbolic value, which is prescribed by a religion or by the traditions of a community. ... Entheogens are psychoactive substances that have traditionally been used in a religious context, such as psilocybin-containing mushrooms and Peyote cactuses. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Prehistoric man. ... For the span of recorded history starting roughly 5,000-5,500 years ago, see Ancient history. ... Khafres Pyramid (4th dynasty) and Great Sphinx of Giza (c. ... Mycenaean is the name given to the period of Greek history between the arrival of the Greeks in the Aegean area in about 1600 BC and about 1100 BC, the date usually asigned to the Dorian invasion, although some historians doubt that any such invasion took place. ... Ancient Greece is the term used to describe the Greek-speaking world in ancient times. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article is about the pre-Columbian Maya civilization. ... For other meanings of Inca, see Inca (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that Mexica be merged into this article or section. ... A satellite image of the mouth of the Amazon River, looking south The Amazon River or River Amazon; Spanish: RÃo Amazonas, Portuguese: Rio Amazonas) of South America is the largest, most voluminous river on earth, having a greater total flow than the next six largest rivers combined. ... An Indigenous Peoples of the Peruvian Amazon (Loreto), they refer to themselves as KachÃ¡ (lit. ... A river in the Amazon rainforest The Amazon is a rainforest in South America. ... Ayahuasca (Quechua, pronounced ) is any of various psychoactive infusions prepared from the Banisteriopsis spp. ... A shaman doctor of Kyzyl. ... This article is in need of attention. ...

Urarina shaman, 1988

The rise of the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) caused a decline of entheogenic use of hallucinogens use in its wake, as the authority of scripture and the priesthood gradually reduced the role granted to direct spiritual experience, especially by the laity. Examples of this development include the destruction of the Eleusinian Mysteries, which are now widely assumed to have involved entheogenic rituals, and the Great Witch Hunt of the Early Modern Age, in which practitioners of entheogenic rites in Western Europe were accused of associating with the Devil. The Spanish conquistadores associated local entheogenic traditions of South America with heresy and satanism, and uprooted many of them, but nevertheless, some cultures there and elsewhere have kept their traditions alive to this day. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1215x1800, 1038 KB) Summary Urarina Shaman, Photo by Bartholomew Dean Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1215x1800, 1038 KB) Summary Urarina Shaman, Photo by Bartholomew Dean Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The shaman is an intellectual and spiritual figure who is regarded as possessing power and influence on other peoples in the tribe and performs several functions, primarily that of a healer ( medicine man). The shaman provides medical care, and serves other community needs during crisis times, via supernatural means (means... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Christianity percentage by country, purple is highest, orange is lowest Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Wycliffe Tyndale Â· Luther Â· Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Pope Â· Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... This entry covers entheogens in the strict sense of the word (i. ... The Eleusinian Mysteries were initiation ceremonies held every five years for the cult of Demeter and Persephone based at Eleusis in ancient Greece. ... 1533 account of the execution of a witch charged with burning the town of Schiltach in 1531. ... The early modern period is a term used by historians to refer to the period in Western Europe and its first colonies, between the Middle Ages and modern society. ... Satan frozen at the center of Cocytus, the ninth circle of Hell in Dantes Inferno. ...

Early scientific investigations

Although natural hallucinogenic drugs have been known to mankind for millennia, it was not until the early 20th century that they received extensive attention from Western science. Earlier beginnings include scientific studies of nitrous oxide in the late 18th century, and initial studies of the constituents of the peyote cactus in the late 19th century. Starting in 1927 with Kurt Beringer's Der Meskalinrausch (The Mescaline Intoxication), more intensive effort began to be focused on studies of psychoactive plants. Around the same time, Louis Lewin published his extensive survey of psychoactive plants, Phantastica (1928). Important developments in the years that followed included the re-discovery of Mexican magic mushrooms (in 1936 by Robert J. Weitlaner) and ololiuhqui (in 1939 by Richard Evans Schultes). Arguably the most important pre-World War II development was by Albert Hofmann's 1938 invention of the semi-synthetic drug LSD, which was later discovered to produce hallucinogenic effects, in 1943. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999... The term Western world, the West or the Occident (Latin occidens -sunset, -west, as distinct from the Orient) [1] can have multiple meanings dependent on its context (e. ... Part of a scientific laboratory at the University of Cologne. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Psychedelic mushrooms is a general term for fungi that contain psychoactive substances. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Binomial name Rivea corymbosa (L.)Hallier f. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Richard Evans Schultes (January 12, 1915 â€“ April 10, 2001) may be considered the father of modern ethnobotany, not only in his devotion to the study of native uses of entheogenic or hallucinogenic plants, especially in the Amazon, in his lifelong collaborations with chemists, but also in his charismatic influence as... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Dr. Dr. Albert Hofmann (born January 11, 1906) is a prominent Swiss scientist best known as the father of LSD. He was born in Baden, Switzerland, and studied chemistry at the University of ZÃ¼rich. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... In chemistry, chemical synthesis is purposeful execution of chemical reactions in order to get a product, or several products. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Hallucinogens after World War II

After World War II there was an explosion of interest in hallucinogenic drugs in psychiatry, owing mainly to the discovery of LSD. Interest in the drugs tended to focus on either the potential for psychotherapeutic applications of the drugs (see psychedelic psychotherapy), or on the use of hallucinogens to produce a "controlled psychosis", in order to understand psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. By 1951, more than 100 articles on LSD appeared in medical journals, and by 1961, the number increased to more than 1000 articles^[2]. Hallucinogens were also researched in several countries for their potential as agents of chemical warfare. Most famously, several tragic incidents associated with the CIA's MK-ULTRA mind control research project have been the topic of media attention and lawsuits. Psychiatry is a branch of medicine dealing with the prevention, assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of the mind and mental illness. ... Psychotherapy is an interpersonal, relational intervention used by trained psychotherapists to aid clients in problems of living. ... Psychedelic psychotherapy refers to psychotherapeutic practices involving the use of psychedelic drugs. ... Psychosis is a generic psychiatric term for a mental state often described as involving a loss of contact with reality. Stedmans Medical Dictionary defines psychosis as a severe mental disorder, with or without organic damage, characterized by derangement of personality and loss of contact with reality and causing deterioration... Year 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Chemical warfare is warfare (and associated military operations) using the toxic properties of chemical substances to kill, injure or incapacitate an enemy. ... The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ... For other uses, see MKULTRA (disambiguation). ... Mind control (or thought control) has the premise that an outside source can control an individuals thinking, behavior or consciousness (either directly or more subtly). ...

At the beginning of the 1950s, the existence of hallucinogenic drugs was virtually unknown among the general public of the West. However this soon changed as several influential figures were introduced to the hallucinogenic experience. Aldous Huxley's 1953 essay The Doors of Perception, describing his experiences with mescaline, and R. Gordon Wasson's 1957 Life magazine article (Seeking the Magic Mushroom) brought the topic into the public limelight. In the early 1960s, counterculture icons such as Jimi Hendrix, Jim Morrison, Jerry Garcia, Joe Mungo, MIke Rosato, Samantha Onorato, Timothy Leary, Allen Ginsberg and Ken Kesey advocated the drugs for their psychedelic effects, and a large subculture of psychedelic drug users was spawned. Many people argue that psychedelic drugs played a major role in catalyzing the vast social changes initiated in the 1960s. As a result of the growing popularity of LSD, and, some contend, establishment disdain for the hippies with whom it was heavily associated, LSD was banned in the United States in 1967. Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Year 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Doors of Perception is a 1954 book by Aldous Huxley detailing his experiences when taking mescaline. ... R. Gordon Wasson (September 22, 1898 â€“ December 23, 1986) was an author, amateur researcher and banker. ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... This article contains a trivia section. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Jerome John Jerry Garcia (August 1, 1942 â€“ August 9, 1995) was an American musician, songwriter, and artist perhaps best known for being the lead guitarist and vocalist of the psychedelic rock band the Grateful Dead. ... For the American baseball player use Tim Leary (baseball player) Timothy Francis Leary, (October 22, 1920 â€“ May 31, 1996) was an American writer, psychologist, advocate of psychedelic drug research and use, and one of the first people whose remains have been sent into space. ... Irwin Allen Ginsberg (IPA: ) (June 3, 1926 â€“ April 5, 1997) was an American poet. ... Kenneth Elton Kesey (September 17, 1935 â€“ November 10, 2001) was an American author, best known for his novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, and as a counter-cultural figure who, some consider, was a link between the beat generation of the 1950s and the hippies of the 1960s. ... For psychedelics, see psychedelic drug. ... A subculture is a set of people with a set of behaviors and beliefs, which could be distinct or hidden, that differentiate them from the larger culture to which they belong. ... Woodstock: the iconic Sixties event The Sixties in its most obvious sense refers to the decade between 1960 and 1969 (see: 1960s), but the expression has taken on a wider meaning over the past 20 years. ... The Establishment is a pejorative slang term to refer to the traditional and usually conservative ruling class elite and the structures of society which they control. ... Singer at a modern Hippie movement in Russia Hippie (sometimes spelled hippy) refers to a member of a subgroup of the counterculture that began in the United States during the early 1960s, becoming an established social group by 1965, and expanding to other countries before declining in the mid-1970s. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ...

Social status of hallucinogens

After the fading from public sight as one of the many elements of the 1960s counterculture, hallucinogen use took a less visible but nevertheless persistent role in Western society in the 1970s and 1980s. In the 1990s and 2000s something of a revival of interest in the drugs has occurred. There are probably several important contributing factors to the resurgence. The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For the band, see 1990s (band). ... The 2000s are the current decade, spanning from 2000 to 2009. ...

One is the rise of dance-based rave and trance culture, in which participants frequently use drugs such as the entactogen MDMA, and to a lesser extent, other hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD, magic mushrooms and ketamine, as an aid to inducing ecstatic or trance states of consciousness. A second major contributing factor to the revival of interest in hallucinogenic drugs has been the advent of the Internet and World Wide Web. This has made information pertaining to drugs much more accessible to the general public, provided a platform for advocacy that was not previously available, and has enabled otherwise isolated interested parties to communicate and exchange information and experiences. Dance (from French danser, perhaps from Frankish) generally refers to movement used as a form of expression, social interaction or presented in a spiritual or performance setting. ... For other uses, see Rave (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The terms empathogen and entactogen are different terms used to describe one class of hallucinogens that function as serotonin releasers; most of these are phenethylamines. ... Psychedelic mushrooms is a general term for fungi that contain psychoactive substances. ... Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic for veterinary use. ... ecstasy (drug) and religious ecstasy Ecstasy, from the Greek ekstasis, to be outside oneself, is a category of trance or trancelike states in which an individual transcends ordinary consciousness and as a result has a heightened capacity for exceptional thought or experience. ... An altered state of consciousness is any state which is significantly different from a normative waking beta wave state. ... WWWs historical logo designed by Robert Cailliau The World Wide Web is a system of interlinked, hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. ... Advocacy is the act of arguing on behalf of a particular issue, idea or person. ...

Legal status and attitudes

As of 2007, most well known hallucinogens (aside from dextromethorphan, diphenhydramine and dimenhydrinate) are illegal in most Western countries. One notable exception to the current criminalization trend is in parts of Western Europe, especially in the Netherlands, where hallucinogenic mushrooms are considered to be so-called "soft drugs", along with cannabis. While the possession of soft drugs is technically illegal, the Dutch government has decided that using law enforcement to combat their use is largely a waste of resources. As a result, public "coffeeshops" in the Netherlands openly sell cannabis for personal use, and "smart shops" sell drugs like psilocybin mushrooms and ayahuasca (See Drug policy of the Netherlands). 2007 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The borders of Western Europe were largely defined by the Cold War. ... The term soft drug is given sometimes to a range of drugs that are supposed to be less harmful than other drugs, called hard drugs. ... Ayahuasca (Quechua, pronounced ) is any of various psychoactive infusions prepared from the Banisteriopsis spp. ... The drug policy of the Netherlands is based on 2 principles: Drug use is a public health issue, not a criminal matter A distinction between hard drugs and soft drugs exists It is a pragmatic policy. ...

Since the latter part of the twentieth century, this attitude has spread throughout Europe; many European countries no longer actively pursue anti-drug policies, and rarely enforce extant legal penalties for personal-use quantities of hallucinogenic drugs. This is especially true with mild hallucinogens such as cannabis, which is rapidly gaining acceptance in western Europe as a harmless and socially acceptable intoxicant, much as alcohol is considered throughout the West. Despite being scheduled as a controlled substance in the mid 1980s, ecstasy's popularity has been growing since that time in western Europe and in the United States. World map showing the location of Europe. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), most commonly known by the street names ecstasy or XTC (for more names see the full list), is a synthetic entactogen of the phenethylamine family, whose primary effect is believed to be the stimulation of secretion as well as inhibition of re-uptake of large amounts...

Attitudes towards hallucinogens other than cannabis have been slower to change. Several attempts to change the law on the grounds of freedom of religion have been made. Some of these have been successful, for example the Native American Church in the United States, and Santo Daime in Brazil. Some people argue that a religious setting should not be necessary for the legitimacy of hallucinogenic drug use, and for this reason also criticize the euphemistic use of the term "entheogen". Non-religious reasons for the use of hallucinogens including spiritual, introspective, psychotherapeutic, recreational and even hedonistic motives, each subject to some degree of social disapproval, have all been defended as the legitimate exercising of civil liberties, including freedom of thought and freedom of self-harm. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen guarantees freedom of religion, as long as religious activities do not infringe on public order in ways detrimental to society. ... Native American Church Native American Church, a religious denomination which practices Peyotism or Peyote religion, originated in the U.S. state of Oklahoma, and is the most widespread indigenous religion among Native Americans. ... Santo Daime is a syncretic spiritual practice, which grew out of the Brazilian Amazonian state of Acre in the 1930s and became a worldwide movement in the 1990s. ... Spirituality, in a narrow sense, concerns itself with matters of the spirit. ... This article is about the psychological process of introspecting. ... Psychotherapy is an interpersonal, relational intervention used by trained psychotherapists to aid clients in problems of living. ... Recreational drug use is the use of psychoactive drugs for recreational rather than medical or spiritual purposes, although the distinction is not always clear. ... This article does not cite any sources. ... Civil liberties is the name given to freedoms that protect the individual from government. ... Freedom of thought (also called freedom of conscience and freedom of ideas) is the freedom of an individual to hold or consider a fact, viewpoint, or thought, regardless of anyone elses view. ...

Many connect the idea of being "high" or going through a psychedelic state, as having brain damage or going crazy. This is due to the effect of the drug which, in some cases, can be overwhelming. Effects of these drugs can mimic psychological conditions such as psychosis, schizophrenia, and thought disorder. However, this is largely a misconception of the psychedelic state. After many studies investigating its possible use as a "psychotomimetic" and decades of personal/spiritual use it has become apparent that the psychedelic state is wholly different from a psychotic state and thus is ill-compared to schizophrenia and other mental disorders. For psychedelics, see psychedelic drug. ... Brain damage or brain injury is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells. ... Psychology (ancient Greek: psyche = soul and logos = word) is the study of mind, thought, and behaviour. ... Psychosis is a generic psychiatric term for a mental state often described as involving a loss of contact with reality. Stedmans Medical Dictionary defines psychosis as a severe mental disorder, with or without organic damage, characterized by derangement of personality and loss of contact with reality and causing deterioration... In psychiatry, thought disorder or formal thought disorder is a term used to describe a pattern of disordered language use that is presumed to reflect disordered thinking. ...

Several medical and scientific people, including Albert Hofmann, advocate the drugs should not be banned, but should be strongly regulated and warn they can be dangerous without proper psychological supervision. [2] Dr. Dr. Albert Hofmann (born January 11, 1906) is a prominent Swiss scientist best known as the father of LSD. He was born in Baden, Switzerland, and studied chemistry at the University of ZÃ¼rich. ...

Taking a hallucinogenic drug without knowledge can result in psychological trauma, and has occurred many times because many psychedelic drugs such as LSD have low dose and can easily be added to food or drink, similar to "date rape drugs" or Mickey Finns, and those who deliberately do that can be charged with assault. (These occurrences have created some urban myths such as the blue star tattoo myth). Date rape drugs are substances added to a drink to render a victim unconscious or compliant and able to be easily raped or sexually assaulted, perhaps adding to the effect of an alcoholic drink, generally unknown to the person drinking it. ... A Mickey Finn (or simply Mickey) is a slang term for a drug-laced drink given to someone without their knowledge in order to incapacitate them. ... Urban Legend is also the name of a 1998 movie. ... The blue star tattoo legend frequently surfaces in American elementary and middle schools in the form of a flyer that has been photocopied through many generations, which is distributed to parents by concerned school officials. ...

Psychedelics and mental illnesses in long-term users

Most psychedelics are not known to have long-term physical toxicity. However, amphetamine-like psychedelics, such as MDMA, that release neurotransmitters may stimulate increased formation of free radicals possibly formed from neurotransmitters released from the synaptic vesicle.^{[citation needed]} Free radicals are associated with cell damage in other contexts, and have been suggested to be involved in many types of mental conditions including Parkinson's disease, senility, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's. Research on this question has not reached a firm conclusion. The same concerns do not apply to psychedelics that do not release neurotransmitters, such as LSD, nor to dissociatives and deliriants. ecstasy and religious ecstasy MDMA, most commonly known today by the street name ecstasy, is a synthetic entactogen of the phenethylamine family whose primary effect is to stimulate the brain to rapidly secrete large amounts of serotonin, causing a general sense of openness, empathy, energy, euphoria, and well-being. ... In chemistry free radicals are uncharged atomic or molecular species with unpaired electrons or an otherwise open shell configuration. ... Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are used to relay, amplify and modulate electrical signals between a presynaptic and a postsynaptic neuron. ... In a neuron, synaptic vesicles, also called neurotransmitter vesicles, store the various neurotransmitters that are released during calcium-regulated exocytosis at the presynaptic terminal into the synaptic cleft of a synapse. ... In chemistry free radicals are uncharged atomic or molecular species with unpaired electrons or an otherwise open shell configuration. ... Alzheimers disease (AD) or senile dementia of Alzheimers type is a neurodegenerative disease which results in a loss of mental functions due to the deterioration of brain tissue. ... Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly called LSD, LSD-25, or acid. ...

No clear connection has been made between psychedelic drugs and organic brain damage; however, high doses over time of some dissociatives and deliriants have been shown to cause Olney's lesions in other animals, and have been suspected to occur in humans.^{[citation needed]} Additionally, Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) is a diagnosed condition where some effects of drugs persist after a long time--although medical technology has yet to determine what causes the condition. Dissociative drugs are a class of psychedelic drugs characterized by intense feelings of depersonalization, derealization, and analgesia. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Olneys Lesions, also known as NMDA Receptor Antagonist Neurotoxicity (NAN), are a form of brain damage theorized to be caused by high doses of dissociative anaesthetics, particularly those referred to as noncompetitive NMDA-channel-blockers such as ketamine, phencyclidine, and dextromethorphan. ... Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) is a long-term condition caused by taking hallucinogens. ...

Naming and taxonomy

Introduction to the psychedelic name zoo

The class of drugs described in this article has been described by a profusion of names, most of which are associated with a particular theory of their nature.

Louis Lewin started out in 1928 by using the word "phantastica" as the title of his ground-breaking monograph about plants that, in his words, "bring about evident cerebral excitation in the form of hallucinations, illusions and visions [...] followed by unconsciousness or other symptoms of altered cerebral functioning." But no sooner had the term been invented, or Lewin complained that the word "does not cover all that I should wish it to convey", and indeed with the proliferation of research following the discovery of LSD came numerous attempts to improve on it, such as "hallucinogen", "phanerothyme", "psychedelic", "psychotomimetic", "psycholytic", "schizophrenogenic", "cataleptogenic", "mysticomimetic", "psychodysleptic", and "entheogenic". Louis Lewin was a German pharmacologist who published the first systematic study of the cactus (Anhalonium lewinii) in 1886. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For psychedelics, see psychedelic drug. ... Describes the actions of a drug in producing symptoms of psychosis including delusions and/or hallucinations. ...

The word "psychotomimetic", meaning "mimicking psychosis", reflects the hypothesis of early researchers that the effects of psychedelic drugs are similar to naturally occurring symptoms of schizophrenia, which has since been discredited. It remained for a long time somewhat of a shibboleth to be used in the titles of papers as a signal that the researcher disapproved of the casual use of a drug, but has now been displaced in the medical literature by "hallucinogen". The latter term is not entirely accurate, since hallucinations strictly speaking must be entirely realistic but have no basis in reality, while psychedelic effects are often better described as distortions of the ordinary senses. Psychosis is a generic psychiatric term for a mental state often described as involving a loss of contact with reality. Stedmans Medical Dictionary defines psychosis as a severe mental disorder, with or without organic damage, characterized by derangement of personality and loss of contact with reality and causing deterioration...

While the word "psychotomimetic" is now outmoded, the theory it implies is still clearly visible in the World Health Organization's definition of a hallucinogen as "a chemical agent that induces alterations in perception, thinking, and feeling which resemble those of the functional psychoses without producing the gross impairment of memory and orientation characteristic of the organic syndromes." [3] The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. ...

The word "psychedelic" was coined by Humphrey Osmond and has the rather mysterious but at least somewhat value-neutral meaning of "mind manifesting". Its use is often associated with the notion, preposterous in contemporary mainstream culture, that the psychedelic experience might be desirable or even beneficial. The word "entheogen", on the other hand, which is often used to describe the religious and ritual use of psychedelic drugs, is associated with the (yet more preposterous to mainstream culture) idea that it could be relevant to religion. The words "entactogen", "empathogen", "dissociative" and "deliriant", at last, have all been coined to refer to classes of drugs similar to the classical psychedelics that seemed deserving of a name of their own.

Many different names have been proposed over the years for this drug class. The famous German toxicologist Louis Lewin used the name phantastica earlier in this century, and as we shall see later, such a descriptor is not so farfetched. The most popular names, hallucinogen, psychotomimetic, and psychedelic ("mind manifesting"), have often been used interchangeably. Hallucinogen is now, however, the most common designation in the scientific literature, although it is an inaccurate descriptor of the actual effects of these drugs. In the lay press, the term psychedelic is still the most popular and has held sway for nearly four decades. Most recently, there has been a movement in nonscientific circles to recognize the ability of these substances to provoke mystical experiences and evoke feelings of spiritual significance. Thus, the term entheogen, derived from the Greek word entheos, which means "god within," was introduced by Ruck et al. and has seen increasing use. This term suggests that these substances reveal or allow a connection to the "divine within." Although it seems unlikely that this name will ever be accepted in formal scientific circles, its use has dramatically increased in the popular media and on internet sites. Indeed, in much of the counterculture that uses these substances, entheogen has replaced psychedelic as the name of choice and we may expect to see this trend continue.

– David E. Nichols: "Hallucinogens", Pharmacol Ther 101(2):131-181^[3]

Taxonomy

Hallucinogens can be classified by their subjective effects, mechanisms of action, and chemical structure. These classifications often correlate to some extent. In this article, they are classified as psychedelics, dissociatives, and deliriants, preferably entirely to the exclusion of the inaccurate word hallucinogen, but the reader is well advised to consider that this particular classification is not universally accepted. The taxonomy used here attempts to blend these three approaches in order to provide as clear and accessible an overview as possible. Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Dissociative drugs are a class of psychedelic drugs characterized by intense feelings of depersonalization, derealization, and analgesia. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Hallucinogenic drug - drugs that can alter sensory perceptions. ...

Almost all hallucinogens contain nitrogen and are therefore classified as alkaloids. THC and Salvinorin A are exceptions. Many hallucinogens have chemical structures similar to those of human neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, and temporarily modify the action of neurotransmitters and/or receptor sites. General Name, Symbol, Number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless gas Standard atomic weight 14. ... An alkaloid is a nitrogenous organic molecule that has a pharmacological effect on humans and other animals. ... Tetrahydrocannabinol, also known as THC, Î”9-THC, Î”9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), Î”Â¹-tetrahydrocannabinol (using an older numbering scheme), or dronabinol, is the main psychoactive substance found in the Cannabis plant; and additionally so in a variety of other plants. ... Salvinorin A is the main active psychotropic constituent of the plant Salvia divinorum (diviners sage, Mexican mint). ... Serotonin (pronounced ) (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter synthesized in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) and enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract of animals including humans. ...

Lewin's classes

A classical classification, mainly of historical interest, is that of Lewin (Phantastica, 1928):

Class I Phantastica roughly correspond to the psychedelics, which is a more modern term usually used as synonym to "hallucinogen" by people with positive attitudes towards them. Here the term is used a bit differently to discriminate one particular class of hallucinogens which it seems to describe best. They typically have no sedative effects (sometimes the opposite) and there is usually a clearcut memory to their effects. These drugs have also been referred to as the "classical" hallucinogens.

Class II Phantastica correspond to the other classes in our scheme. They tend to sedate in addition to their hallucinogenic properties and there often is an impaired memory trace after the effects wear off.

Psychedelic drugs are psychoactive drugs whose primary action is to alter the thought processes of the brain. ...

Pharmacological classes of hallucinogens

One possible way of classifying the hallucinogens is by their chemical structure and that of the receptors they act on. In this vein, the following categories are often used:

Psychedelics (serotonin 5-HT_2A receptor agonists)
- Tryptamines
  - Lysergamides
- Phenethylamines
  - Substituted phenethylamines
  - Substituted amphetamines
    - Empathogens and/or Entactogens (serotonin releasers)
- Cannabinoids (CB-1 cannabinoid receptor agonists)

Dissociatives
- NMDA receptor antagonists and sigma₁ ligands
- Kappa opioid receptor agonists
- Inhalants
- Cholinergics

Deliriants (anticholinergics)
- Tropanes
- Antihistamines

Psychedelic drugs are psychoactive drugs whose primary action is to alter the thought processes of the brain. ... Serotonin (pronounced ) (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter synthesized in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) and enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract of animals including humans. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Agonists An agonist is a substance that binds to a receptor and triggers a response by the cell. ... Tryptamine (3-(2-aminoethyl)indole) is a monoamine compound that is widespread in nature. ... Chemical structure of ergoline Ergoline is a chemical compound whose structure serves as the skeleton for a diverse range of alkaloids and synthetic drugs. ... Phenethylamine, or Î²-Phenylethylamine, is an alkaloid and monoamine. ... Amphetamine or Amfetamine (Alpha-Methyl-PHenEThylAMINE), also known as, beta-phenyl-isopropylamine, and benzedrine, is a prescription stimulant commonly used to treat Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults and children. ... The terms empathogen and entactogen are different terms used to describe one class of hallucinogens that function as serotonin releasers; most of these are phenethylamines. ... Serotonin (pronounced ) (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter synthesized in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) and enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract of animals including humans. ... Cannabinoids are a group of chemicals which activate the bodys cannabinoid receptors. ... A dissociative is a drug which reduces (or blocks) signals to the conscious mind from other parts of the brain, typically, but not necessarily, or limited to the physical senses. ... NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartic acid) is an amino acid derivative acting as a specific agonist at the NMDA receptor, and therefore mimics the action of the neurotransmitter glutamate on that receptor. ... The sigma-1 receptor is a transmembrane protein expressed in many different tissue types. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... Inhalants are a chemically diverse group of psychoactive substances composed of organic solvents and volatile substances commonly found in more than 1000 common household products, such as glues, hair spray, air fresheners, gasoline, lighter fluid, and paint. ... A synapse is cholinergic if it uses acetylcholine as its neurotransmitter. ... The deliriants (or anticholinergics) are a special class of dissociatives which are antagonists for the acetylcholine receptors (unlike muscarine and nicotine which are agonists of these receptors). ... An anticholinergic agent is a member of a class of pharmaceutical compounds which serve to reduce the effects mediated by acetylcholine in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. ... Chemical structure of tropane Tropane (C8H15N, 8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3. ... An antihistamine is a drug which serves to reduce or eliminate effects mediated by histamine, an endogenous chemical mediator released during allergic reactions, through action at the histamine receptor. ...

Hallucinogenic organisms

The following is a list of some organisms known to contain hallucinogens

Plants
- Psychedelics
  - Ayahuasca (contains DMT and an MAOI, commonly Banisteriopsis caapi with Psychotria viridis)
  - Epená (Virola sp.) (contains 5-MeO-DMT and DMT)
  - Hawaiian baby woodrose (Argyreia nervosa) (contains ergine)
  - Ololiuhqui/Coaxihuitl (Turbina/Rivea corymbosa) (contains ergine)
  - Tlitliltzin/Badoh Negro (Ipomoea violacea) (contains ergine)
  - Iboga (Tabernanthe iboga) (contains ibogaine)
- Cacti psychedelics
  - Peruvian Torch cactus (Trichocereus peruvianus) (contains mescaline)
  - Peyote cactus (Lophophora williamsii) (contains mescaline)
  - San Pedro cactus (Trichocereus pachanoi) (contains mescaline)
- Quasi-psychedelics
  - Cannabis (contains THC)
  - Sinicuichi (Heimia salicifolia) (questioned hallucinogenic activity)
  - Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) (contains Myristicin)
- Dissociatives
  - Diviner's sage (Salvia divinorum) (contains salvinorin A)
- Deliriants
  - Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) (contains tropane alkaloids)
  - Floripondio (Brugmansia sp.) (contains tropane alkaloids)
  - Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) (contains tropane alkaloids)
  - Mandrake (Mandragora sp.) (contains tropane alkaloids)
  - Thorn Apple/Jimson Weed (Datura sp.) (contains tropane alkaloids)
Fungi
- Psychedelics
  - Psilocybe mushrooms (Psilocybe sp. and some Conocybe, Panaeolus and Stropharia) (contain psilocybin and psilocin)
  - Ergot fungus (Claviceps purpurea) (not hallucinogenic in itself, but contains ergotamine)
- Dissociatives
  - Fly Agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) (contains muscimol)
Animals
- Psychedelics
  - Psychoactive toads (Bufo alvarius) (contain 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenine)

Ayahuasca (Quechua, pronounced ) is any of various psychoactive infusions prepared from the Banisteriopsis spp. ... Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), also known as N,N-dimethyltryptamine, is a psychedelic tryptamine. ... Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of antidepressant drugs prescribed for the treatment of depression. ... Binomial name (Spruce ex Griseb. ... Binomial name Psychotria viridis Psychotria viridis is a shrub from the coffee family, Rubiaceae. ... Species many species, including: Virola calophylla Virola colophylloidea Virola theiodora Virola, also known as EpenÃ¡, is a genus of medium-sized tree native to the South American rainforest and closely related to other Myristicaceae, such as nutmeg. ... 5-MeO-DMT is a very powerful psychedelic tryptamine. ... DMT is a three-letter abbreviation (TLA) which may stand for Dimethyltryptamine, an endogenous and hallucinogenic tryptamine Digital Monetary Trust Discrete multitone modulation, also discrete multitone technique Desoxymethyltestosterone Discrete monitor timing (a VESA standard for computer displays) Divalent Metal Transporter gene (related to haemochromatosis) Data Miniaturization Technology Dark Medieval Times... Binomial name (Burm. ... Binomial name Argyreia nervosa (Burm. ... LSA, also known as d-lysergic acid amide, d-lysergamide, ergine, and LA-111, is an alkaloid of the ergoline family that occurs in various species of vines of the Convolvulaceae and some species of fungi. ... Binomial name Rivea corymbosa (L.)Hallier f. ... Binomial name Rivea corymbosa (L.)Hallier f. ... LSA, also known as d-lysergic acid amide, d-lysergamide, ergine, and LA-111, is an alkaloid of the ergoline family that occurs in various species of vines of the Convolvulaceae and some species of fungi. ... Binomial name Ipomoea violacea L. Ipomoea violacea, sometimes known as the Morning Glory, is a species of morning glory that occurs throughout the tropics. ... Binomial name Ipomoea violacea L. Ipomoea violacea, sometimes known as the Morning Glory, is a species of morning glory that occurs throughout the tropics. ... LSA, also known as d-lysergic acid amide, d-lysergamide, ergine, and LA-111, is an alkaloid of the ergoline family that occurs in various species of vines of the Convolvulaceae and some species of fungi. ... Binomial name Tabernanthe iboga (L.) Nutt. ... Binomial name Tabernanthe iboga (L.) Nutt. ... Ibogaine is an indole alkaloid, a long-acting hallucinogen which has gained attention due to its application in the treatment of opioid addiction and similar addiction syndromes. ... Binomial name Echinopsis peruviana (Britton and Rose) Friedrich and Rowley Synonyms // Description Peruvian Torch cactus (the name Peruvian Fence Post is also given in some sources) is a fast-growing columnar cactus native to the western slope of the Andes in Peru. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Binomial name Trichocereus pachanoi San Pedro cactus (Trichocereus pachanoi) is a fast-growing cactus native to the Andes of Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Look up Cannabis in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Tetrahydrocannabinol, also known as THC, Î”9-THC, Î”9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), Î”Â¹-tetrahydrocannabinol (using an older numbering scheme), or dronabinol, is the main psychoactive substance found in the Cannabis plant; and additionally so in a variety of other plants. ... It has been suggested that Legal drugs#Sinicuichi be merged into this article or section. ... It has been suggested that Legal drugs#Nutmeg be merged into this article or section. ... Binomial name Epling & JÃ¡tiva[1] Salvia divinorum, also known as Diviners Sage,[2] Magic Mint,[2] MarÃa Pastora,[3] Sage of the Seers, or simply Salvia (although the genus name is shared among many plants), is a powerful psychoactive plant, a member of the sage genus and... Salvinorin A is the main active psychotropic constituent of the plant Salvia divinorum (diviners sage, Mexican mint). ... Binomial name L. Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna), also known as belladonna or dwale, is a well-known perennial herbaceous plant, with leaves and berries that are highly toxic and hallucinogenic. ... Binomial name Brugmansia candida Brugmansia is a genus of one of two related plants known as Angels trumpets, the other genus being Datura. ... Binomial name Hyoscyamus niger L. Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) is a plant of the family Solanaceae that originated in Eurasia. ... â€œMandragoraâ€ redirects here. ... Binomial name Datura stramonium L. Datura stramonium, also called Jimson Weed, Gypsum Weed, Loco Weed, Jamestown Weed, Thorn Apple, Angels Trumpet, Devils Trumpet, Mad Hatter, Crazy Tea, and Zombies Cucumber is a common poisonous weed in the Nightshade Family. ... Psychedelic mushrooms is a general term for fungi that contain psychoactive substances. ... Psilocybin (also known as psilocybine) is a psychedelic alkaloid of the tryptamine family, found in psilocybin mushrooms. ... Psilocin, sometimes misspelled psilocine or psilotsin, is a psychedelic (hallucinogenic) mushroom alkaloid. ... Species About 50, including: Claviceps africanum Claviceps fusiformis Claviceps paspali Claviceps purpurea Ergot is the common name of a fungus in the genus Claviceps that is parasitic on certain grains and grasses. ... Ergotamine is a vasoconstrictor used for migraine prevention and is sometimes mixed with caffeine. ... Binomial name Amanita muscaria Amanita muscaria is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Amanita. ... Muscimol (agarin, pantherine) is the psychoactive compound present in Amanita muscaria and Amanita Pantherina. ... Psychoactive toads is a name used for toads from which psychoactive substances from the family of bufotoxins can be derived. ... Bufotenin, also spelled bufotenine, is also known under the names 5_hydroxy_DMT (5-OH-DMT) or dimethyl-serotonin and is a tryptamine related to the neurotransmitter serotonin. ...

Notes

^ Huxley, Aldous (1954). The Doors of Perception (htm) (in English), London: Harper & Bros, 63. Retrieved on 2006-03-08.
^ Dyck, Erika (2005). "Flashback: Psychiatric Experimentation With LSD in Historical Perspective". The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 50 (7): 381-388. Retrieved on 2006-03-08.
^ [1]

For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 67th day of the year (68th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 67th day of the year (68th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Literature

The literature about psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants is vast. The following books provide accessible and up-to-date introductions to this literature:

Ann & Alexander Shulgin: PIHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known And Loved), a Chemical Love Story
Ann & Alexander Shulgin: TIHKAL (Tryptamines I Have Known And Loved), the Continuation
Charles S. Grob, ed.: Hallucinogens, a reader

The following review paper is the definitive source of technical scientific information about hallucinogens:

David Nichols: Hallucinogens

External links

Erowid is a web site dedicated entirely to providing information about psychoactive drugs, with an impressive collection of trip reports, materials collected from the web and usenet, and a bibliography of scientific literature
Evidence: Academic ressources on hallucinogens- and MDMA research, relapse prevention and harm reduction.
The Shroomery has detailed information about magic mushrooms including identification, cultivation and spores, psychedelic images, trip reports and an active community.
Third-Plateau.org is a comprehensive site detailing uses and risks associated with DXM
Coricidin (Dextromethorphan + Chlorpheniramine Maleate) Harm Reduction, devoted exclusively to risks of Coricidin abuse.
TCCWiki A free collaborative drug information project that anyone can edit
Psychedelic Drugs in the Twentieth Century (Grinspoon)
Plants of the Gods - The Way of the Shaman
PsychedelicJones One man's experiences exploring psychedelic consciousness with magic mushrooms, salvia divinorum and other substances.
Center for Cognitive Liberty and Ethics
Spirit Plants
Growing Entheogenic Plants (Plot55.com)
"The Neurochemistry of Psychedelic Experience" by Michael Lyvers, Science & Consciousness Review, June, 2003. (Archived at Internet Archive)
Growing hallicinogens
Fact sheets on minimizing bad trips and other illicit drug information

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Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants

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Psychedelic tryptamines

α,N,N-TMT • 2,N,N-TMT • 5,N,N-TMT • 4-Acetoxy-DMT • 4-Acetoxy-DET • 4-Acetoxy-DIPT • 4-HO-5-MeO-DMT • α-ET • α-MT • Baeocystin • Bufotenin • DBT • DET • DIPT • DMT • DPT • EiPT • PiPT • Ethocin • Ethocybin • Iprocin • 4-HO-MET • 4-HO-MiPT • MET • MIPT • 5-Me-MIPT • 5-MeO-α-ET • 5-MeO-α-MT • 5-MeO-DALT • 5-MeO-DET • 5-MeO-DIPT • 5-MeO-DMT • 5-MeO-DPT • 5-MeO-MET • 5-MeO-MIPT • 5-MeO-α,N,N-TMT • 5-MeO-2,N,N-TMT • Miprocin • Norbaeocystin • Psilocin • Psilocybin The logo of Internet Archive The Internet Archive (IA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to maintaining an on-line library and archive of Web and multimedia resources. ... Psychedelic drugs are psychoactive drugs whose primary action is to alter the thought processes of the brain. ... Tryptamine (3-(2-aminoethyl)indole) is a monoamine compound that is widespread in nature. ... Alpha,N,N-trimethyltryptamine (Î±,N,N-TMT; Î±-TMT) is a tryptamine derivative that is thought to be a hallucinogenic drug. ... 2,N,N-trimethyltryptamine (2,N,N-TMT; 2-TMT) is a tryptamine derivative that is a hallucinogenic drug. ... 5,N,N-trimethyltryptamine (5,N,N-TMT; 5-TMT) is a tryptamine derivative that is a hallucinogenic drug. ... O-Acetylpsilocin or 4-acetoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (4-AcO-DMT) is a psychedelic (hallucinogenic). ... 4-Acetoxy-DET (4-Acetoxy-N,N-Diethyltryptamine) is a psychedelic alkaloid of the tryptamine family, and classified as a research chemical. ... 4-Acetoxy-DIPT (4-acetoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine) is a hallucinogenic tryptamine. ... 4-Hydroxy-5-methoxydimethyltryptamine, or 4,5-HO-MeO-DMT, is the 4-hydroxy counterpart of 5-MeO-DMT. It is a psychedelic tryptamine but very little is known about it. ... alpha-Ethyltryptamine, also known as Î±-ethyltryptamine, Î±-ET, or AET, is a psychoactive drug belonging to the tryptamine family. ... Î±-Methyl-tryptamine, also known as alpha-methyltryptamine, Î±-MT, AMT or IT-290, is a synthetic drug of the tryptamine family. ... Baeocystin is a mushroom alkaloid and analog of the psychedelic hallucinogenic drug psilocybin, a tryptamine derivative. ... Bufotenin, also spelled bufotenine, is also known under the names 5-hydroxy-DMT (5-OH-DMT) or dimethyl-serotonin and is a tryptamine related to the neurotransmitter serotonin. ... Dibutyltryptamine (DBT) is a psychedelic drug belonging to the tryptamine family. ... DET or diethyl-tryptamine is an orally active hallucinogenic drug and psychedelic compound of moderate duration. ... DIPT or diisopropyltryptamine is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug of the tryptamine family that has a unique effect. ... Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), also known as N,N-dimethyltryptamine, is a psychedelic tryptamine. ... Dipropyltryptamine (DPT) is a psychedelic and entheogenic hallucinogenic drug belonging to the tryptamine family. ... EIPT is a chemical in the tryptamine family, and produces psychedelic and hallucinogenic effects. ... 4-HO-DET, also known as 4-hydroxy-diethyl-tryptamine, CZ-74, or ethocin, is an hallucinogenic drug and psychedelic compound of moderate duration. ... Ethocybin (also known as CEY-39 and 4-phosphoraloxy-DET) is a homologue of the mushroom alkaloid psilocybin, and a semi-synthetic psychedelic alkaloid of the tryptamine family. ... Chemical structure of 4-HO-DIPT - CAS numbers 63065-90-7, 132328-45-1 4-Hydroxy-di-isopropyl-tryptamine (4-HO-DiPT) is a synthetic hallucinogen. ... 4-HO-MET, or 4-hydroxy-N-methyl-N-ethyltryptamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... 4-HO-MiPT, sometimes called miprocin, is a hallucinogenic, psychedelic, and entheogenic drug. ... MET (N-methyl-N-ethyltryptamine) is a hallucinogenic tryptamine. ... MIPT (N-methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine) is a entheogenic tryptamine. ... 5,N-dimethyl-N-isopropyltryptamine (5-Me-MIPT) is a tryptamine derivative that is thought to be a hallucinogenic drug. ... 5-MeO-Î±-ET is a tryptamine that produces psychedelic, entactogenic, and stimulant effects. ... 5-MeO-AMT (5-methoxy-Î±-methyltryptamine), also known as Amy is a psychedelic drug. ... 5-MeO-DALT (N,N-diallyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a psychedelic tryptamine believed to be first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. ... 5-MeO-DET (5-methoxy-N,N-diethyltryptamine) is a hallucinogenic tryptamine. ... 5-MeO-DiPT is a tryptamine also known as Foxy Methoxy or just foxy due to its supposed aphrodisiac-like effects, although it is primarily used recreationally as a psychedelic. ... 5-MeO-DMT is a very powerful psychedelic tryptamine. ... 5-MeO-DPT (also known as 5-methoxy-N,N-dipropyltryptamine, is a hallucinogenic and entheogenic drug. ... â€œ 5-MeO-MiPT â€œ is a psychedelic and hallucinogenic drug, used by some as an entheogen. ... 5-MeO-2,N,N-trimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-2,N,N-TMT) is a tryptamine derivative that is a hallucinogenic drug. ... Miprocin, or 4-HO-MiPT, is a hallucinogenic, psychedelic, and entheogenic drug. ... Norbaeocystin is a mushroom alkaloid and analog of the psychedelic hallucinogenic drug psilocybin. ... Psilocin, sometimes misspelled psilocine or psilotsin, is a psychedelic (hallucinogenic) mushroom alkaloid. ... Psilocybin (also known as psilocybine) is a psychedelic alkaloid of the tryptamine family, found in psilocybin mushrooms. ...

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Psychedelic phenethylamines

Aleph • 2C-B • 2C-B-FLY • 2C-C • 2C-D • 2C-E • 2C-F • 2C-G • 2C-I • 2C-N • 2C-O • 2C-O-4 • 2C-P • 2C-T • 2C-T-2 • 2C-T-4 • 2C-T-7 • 2C-T-8 • 2C-T-9 • 2C-T-13 • 2C-T-15 • 2C-T-17 • 2C-T-21 • 2C-TFM • 3C-E • 3C-P • Br-DFLY • DESOXY • DMMDA-2 • DOB • DOC • DOET • DOI • DOM • DON • Escaline • Ganesha • HOT-2 • HOT-7 • HOT-17 • Isoproscaline • Lophophine • MDA • MMDA • MMDA-2 • MMDA-3a • MMDMA • Macromerine • Mescaline • Proscaline • TMA Psychedelic drugs are psychoactive drugs whose primary action is to alter the thought processes of the brain. ... Phenethylamine, or Î²-Phenylethylamine, is an alkaloid and monoamine. ... Aleph is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and a substituted amphetamine of the phenethylamine class of compounds, which can be used as an entheogen. ... 2C-B, or 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxybenzeneethanamine) is a class of phenethylamine, a lesser-known psychedelic drug of the 2C family, an entactogen. ... 2C-B-FLY is a psychedelic phenethylamine first synthesized by Aaron P. Monte, and sometimes used as an entheogen. ... 2C-C is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin, sometimes used as an entheogen. ... 2C-D is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin, sometimes used as an entheogen. ... 2C-E (2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylphenethylamine) is a psychedelic drug and phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... 2C-F, or 4-fluoro-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug of the 2C family. ... Chemical structure of 2C-G 2C-G is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... 2C-I is a psychedelic drug and phenethylamine that was developed and popularized by Alexander Shulgin. ... 2C-N is a psychedelic entheogen first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. ... 2C-O (or Î²-2,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine) is a positional isomer of mescaline and was first synthesized by Jansen in 1931. ... 2C-O-4 (or 4-(i)-propoxy-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine) is a positional isomer of isoproscaline and was probably first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. ... 2C-P is an entheogenic phenethylamine first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. ... Chemical structure of 2C-T - CAS number 61638-09-3 2C-T (or 4-methylthio-2,5-DMPEA) is a psychedelic and hallucinogenic drug, used by some as an entheogen. ... 2C-T-2 is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... 2C-T-4 or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(i)-propylthiophenethylamine is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... 2C-T-7 is a psychedelic phenethylamine and is sometimes used as an entheogen. ... 2C-T-8 is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... 2C-T-9 is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... 2C-T-13 or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(Î²-methoxyethylthio)phenethylamine is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... 2C-T-15 or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(Î²-cyclopropylthio)phenethylamine is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... 2C-T-17 or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(Î²-isobutylthio)phenethylamine is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... 2C-T-21 is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... 2C-TFM is a psychedelic phenethylamine that may have first been synthesized by Daniel Trachsel. ... 3C-E is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and entheogen of the phenethylamine class of compounds. ... 3C-P is a psychedelic phenethylamine, sometimes used as an entheogen. ... Bromo-DragonFLY, also known as ABDF, is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug somewhat related to the phenethylamine family. ... 4-desoxymescaline, or DESOXY, is a psychedelic phenethylamine and analogue with four times the potency of mescaline. ... DMMDA-2 is a psychedelic phenethylamine first synthesised by Alexander Shulgin and popularized by his book PiHKAL. Shulgin, Alexander. ... DOB (Brolamfetamine, Dr. Bob, Bob or Bromo-DMA) is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and a substituted amphetamine of the phenethylamine class of compounds, which can be used as an entheogen. ... DOC (or 4-Chloro-2,5-DMA) is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug of the phenethylamine family. ... DOET, HECATE, or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine is an analogue of DOM, and is the three-carbon chain homologue to 2C-E. It produces hallucinogenic, psychedelic, and entheogenic effects. ... DOI or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug of the phenethylamine family. ... DOM (or STP, allegedly standing for Serenity, Tranquillity and Peace) is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug of the phenethylamine class of compounds, sometimes used as an entheogen. ... DON 2,5-dimethoxy-4-nitroamphetamine is an analogue of DOM and DOB. It is also closely related to 2C-N, and produces hallucinogenic, psychedelic, and entheogenic effects. ... Escaline is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and entheogen of the phenethylamine class of compounds. ... Ganesha, or 3,4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... HOT-2, or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(Î²-ethylthio)-N-hydroxyphenethylamine is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... HOT-7, or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(Î²-propylthio)-N-hydroxyphenethylamine, is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... HOT-17, or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(Î²-isobutylthio)-N-hydroxyphenethylamine, is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... Isoproscaline (or 4-(i)-propyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine) is an analogue of mescaline. ... Lophophine, homomyristicylamine, (or 3-methoxy-4,5-methylendioxyphenethylamine) is an homologue of MMDA. It is also related to mescaline and Alexander Shulgin suggests it could be a natural component in the peyote cactus because it is the only logical chemical intermediate for the biosynthesis of several of tetrahydroisoquinolines known to... 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA or Tenamfetamine), is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and empathogen/entactogen of the phenethylamine family. ... The first prepared and first described positional isomer of methoxymethylenedioxyphenylisopropylamine was the 3,4,5-substituted compound MMDA (51, 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenylisopropylamine, 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine). ... N-methyl-3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MMDMA) is a drug which is thought to have hallucinogenic and empathogenic effects. ... Macromerine is a psychedelic, hallucinogenic and entheogenic of the phenethylamine family. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Proscaline (or 4-propoxy-3,5-DMPEA) is a psychedelic and hallucinogenic drug, used by some as an entheogen. ... TMAs, also known as trimethoxyamphetamines, are a family of isomeric psychedelic hallucinogenic drugs. ...

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Psychedelic lysergamides

AL-LAD • ALD-52 • BU-LAD • CYP-LAD • Diallyllysergamide • DAM-57 • Ergonovine • ETH-LAD • LAE-32 • LSD • LPD-824 • LSM-775 • D-Lysergic acid N-(α-hydroxyethyl)amide • Methylergonovine • MLD-41 • PARGY-LAD • PRO-LAD Psychedelic drugs are psychoactive drugs whose primary action is to alter the thought processes of the brain. ... Chemical structure of ergoline Ergoline is a chemical compound whose structure serves as the skeleton for a diverse range of alkaloids and synthetic drugs. ... 9,10-DIDEHYDRO-6-ALLYL-N,N-DIETHYLERGOLINE-8b-CARBOXAMIDE (AL-LAD) is an analogue of LSD first made by Alexander Shulgin and reported in the book TIHKAL. AL-LAD is a hallucinogenic drug similar to LSD, and is around the same potency as LSD itself with an active dose... ALD-52 or N-acetyl-LSD, is a chemical analogue of LSD-25 (D-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide), discovered by Albert Hofmann, but later just filed away. ... 9,10-DIDEHYDRO-6-BUTYL-N,N-DIETHYLERGOLINE-8b-CARBOXAMIDE (BU-LAD) is an analogue of LSD first made by Alexander Shulgin and reported in the book TIHKAL. BU-LAD is a hallucinogenic drug similar to LSD, but is significantly less potent than LSD with a dose of 500 micrograms... 9,10-DIDEHYDRO-6-CYCLOPROPYL-N,N-DIETHYLERGOLINE-8b-CARBOXAMIDE (CYP-LAD) is an analogue of LSD and presumably has similar effects. ... Diallyllysergamide (DAL) As the tartrate salt, there is at best a touch of sparkle seen at 600 micrograms orally, but there is a sedation also reported. ... N,N-Dimethyllysergamide (DAM-57) is a derivative of ergine. ... Ergonovine, also known as ergometrine, d-lysergic acid beta-propanolamide, is one of primary ergot alkaloids and an alkaloid of many species of morning glory, too. ... 9,10-DIDEHYDRO-6-ETHYL-N,N-DIETHYLERGOLINE-8b-CARBOXAMIDE (ETH-LAD) is an analogue of LSD first made by Alexander Shulgin and reported in the book TIHKAL. ETH-LAD is a hallucinogenic drug similar to LSD, and is slightly more potent than LSD itself with an active dose reported... D-Lysergic Acid Ethylamide, (LAE-32) is a derivative of ergine. ... Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly called LSD, LSD-25, or acid. ... N-Pyrrolidyllysergamide (LPD-824) is a derivative of ergine. ... N-Morpholinyllysergamide (LSM-775) is a derivative of ergine. ... Chemical structure of d-lysergic acid Î±-hydroxyethylamide D-lysergic acid Î±-hydroxyethylamide, also known as d-lysergic acid methyl carbinolamide, is a psychedelic alkaloid of the ergoline family, and occurs in various species of vines of the Convolvulaceae and some species of fungi. ... Methylergonovine, also known as methylergometrine, methylergobasin, and d-lysergic acid 1-butanolamide, is a synthetic analogue of ergonovine, a psychedelic alkaloid found in ergot, and many species of morning glory. ... N1-Methyl-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (MLD-41, 9,10-didehydro-N,N-diethyl-1,6-dimethyl-ergoline-8-beta-carboxamide) is a derivative of LSD. The 1-methyl homologue of LSD is has more of somatic than sensory effect, has fewer visuals and is less well accepted than LSD, with... 9,10-DIDEHYDRO-6-PROPYNYL-N,N-DIETHYLERGOLINE-8b-CARBOXAMIDE (PARGY-LAD) is an analogue of LSD first made by Alexander Shulgin and reported in the book TIHKAL. PARGY-LAD is a hallucinogenic drug similar to LSD, but is slightly less potent than LSD with a dose of 160 micrograms... 9,10-DIDEHYDRO-6-PROPYL-N,N-DIETHYLERGOLINE-8b-CARBOXAMIDE (PRO-LAD) is an analogue of LSD first made by Alexander Shulgin and reported in the book TIHKAL. PRO-LAD is a hallucinogenic drug similar to LSD, and is around as potent as LSD itself with an active dose reported...

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Psychedelic mushrooms

href="/encyclopedia/Amanita-gemmata" onmouseover="pv(event, 582)" onmouseout="unpv(582)" style="">Amanita gemmata • Amanita muscaria • Amanita pantherina • Conocybe cyanopus • Conocybe smithii • Gymnopilus spectabilis • Gymnopilus luteofolius • Inocybe aeruginascens • Index of Psilocybe • Index of Panaeolus • Panaeolus subbalteatus • Panaeolus tropicalis • Pluteus salicinus • Psilocybe • Psilocybe australiana • Psilocybe azurescens • Psilocybe baeocystis • Psilocybe bohemica • Psilocybe caerulipes • Psilocybe cubensis • Psilocybe cyanescens • Psilocybe mexicana • Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata • Psilocybe semilanceata • Psilocybe tampanensis • Psilocybe weilii Psychedelic mushrooms is a general term for fungi that contain psychoactive substances. ... The Amanita Gemmata is a mushroom of the Amanita genus, a genus of fungi inclusive of some of the most deadly mushrooms, as well as notably psychedelic mushrooms. ... Binomial name (L.:Fr. ... Binomial name Amanita pantherina Amanita pantherina is a North American fungus. ... Binomial name Conocybe cyanopus (Atkins) Kuhner Conocybe cyanopus is a member of the genus Conocybe which contains the hallucinogenic compound psilocybin. ... Binomial name Conocybe smithii Watling (1967). ... Gymnopilus spectabilis, also known as Gymnopilus junonius is a large and widely distributed hallucinogenic mushroom which grows in dense clusters on dead hardwoods and conifers. ... Gymnopilus luteofolius, also known as Yellow-Gilled Gymnopilus is a large and widely distributed mushroom which grows in dense clusters on dead hardwoods and conifers. ... Binomial name Inocybe aeruginascens M. Babos (1968) Inocybe aeruginascens is a member of the genus Inocybe which is widely distributed in Europe. ... The following list are the majority of known in the bluing/psychoactive clade of Psilocybe. ... The following is a list of Panaeolus species: P. subbalteatus P. tropicalis Categories: | | | ... Its a sweet hallucinogenic mushroom and a psychoactive species that is found in North America in the Pacific Northwest or in the Gulf States and Mexico. ... Binomial name Panaeolus tropicalis Olah Panaeolus Tropicalis is a potent and hallucinogenic mushroom which contains psilocybin. ... Binomial name Pluteus salicinus (Persoon ex Fries) Kummer Pluteus salicinus is a hallucinogenic mushroom which grows on wood and is widely distributed. ... This article or section is missing citation of sources. ... Psilocybe australiana showing blue brusing Binomial name Psilocybe Australiana Gaston Guzman Psilocybe australiana is a species of psycoactive mushroom found in Victoria, New South Wales, Western Australia and New Zealand. ... Binomial name Psilocybe azurescens Stamets & Gartz Psilocybe azurescens is a psychedelic mushroom whose main active compounds are psilocybin and psilocin. ... Binomial name Psilocybe baeocystis Singer & Smith Psilocybe baeocystis is a psychedelic mushroom of the Agaricales family, having psilocybin and psilocin as main active compounds along with a relatively significant amount of baeocystin. ... Binomial name Psilocybe caerulipes Peck Range of Psilocybe caerulipes Synonyms Agaricus caerulipes Psilocybe caerulipes, also known as Bluefoot is a psilocybin mushroom of the Agaricales family, having psilocybin and psilocin as main active compounds. ... Binomial name Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Singer Psilocybe cubensis is a species of psychedelic mushroom whose principle active compounds are psilocybin and psilocin. ... Binomial name Psilocybe cyanescens Wakefield For information on the effects of this mushroom see the Psilocybin article. ... Binomial name Psilocybe mexicana Psilocybe mexicana is a psychedelic mushroom of the Agaricales family, having psilocybin and psilocin as main active compounds. ... Binomial name Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata GuzmÃ¡n et Gaines Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata is a rare psilocybin-containing mushroom first documented in Pennsylvania and also known from Michigan, Ohio and West Virginia. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Binomial name Psilocybe tampanensis Guzman & Pollock Psilocybe tampanensis is a psychedelic mushroom whose only known natural specimen was collected in the wild by Stephen Pollock, near Tampa, Florida in 1977. ... Binomial name GuzmÃ¡n, Stamets & F. Tapia Range of Psilocybe weilii Psilocybe weilii is a psilocybin-containing mushroom found only in northern Georgia in the United States. ...

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Drugs from PiHKAL

AEM • AL • Aleph • Aleph-2 • Aleph-4 • Aleph-6 • Aleph-7 • Ariadne • Asymbescaline • Buscaline • Beatrice • Bis-TOM • BOB • BOD • BOH • BOHD • BOM • 4-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxyamphetamine • 2-Bromo-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine • 2C-B • 3C-BZ • 2C-C • 2C-D • 2C-E • 3C-E • 2C-F • 2C-G • 2C-G-3 • 2C-G-4 • 2C-G-5 • 2C-G-N • 2C-H • 2C-I • 2C-N • 2C-O • 2C-O-4 • 2C-P • CPM • 2C-SE • 2C-T • 2C-T-2 • 2C-T-4 • psi-2C-T-4 • 2C-T-7 • 2C-T-8 • 2C-T-9 • 2C-T-13 • 2C-T-15 • 2C-T-17 • 2C-T-21 • 4-D • beta-D • DESOXY • 2,4-DMA • 2,5-DMA • 3,4-DMA • DMCPA • DME • DMMDA • DMMDA-2 • DMPEA • DOAM • DOB • DOBU • DOC • DOEF • DOET • DOI • DOM • psi-DOM • DON • DOPR • Escaline • EEE • EEM • EME • EMM • Ethyl-J/EBDB • Ethyl-K • F-2 • F-22 • Flea • 3C-G-3 • 3C-G-4 • 3C-G-5 • 3C-G-N • Ganesha • HOT-2 • HOT-7 • HOT-17 • IDNNA • Isomescaline • Isoproscaline • Iris • J/BDB • Lophophine • Mescaline • 4-MA • Madam-6 • Methallylescaline • MDA • MDAL • MDBU • MDBZ • MDCPM • MDDM • MDE • MDHOET • MDIP • MDMA • MDMC/EDMA • MDMEO • MDMEOET • MDMP • MDOH • MDPEA • MDPH • MDPL • MDPR • Metaescaline • MEDA • MEE • MEM • MEPEA • Meta-DOB • Meta-DOT • Methyl-DMA • Methyl-DOB • Methyl-J/MBDB • Methyl-K • Methyl-MA • Methyl-MMDA-2 • MMDA • MMDA-2 • MMDA-3a • MMDA-3b • MME • Metaproscaline • MPM • Ortho-DOT • Proscaline • Phenescaline • Phenethylamine • Propynyl • Symbescaline • 2,3,4,5-Tetramethoxyamphetamine • 3-TASB • 4-TASB • 5-TASB • Thiobuscaline • 3-TE • 4-TE • 3-TIM • 4-TIM • 5-TIM • 3-TM • 4-TM • TMA • TMA-2 • TMA-3 • TMA-4 • TMA-5 • TMA-6 • 3-TME • 4-TME • 5-TME • 2T-MMDA-3a • 4T-MMDA-2 • 2-TOET • 5-TOET • 2-TOM • 5-TOM • TOMSO • Thioproscaline • Trisescaline • 3-TSB • 4-TSB • 3-T-Trisescaline • 4-T-Trisescaline PiHKAL is a 1991 book by Dr. Alexander Shulgin and Ann Shulgin about psychedelic phenethylamines. ... AEM, or 3,4,5-trimethoxy-alpha-ethylphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Allyloxy, or 4-allyloxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Aleph is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and a substituted amphetamine of the phenethylamine class of compounds, which can be used as an entheogen. ... Aleph is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and a substituted amphetamine of the phenethylamine class of compounds, which can be used as an entheogen. ... Aleph is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and a substituted amphetamine of the phenethylamine class of compounds, which can be used as an entheogen. ... Aleph is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and a substituted amphetamine of the phenethylamine class of compounds, which can be used as an entheogen. ... Aleph is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and a substituted amphetamine of the phenethylamine class of compounds, which can be used as an entheogen. ... Ariadne, or 4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxyalpha-ethylphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Asymbescaline, or 3,4-diethoxy-5-methoxyphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Buscaline, or 3,5-dimethoxy-4-butoxyphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Beatrice, or 4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxymethamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Bis-TOM, or 4-methyl-2,5-dimethylthio-alpha-methylphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and a substituted Amphetamine. ... BOB, or 4-bromo-2,5,beta-trimethoxyphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... BOD, or 4-methyl-2,5,beta-trimethoxyphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... BOH, or 3,4-methylenedioxy-beta-methoxyphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... BOHD, or 4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxy-beta-hydroxyphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... BOM, or 3,4,5,beta-tetramethoxyphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... 4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxyamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and a substituted Amphetamine. ... 2-bromo-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and a substituted Amphetamine. ... 2C-B, or 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxybenzeneethanamine) is a class of phenethylamine, a lesser-known psychedelic drug of the 2C family, an entactogen. ... 3C-BZ, or 3,5-methyloxy-amphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and a substituted Amphetamine. ... 2C-C is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin, sometimes used as an entheogen. ... 2C-D is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin, sometimes used as an entheogen. ... 2C-E (2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylphenethylamine) is a psychedelic drug and phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... 3C-E is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and entheogen of the phenethylamine class of compounds. ... 2C-F, or 4-fluoro-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug of the 2C family. ... Chemical structure of 2C-G 2C-G is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... Chemical structure of 2C-G 2C-G is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... Chemical structure of 2C-G 2C-G is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... Chemical structure of 2C-G 2C-G is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... Chemical structure of 2C-G 2C-G is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... 2C-H, or 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug of the 2C family. ... 2C-I is a psychedelic drug and phenethylamine that was developed and popularized by Alexander Shulgin. ... 2C-N is a psychedelic entheogen first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. ... 2C-O (or Î²-2,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine) is a positional isomer of mescaline and was first synthesized by Jansen in 1931. ... 2C-O-4 (or 4-(i)-propoxy-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine) is a positional isomer of isoproscaline and was probably first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. ... 2C-P is an entheogenic phenethylamine first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. ... CPM, or 4-cyclopropylmethoxy-3,5-methoxy-phenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... 2C-SE, or 2,5-methoxy-4-seleneophenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug of the 2C family. ... Chemical structure of 2C-T - CAS number 61638-09-3 2C-T (or 4-methylthio-2,5-DMPEA) is a psychedelic and hallucinogenic drug, used by some as an entheogen. ... 2C-T-2 is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... 2C-T-4 or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(i)-propylthiophenethylamine is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... 2C-T-4 or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(i)-propylthiophenethylamine is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... 2C-T-7 is a psychedelic phenethylamine and is sometimes used as an entheogen. ... 2C-T-8 is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... 2C-T-9 is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... 2C-T-13 or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(Î²-methoxyethylthio)phenethylamine is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... 2C-T-15 or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(Î²-cyclopropylthio)phenethylamine is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... 2C-T-17 or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(Î²-isobutylthio)phenethylamine is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... 2C-T-21 is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... 4-D, or 3,5-methoxy-4-trideuteromethoxyphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Beta-D, or 3,4,5-trimethoxy-beta-dideuterophenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... 4-desoxymescaline, or DESOXY, is a psychedelic phenethylamine and analogue with four times the potency of mescaline. ... DMA, or dimethoxyamphetamine, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs similar in structure to Amphetamine and to TMA (Trimethoxyamphetamine). ... DMA, or dimethoxyamphetamine, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs similar in structure to Amphetamine and to TMA (Trimethoxyamphetamine). ... DMA, or dimethoxyamphetamine, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs similar in structure to Amphetamine and to TMA (Trimethoxyamphetamine). ... DMCPA, or 4-methyl-2,5-methoxycyclopropylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and a substituted Amphetamine. ... DME, or 3,4-dimethoxy-beta-hydroxyphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... DMMDA, or 2,5-dimethoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and a substituted Amphetamine. ... DMMDA-2 is a psychedelic phenethylamine first synthesised by Alexander Shulgin and popularized by his book PiHKAL. Shulgin, Alexander. ... DMPEA, or 3,4-dimethoxy-phenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... DOAM, or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(n)-amylamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and a substituted Amphetamine. ... DOB (Brolamfetamine, Dr. Bob, Bob or Bromo-DMA) is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and a substituted amphetamine of the phenethylamine class of compounds, which can be used as an entheogen. ... DOBU, or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(n)-butylphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and a substituted Amphetamine. ... DOC (or 4-Chloro-2,5-DMA) is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug of the phenethylamine family. ... DOEF, or 4-fluoroethyl-2,5-methoxyamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and a substituted Amphetamine. ... DOET, HECATE, or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine is an analogue of DOM, and is the three-carbon chain homologue to 2C-E. It produces hallucinogenic, psychedelic, and entheogenic effects. ... DOI or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug of the phenethylamine family. ... DOM (or STP, allegedly standing for Serenity, Tranquillity and Peace) is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug of the phenethylamine class of compounds, sometimes used as an entheogen. ... Î¨-DOM, or 2,6-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine, is a hallucinogenic drug and a structural isomer of the better-known hallucinogen DOM. Î¨-DOM was first reported by Alexander Shulgin in his book PIHKAL. Î¨-DOM has similar effects to DOM, but is only around 1/3 - 1/2 the potency, with an... DON 2,5-dimethoxy-4-nitroamphetamine is an analogue of DOM and DOB. It is also closely related to 2C-N, and produces hallucinogenic, psychedelic, and entheogenic effects. ... DOPR, or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(n)-propylamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and a substituted Amphetamine. ... Escaline is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and entheogen of the phenethylamine class of compounds. ... EEE, or 2,4,5-triethoxyamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... EEM, or 2,4-diethoxy-5-methoxyamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... EME, or 2,5-diethoxy-4-methoxyamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... EMM, or 2-ethoxy-4,5-dimethoxyamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Ethyl-J, EBDB or 3,4-methylenedioxy-alpha,N-diethyl-phenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Ethyl-K, or 3,4-methylenedioxy-alpha-propyl-N-ethyl-phenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... F-2, or 6-(2-aminopropyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... F-22, or 6-(2-aminopropyl)-5-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... FLEA, or 3,4-methylenedioxy-alpha,N-dimethyl-N-hydroxyphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and a substituted Amphetamine. ... Ganesha, or 3,4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Ganesha, or 3,4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Ganesha, or 3,4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Ganesha, or 3,4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Ganesha, or 3,4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... HOT-2, or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(Î²-ethylthio)-N-hydroxyphenethylamine is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... HOT-7, or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(Î²-propylthio)-N-hydroxyphenethylamine, is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... HOT-17, or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(Î²-isobutylthio)-N-hydroxyphenethylamine, is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. ... IDNNA, or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodo-N,N-dimethylamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and a substituted Amphetamine. ... Isomescaline, or 2,3,4-trimethoxyphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Isoproscaline (or 4-(i)-propyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine) is an analogue of mescaline. ... IRIS, or 2-methoxy-5-ethoxy-4-(n)-methylamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and a substituted Amphetamine. ... J, or 3,4-methylenedioxy-alpha-ethyl-phenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Lophophine, homomyristicylamine, (or 3-methoxy-4,5-methylendioxyphenethylamine) is an homologue of MMDA. It is also related to mescaline and Alexander Shulgin suggests it could be a natural component in the peyote cactus because it is the only logical chemical intermediate for the biosynthesis of several of tetrahydroisoquinolines known to... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... 4-MA, or 4-methoxyamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Madam-6, or 4,5-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Methallylescaline, or 4-methallyloxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA or Tenamfetamine), is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and empathogen/entactogen of the phenethylamine family. ... MDAL, or 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-allylamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... MDBU, or 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-butylamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... MDBZ, or 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-benzylamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... MDCPM, or 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-cyclopropylmethylamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... MDDM, or 3,4-methylenedioxy-N,N-dimethylamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... MDEA (also MDE), which stands for 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine, is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and empathogen-entactogen of the phenethylamine family. ... MDHOET, or 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-hydroxyethylamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and a substituted Amphetamine. ... MDIP, or 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methoxyethylamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and a substituted Amphetamine. ... ecstasy and religious ecstasy MDMA, most commonly known today by the street name ecstasy, is a synthetic entactogen of the phenethylamine family whose primary effect is to stimulate the brain to rapidly secrete large amounts of serotonin, causing a general sense of openness, empathy, energy, euphoria, and well-being. ... EDMA, or 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-propylamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and a substituted Amphetamine. ... MDMEO, or 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methoxyamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... MDMEOET, or 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methoxyethylamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... MDMP, or 3,4-methylenedioxy-alpha,alpha,N-methylamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... MDOH, or 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-hydroxyamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... MDPEA, or 3,4-methylenedioxy-phenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... MDPH, or 3,4-methylenedioxy-phentermine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... MDPL, or 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-propargylamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and a substituted Amphetamine. ... MDPR, or 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-propylamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and a substituted Amphetamine. ... Metaescaline, or 3,4-dimethoxy-5-ethoxyphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Meda can refer to: MÃªda, a municipatity of Portugal Meda (Italy), a commune in the province of Milan Category: ... MEE, or 2-methoxy-4,5-diethoxyamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... MEM, or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethoxyamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... MEPEA, or 3-methoxy-4-ethoxyphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Meta-DOB, or 5-bromo-2,4-dimethoxyamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Meta-DOT, or 5-methylthio-2,4-dimethoxyamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Methyl-DMA, or 2,5-dimethoxymethamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Methyl-DOB, or 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxymethamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Also known as EDEN or methyl-j MBDB is an uncommon hallucinogenic phenethylamine, which is closely chemically related to MDMA. It was first synthesized by David E. Nichols, a leading Pharmacologist and Chemist. ... Methyl-K, or 3,4-methylenedioxy-alpha-propyl-N-methylphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Methyl-MA, or 4-methoxymethamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... MMDA, or 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine, is a stimulant, a psychedelic drug, an entheogen, and an entactogen. ... MMDA, or 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine, is a stimulant, a psychedelic drug, an entheogen, and an entactogen. ... MMDA, or 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine, is a stimulant, a psychedelic drug, an entheogen, and an entactogen. ... MMDA, or 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine, is a stimulant, a psychedelic drug, an entheogen, and an entactogen. ... MMDA, or 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine, is a stimulant, a psychedelic drug, an entheogen, and an entactogen. ... MME, or 2,4-dimethoxy-5-ethoxyamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Metaproscaline, or 3,4-dimethoxy-5-propoxyphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... MPM, or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-propoxyamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and a substituted Amphetamine. ... Ortho-DOT, or 4,5-dimethoxy-2-methylthioamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Proscaline (or 4-propoxy-3,5-DMPEA) is a psychedelic and hallucinogenic drug, used by some as an entheogen. ... Phenescaline, or 3,5-dimethoxy-4-phenethoxyphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Phenethylamine, or Î²-Phenylethylamine, is an alkaloid and monoamine. ... Propynyl, or 4-propynyloxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Symbescaline, or 3,5-diethoxy-4-methoxyphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Tetramethoxyamphetamine, or 2,3,4,5-tetramethoxyamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and a substituted Amphetamine. ... TASB, or thioasymbescaline, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs similar in structure to Asymbescaline and to Mescaline. ... TASB, or thioasymbescaline, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs similar in structure to Asymbescaline and to Mescaline. ... TASB, or thioasymbescaline, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs similar in structure to Asymbescaline and to Mescaline. ... Thiobuscaline, or 3,5-dimethoxy-4-butylthiophenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... TE, or thioescaline, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs similar in structure to Escaline. ... TE, or thioescaline, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs similar in structure to Escaline. ... TIM, or thioisomescaline, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs similar in structure to Mescaline. ... TIM, or thioisomescaline, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs similar in structure to Mescaline. ... TIM, or thioisomescaline, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs similar in structure to Mescaline. ... TM, or thiomescaline, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs similar in structure to Mescaline. ... TM, or thiomescaline, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs similar in structure to Mescaline. ... TMAs, also known as trimethoxyamphetamines, are a family of isomeric psychedelic hallucinogenic drugs. ... TMAs, also known as trimethoxyamphetamines, are a family of isomeric psychedelic hallucinogenic drugs. ... TMAs, also known as trimethoxyamphetamines, are a family of isomeric psychedelic hallucinogenic drugs. ... TMAs, also known as trimethoxyamphetamines, are a family of isomeric psychedelic hallucinogenic drugs. ... TMAs, also known as trimethoxyamphetamines, are a family of isomeric psychedelic hallucinogenic drugs. ... TMAs, also known as trimethoxyamphetamines, are a family of isomeric psychedelic hallucinogenic drugs. ... TME, or thiometaescaline, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs similar in structure to Mescaline. ... TME, or thiometaescaline, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs similar in structure to Mescaline. ... TME, or thiometaescaline, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs similar in structure to Mescaline. ... MMDA, or 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine, is a stimulant, a psychedelic drug, an entheogen, and an entactogen. ... MMDA, or 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine, is a stimulant, a psychedelic drug, an entheogen, and an entactogen. ... TOET, or methylthio-ethyl-methoxyamphetamine, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs and substituted Amphetamines. ... TOET, or methylthio-ethyl-methoxyamphetamine, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs and substituted Amphetamines. ... TOM, or methylthio-methyl-methoxyamphetamine, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs and substituted Amphetamines. ... TOM, or methylthio-methyl-methoxyamphetamine, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs and substituted Amphetamines. ... TOMSO, or 2-methoxy-4-methyl-5-methylsulfinylamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and a substituted Amphetamine. ... Thioproscaline, or 3,5-dimethoxy-4-propylthiophenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... Trisescaline, or 3,4,5-triethoxyphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. ... TSB, or thiosymbescaline, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs similar in structure to Symbescaline. ... TSB, or thiosymbescaline, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs similar in structure to Symbescaline. ... T-TRIS, or thiotrisescaline, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs similar in structure to Trisescaline. ... T-TRIS, or thiotrisescaline, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs similar in structure to Trisescaline. ...

v • d • e

Empathogen-entactogens -

5-MeO-DALT | α-ET | bk-MBDB | bk-MDEA | bk-MDMA | DMMDA-2 | IAP | MBDB | MDA | MDEA | MDMA | MMDA The terms empathogen and entactogen are different terms used to describe one class of hallucinogens that function as serotonin releasers; most of these are phenethylamines. ... 5-MeO-DALT (N,N-diallyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a psychedelic tryptamine believed to be first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. ... alpha-Ethyltryptamine, also known as Î±-ethyltryptamine, Î±-ET, or AET, is a psychoactive drug belonging to the tryptamine family. ... bk-MBDB is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug first synthesized by Koeppe, Ludwig and Zeile and mentioned in their 1967 paper. ... Ethylone. ... Explosion Methylone is a designer drug that is a beta-ketone analogue of MDMA (Ecstasy). ... DMMDA-2 is a psychedelic phenethylamine first synthesised by Alexander Shulgin and popularized by his book PiHKAL. Shulgin, Alexander. ... Indanylamphetamine, or [IAP, 1-(5-Indanyl)-2-aminopropane], is chemical relative similar to MDMA. The reported potency is between that MDMA and MBDB. The difference between IAP and MDA is the indanyl- core rather than methylenedioxy-; the two oxygens in methylenedioxy- are instead changed to two methylene molecules. ... Also known as EDEN or methyl-j MBDB is an uncommon hallucinogenic phenethylamine, which is closely chemically related to MDMA. It was first synthesized by David E. Nichols, a leading Pharmacologist and Chemist. ... 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA or Tenamfetamine), is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and empathogen/entactogen of the phenethylamine family. ... MDEA (also MDE), which stands for 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine, is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and empathogen-entactogen of the phenethylamine family. ... MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine), most commonly known today by the street name ecstasy, (often abbreviated to E, X, or XTC) is a semisynthetic entactogen of the phenethylamine family. ... The first prepared and first described positional isomer of methoxymethylenedioxyphenylisopropylamine was the 3,4,5-substituted compound MMDA (51, 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenylisopropylamine, 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine). ...

v • d • e Dissociative hallucinogens
Dextromethorphan, Ketamine, Nitrous oxide, PCP, Salvinorin A, Tiletamine, Memantine

v • d • e Deliriants (anticholinergic hallucinogens)
3-quinuclidinyl benzilate, Atropine, Dimenhydrinate, Diphenhydramine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Cyclizine

v • d • e Cannabinoids
Natural Cannabinoids	CBD • CBDV • CBN • CBG • CBV • CBL • THC • 11-Hydroxy-THC • THCV
Synthetic Cannabinoids	Dronabinol • CP 55,940 • HU-210 • WIN 55,212-2 • Nabilone • Nabitan • Levonantradol • JWH-133 • URB597 • URB754 • Rimonabant • AM251 • AM404 • THC-O-phosphate • THC-O-acetate • Parahexyl • Ajulemic acid
Endogenous Cannabinoids	Anandamide • 2-AG

v • d • e

Psychedelic mushrooms

Amanita gemmata • Amanita muscaria • Amanita pantherina • Conocybe cyanopus • Conocybe smithii • Gymnopilus spectabilis • Gymnopilus luteofolius • Inocybe aeruginascens • Index of Psilocybe • Index of Panaeolus • Panaeolus subbalteatus • Panaeolus tropicalis • Pluteus salicinus • Psilocybe • Psilocybe australiana • Psilocybe azurescens • Psilocybe baeocystis • Psilocybe bohemica • Psilocybe caerulipes • Psilocybe cubensis • Psilocybe cyanescens • Psilocybe mexicana • Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata • Psilocybe semilanceata • Psilocybe tampanensis • Psilocybe weilii A dissociative is a drug which reduces (or blocks) signals to the conscious mind from other parts of the brain, typically, but not necessarily, or limited to the physical senses. ... // Dextromethorphan hydrobromide monohydrate (DM or DXM) is an antitussive drug that is found in many over-the-counter cold and cough preparations. ... Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic for veterinary use. ... R-phrases S-phrases Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, Îµr, etc. ... Phencyclidine (a contraction of the chemical name phenylcyclohexylpiperidine), abbreviated PCP, is a dissociative drug formerly used as an anesthetic agent, exhibiting hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects. ... Salvinorin A is the main active psychotropic constituent of the plant Salvia divinorum (diviners sage, Mexican mint). ... Tiletamine, 2-ethylamino-2-(2-thienyl) cyclohexanone Tiletamine is a dissociative anesthetic chemically and pharmacologically related to other anesthetics in this family such as ketamine and phencyclidine. ... Memantine is the first in a novel class of Alzheimers disease medications acting on the glutamatergic system. ... The deliriants (or anticholinergics) are a special class of dissociatives which are antagonists for the acetylcholine receptors (unlike muscarine and nicotine which are agonists of these receptors). ... An anticholinergic agent is a member of a class of pharmaceutical compounds which serve to reduce the effects mediated by acetylcholine in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. ... Diagram of a BZ molecule 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB), empirical formula C21H23NO3, full chemical name 1-azabicyclo[2. ... Atropine is a tropane alkaloid extracted from the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and other plants of the family Solanaceae. ... Dramamine redirects here. ... Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (trade name Benadryl, as produced by J&J, or Dimedrol outside the U.S.) is an over-the-counter (OTC) antihistamine and sedative. ... Hyoscyamine is a chemical compound, a tropane alkaloid it is the levo-isomer to atropine. ... Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, is a tropane alkaloid drug obtained from plants of the family Solanaceae (nightshades), such as henbane or jimson weed (Datura species). ... Cyclizine is an antihistamine drug used to treat nausea, vomiting and dizziness associated with motion sickness, vertigo and post-operative following administration of general anaesthesia and opioids. ... Cannabinoids are a group of chemicals which activate the bodys cannabinoid receptors. ... Cannabidiol, also known as CBD, is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. ... Cannabidivarine, also known as cannabidivarol or CBDV, is a non_psychoactive cannabinoid found in minor amounts in the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. ... Cannabinol, also known as CBN, is a non_psychoactive cannabinoid found in the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. ... Cannabigerol, also known as CBG, is a non-phychoactive Cannabinoid found in the Cannabis strain of plants. ... Cannabivarin, also known as cannabivarol or CBV, is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in minor amounts in the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. ... Cannabicyclol, also known as CBL, is a non-psychedelic cannabinoids found in the Cannabis species. ... Tetrahydrocannabinol, also known as THC, Î”9-THC, Î”9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), Î”Â¹-tetrahydrocannabinol (using an older numbering scheme), or dronabinol, is the main psychoactive substance found in the Cannabis plant; and additionally so in a variety of other plants. ... 11-hydroxy-THC is the primary active Î”9-THC metabolite. ... Tetrahydrocannabivarin, also known as tetrahydrocannabivarol, THCV, or THV, is a psychoactive cannabinoid found in minor amounts in the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. ... Tetrahydrocannabinol, also known as THC, Δ9-THC, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, Δ1-tetrahydrocannabinol (using an older numbering scheme), or dronabinol, is the main psychoactive substance found in the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. ... Chemical structure of CP 55,940 CP 55,940, also written as CP55940, CP55,940, CP-55940, CP-55,940, and CP 55940, is a cannabinoid which mimics the effects of naturally occurring THC (the psychoactive compound found in marijuana). ... HU-210 HU-210 (CAS# 112830-95-2) is a synthetic cannabinoid that was discovered around 1988 in the group of Dr Raphael Mechoulam at the Hebrew University. ... WIN 55,212-2 is a chemical agent in the Cannabinoid family. ... Nabilone is a cannabinoid with therapeutic use as an antiemetic. ... Nabitan (Nabutam, Benzopyranoperidine) is a synthetic cannabinoid analog of dronabinol (Marinol). ... Levonantradol is a synthetic cannabinoid analog of dronabinol (Marinol). ... JWH-133 is a potent selective CB2 receptor agonist. ... URB597 urb597 In pre-clinical laboratory tests researchers found URB597 increased the production of endocannabinoids by blocking their degradation, resulting in measurable antidepressant effects. ... urb754 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) is an endogenous agonist of the central cannabinoid receptor (CB1) receptor. ... Rimonabant (SR141716) is an anorectic anti-obesity drug. ... AM251 is a CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist. ... AM404 AM404 also known as N-arachidonoylphenolamine is an active metabolite of Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) responsible for all or part of its analgesic action. ... THC phosphate ester is a water soluble derivative of THC, invented in 1978 in an attempt to get around the poor water solubility of THC and make it easier to inject for the purposes of animal research into its pharmacology and mechanism of action. ... THC acetate ester is a derivative of THC which has been found by the DEA as an apparent controlled substance analogue of THC. It was apparently made by extracting and purifying THC from cannabis plant material followed by reaction with acetic anhydride in an analogous manner to how heroin is... Parahexyl (Synhexyl, n-hexyl-Î”3THC) is a synthetic analogue of THC, which was invented in the 1950s during attempts to elucidate the structure of Î”9THC, the active component of cannabis. ... Ajulemic acid (IP-751) is a synthetic cannabinoid derivative of the non-psychoactive THC metabolite 11-carboxy-THC which shows useful analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects without causing a subjective high.[1] It is being developed for the treatment of neuropathic pain and inflammatory conditions such as arthritis. ... Anandamide, also known as arachidonoylethanolamine or AEA, is a naturally occurring endogenous cannabinoid neurotransmitter found in the brain of animals, as well as other organs. ... ... Psychedelic mushrooms is a general term for fungi that contain psychoactive substances. ... The Amanita Gemmata is a mushroom of the Amanita genus, a genus of fungi inclusive of some of the most deadly mushrooms, as well as notably psychedelic mushrooms. ... Binomial name (L.:Fr. ... Binomial name Amanita pantherina Amanita pantherina is a North American fungus. ... Binomial name Conocybe cyanopus (Atkins) Kuhner Conocybe cyanopus is a member of the genus Conocybe which contains the hallucinogenic compound psilocybin. ... Binomial name Conocybe smithii Watling (1967). ... Gymnopilus spectabilis, also known as Gymnopilus junonius is a large and widely distributed hallucinogenic mushroom which grows in dense clusters on dead hardwoods and conifers. ... Gymnopilus luteofolius, also known as Yellow-Gilled Gymnopilus is a large and widely distributed mushroom which grows in dense clusters on dead hardwoods and conifers. ... Binomial name Inocybe aeruginascens M. Babos (1968) Inocybe aeruginascens is a member of the genus Inocybe which is widely distributed in Europe. ... The following list are the majority of known in the bluing/psychoactive clade of Psilocybe. ... The following is a list of Panaeolus species: P. subbalteatus P. tropicalis Categories: | | | ... Its a sweet hallucinogenic mushroom and a psychoactive species that is found in North America in the Pacific Northwest or in the Gulf States and Mexico. ... Binomial name Panaeolus tropicalis Olah Panaeolus Tropicalis is a potent and hallucinogenic mushroom which contains psilocybin. ... Binomial name Pluteus salicinus (Persoon ex Fries) Kummer Pluteus salicinus is a hallucinogenic mushroom which grows on wood and is widely distributed. ... This article or section is missing citation of sources. ... Psilocybe australiana showing blue brusing Binomial name Psilocybe Australiana Gaston Guzman Psilocybe australiana is a species of psycoactive mushroom found in Victoria, New South Wales, Western Australia and New Zealand. ... Binomial name Psilocybe azurescens Stamets & Gartz Psilocybe azurescens is a psychedelic mushroom whose main active compounds are psilocybin and psilocin. ... Binomial name Psilocybe baeocystis Singer & Smith Psilocybe baeocystis is a psychedelic mushroom of the Agaricales family, having psilocybin and psilocin as main active compounds along with a relatively significant amount of baeocystin. ... Binomial name Psilocybe caerulipes Peck Range of Psilocybe caerulipes Synonyms Agaricus caerulipes Psilocybe caerulipes, also known as Bluefoot is a psilocybin mushroom of the Agaricales family, having psilocybin and psilocin as main active compounds. ... Binomial name Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Singer Psilocybe cubensis is a species of psychedelic mushroom whose principle active compounds are psilocybin and psilocin. ... Binomial name Psilocybe cyanescens Wakefield For information on the effects of this mushroom see the Psilocybin article. ... Binomial name Psilocybe mexicana Psilocybe mexicana is a psychedelic mushroom of the Agaricales family, having psilocybin and psilocin as main active compounds. ... Binomial name Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata GuzmÃ¡n et Gaines Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata is a rare psilocybin-containing mushroom first documented in Pennsylvania and also known from Michigan, Ohio and West Virginia. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Binomial name Psilocybe tampanensis Guzman & Pollock Psilocybe tampanensis is a psychedelic mushroom whose only known natural specimen was collected in the wild by Stephen Pollock, near Tampa, Florida in 1977. ... Binomial name GuzmÃ¡n, Stamets & F. Tapia Range of Psilocybe weilii Psilocybe weilii is a psilocybin-containing mushroom found only in northern Georgia in the United States. ...

v • d • e Major Drug Groups
Gastrointestinal tract (A)	Antacids • Antiemetics (H₂-receptor antagonists) • Proton pump inhibitors • Laxatives • Antidiarrhoeals
Blood and blood forming organs (B)	Anticoagulants • Antiplatelets • Thrombolytics
Cardiovascular system (C)	Antiarrhythmics • Antihypertensives • Diuretics • Vasodilators • Antianginals • Beta blockers • Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors • Antihyperlipidemics
Skin (D)	Antipruritics
Reproductive system (G)	Hormonal contraception • Fertility agents • Selective estrogen receptor modulators
Endocrine system (H)	Corticosteroids • Anti-diabetics
Infections and Infestations (J, P)	Antibiotics • Antivirals • Vaccines • Antifungals • Antiprotozoals • Anthelmintics
Malignant and Immune disease (L)	Anticancer agents • Immunosuppressants
Muscles, Bones, and Joints (M)	Anti-inflammatories • Antirheumatics • Corticosteroids • Muscle relaxants
Brain and Nervous system (N)	Anesthetics • Analgesics • Anticonvulsants • Mood stabilizers • Anxiolytics • Antipsychotics • Antidepressants • Nervous system stimulants
Respiratory system (R)	Bronchodilators • Decongestants • Antihistamines

Categories: Articles with unsourced statements since April 2007 | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements since March 2007 | Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants Upper and Lower gastrointestinal tract The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), also called the digestive tract, or the alimentary canal, is the system of organs within multicellular animals that takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... A bottle of antacid tablets An antacid is any substance, generally a base, which counteracts stomach acidity. ... An antiemetic is a drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea. ... An H2-receptor antagonist, often shortened to H2 antagonist, is a drug used to block the action of histamine on parietal cells in the stomach, decreasing acid production by these cells. ... Proton pump inhibitors (or PPIs) are a group of drugs whose main action is pronounced and long-lasting reduction of gastric acid production. ... Laxatives are foods, compounds, or drugs taken to induce bowel movements, most often taken to treat constipation. ... An antidiarrhoeal drug is the term used for any drug which provides symptomatic relief for diarrhoea. ... Human blood smear: a - erythrocytes; b - neutrophil; c - eosinophil; d - lymphocyte. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... An anticoagulant is a substance that prevents coagulation; that is, it stops blood from clotting. ... An antiplatelet drug is a member of a class of pharmaceuticals that decreases platelet aggregation and inhibits thrombus formation. ... Thrombolytic drugs are used in medicine to dissolve blood clots in a procedure termed thrombolysis. ... The circulatory system or cardiovascular system is the organ system which circulates blood around the body of most animals. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... Antiarrhythmic agents are a group of pharmaceuticals that are used to suppress fast rhythms of the heart (cardiac arrhythmias), such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation. ... Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used in medicine and pharmacology to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). ... A diuretic (colloquially called a water pill) is any drug or herb that elevates the rate of bodily urine excretion (diuresis). ... Vasodilation is where blood vessels in the body become wider following the relaxation of the smooth muscle in the vessel wall. ... An antianginal is any drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris, a symptom of ischaemic heart disease. ... Beta blockers or beta-adrenergic blocking agents are a class of drugs used to treat a variety of cardiovascular conditions and some other diseases. ... Captopril, the first ACE inhibitor ACE inhibitors, or inhibitors of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme, are a group of pharmaceuticals that are used primarily in treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure, in most cases as the drugs of first choice. ... Hypolipidemic agents, or antihyperlipidemic agents, are a diverse group of pharmaceuticals that are used in the treatment of hyperlipidemias. ... Beyond overall skin structure, refer below to: See-also. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... Antipruritic is a drug which reduces pruritis, or itching. ... The reproductive system is the ensembles and interactions of organs and/or substances within an organism that strictly pertain to reproduction. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... Hormonal contraception refers to birth control methods that act on the hormonal system. ... Fertility medication may in a larger sense include any medication that enhances fertility, but in a specific sense consists of agents that stimulate follicle development of the ovary. ... Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) is a class of medication that acts on the estrogen receptor. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... In physiology, corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex. ... An anti-diabetic drug or oral hypoglycemic agent is used to treat diabetes mellitus. ... An infection is the detrimental colonization of a host organism by a foreign species. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... Staphylococcus aureus - Antibiotics test plate. ... Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used specifically for treating viral infections. ... A vaccine is an antigenic preparation used to establish immunity to a disease. ... An antifungal drug is medication used to treat fungal infections such as athletes foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others. ... Antiprotozoal agents (ATC code: ATC P01) is a class of pharmaceuticals used in treatment of protozoal infections. ... Anthelmintics (in the U.S., antihelminthics) are drugs that expel parasitic worms (helminthes) from the body or kill them. ... In medicine, malignant is a clinical term that means to be severe and become progressively worse, as in malignant hypertension. ... A scanning electron microscope image of a single neutrophil (yellow), engulfing anthrax bacteria (orange). ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... Chemotherapy is the use of chemical substances to treat disease. ... For a list of immunosuppressive drugs, see the transplant rejection page. ... A top-down view of skeletal muscle Muscle (from Latin musculus little mouse [1]) is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. ... Grays Anatomy illustration of a human femur. ... A joint is the location at which two or more bones make contact. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... Anti-inflammatory refers to the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation. ... Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs is a category of drugs used in many autoimmune diseases to slow down disease progression. ... In physiology, corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex. ... A muscle relaxant is a drug which decreases the tone of a muscle. ... In animals, the brain or encephalon (Greek for in the head), is the control center of the central nervous system, responsible for behaviour. ... The Human Nervous System A human being coordinates its nervous system, the activity of the muscles, monitors the organs, constructs and also stops input from the senses, and initiates actions. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... Anesthesia or anaesthesia (see spelling differences) has traditionally meant the condition of having the perception of pain and other sensations blocked. ... An analgesic (colloquially known as a painkiller) is any member of the diverse group of drugs used to relieve pain (achieve analgesia). ... The anticonvulsants, sometimes also called antiepileptics, belong to a diverse group of pharmaceuticals used in prevention of the occurrence of epileptic seizures. ... A mood stabilizer is a psychiatric medication used to treat mood disorders characterized by rapid and unstable mood shifts. ... An anxiolytic is a drug prescribed for the treatment of symptoms of anxiety. ... The term antipsychotic is applied to a group of drugs used to treat psychosis. ... A recent form of antidepressant medication - Prozac Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, Venlafaxine An antidepressant, in the most common usage, is a psychiatric medication taken to alleviate clinical depression or dysthymia (milder depression). ... Stimulants are drugs that temporarily increase alertness and wakefulness. ... The Respiratory System Among four-legged animals, the respiratory system generally includes tubes, such as the bronchi, used to carry air to the lungs, where gas exchange takes place. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... A bronchodilator is a medication intended to improve bronchial airflow. ... A decongestant is a broad class of drugs designed to symptomatically treat ailments affecting the respiratory system. ... An antihistamine is a drug which serves to reduce or eliminate effects mediated by histamine, an endogenous chemical mediator released during allergic reactions, through action at the histamine receptor. ...

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Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants (3180 words)
	The deliriants (or anticholinergics) are a special class of dissociative which are antagonists for the acetylcholine receptors (unlike muscarine and nicotine which are agonists of these receptors).
	Deliriants are considered to be true hallucinogens as users will have conversations with people who aren't there, or become angry with a 'person' mimicking their actions, not realizing it is their own reflection in a mirror (which could be dangerous if they became aggressive towards a glass mirror).
	While the regular dissociatives can produce effects similar to lucid dreaming (where one is consciously aware they are dreaming), the deliriants have effects akin to sleepwalking (where one doesn't remember what transpired during the experience).

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Contents

Psychedelics

Dissociatives

Deliriants

History of use