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Psychohistory is the study of the psychological motivations of historical events. It combines the insights of psychotherapy with the research methodology of the social sciences to understand the emotional origin of the social and political behavior of groups and nations, past and present. This field of study is considered by some to have significant differences from the mainstream fields of history and psychology. Psychotherapy is an interpersonal, relational intervention used by trained psychotherapists to aid clients in problems of living. ...
The social sciences are a group of academic disciplines that study human aspects of the world. ...
HIStory - Past, Present and Future, Book I is a double-disc album (one half greatest hits, one half studio album) by American musician Michael Jackson released in June of 1995 by the Epic Records division of Sony BMG. The first disc, (HIStory Begins) contains fifteen hit singles from the past...
Psychology (from Greek: ψυχή, psukhē, spirit, soul; and λόγος, logos, knowledge) is an academic / applied discipline involving the scientific study of mental processes and behavior of humans and animals. ...
Description
 Rembrandt's painting of the sacrifice of Isaac, from the Old Testament. Psychohistory derives many of its insights from areas that are perceived to be ignored by conventional historians as shaping factors of human history, in particular, the effects of childbirth, parenting practice, and child abuse. The historical impact of incest, infanticide and child sacrifice are considered. Psychohistory holds that human societies can change between infanticidal and non-infanticidal practices and has coined the term "early infanticidal childrearing" to describe abuse and neglect observed by many anthropologists. Lloyd deMause, the pioneer of psychohistory, has described a system of psychogenic modes which describe the range of styles of parenting he has observed historically and across cultures. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1256x1824, 274 KB) Description: Title: de: Der Engel verhindert die Opferung Isaaks Technique: de: Öl auf Leinwand Dimensions: de: 193 × 133 cm Country of origin: de: Niederlande (Holland) Current location (city): de: St. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1256x1824, 274 KB) Description: Title: de: Der Engel verhindert die Opferung Isaaks Technique: de: Öl auf Leinwand Dimensions: de: 193 × 133 cm Country of origin: de: Niederlande (Holland) Current location (city): de: St. ...
Childbirth (also called labour, birth, partus or parturition) is the culmination of a human pregnancy or gestation period with the delivery of one or more newborn infants from the mothers uterus. ...
// Parenting is the process of raising and educating a child from birth until adulthood. ...
Child abuse is the physical, sexual, or emotional maltreatment or neglect of children by parents, guardians, or others. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
In sociology and biology, infanticide is the practice of intentionally causing the death of an infant of a given species, by members of the same species - often by the mother. ...
Child sacrifice is the ritualistic killing of children in order to please, propitiate or force supernatural beings in order to achieve a desired result. ...
Early infanticidal childrearing is a psychohistorical model developed by Lloyd deMause within the framework of psychohistory which purports that childrearing in the paleolithic era and in contemporary pre-literate hunter-gatherer tribes can be summarized by three basic ideas: children are not considered human infants are useful to parents as...
Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...
Many political scientists and historians teach that social behavior is usually for rational reasons rather than irrational ones, and that international violence is often instigated for economic gain. Psychohistorians, on the other hand, suggest that social behavior may be a self-destructive re-enactment of earlier abuse and neglect; that unconscious flashbacks to early fears and destructive parenting could dominate individual and social behavior. The Politics series Politics Portal This box: Political Science is the field concerning the theory and practice of politics and the description and analysis of political systems and political behaviour. ...
HIStory - Past, Present and Future, Book I is a double-disc album (one half greatest hits, one half studio album) by American musician Michael Jackson released in June of 1995 by the Epic Records division of Sony BMG. The first disc, (HIStory Begins) contains fifteen hit singles from the past...
Psychohistory has been credited with helping to revitalize the historical biography. Notable examples of psychobiographies are those of Lewis Namier, who wrote about the British House of Commons and Fawn Brodie, who wrote about Thomas Jefferson. Psychobiography is a type of biography that seeks to understand individual, often historical, people and their motivations in history. ...
Sir Lewis Bernstein Namier (June 27, 1888 – August 19, 1960) was a significant English historian. ...
The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ...
Fawn McKay Brodie (September 15, 1915 – January 10, 1981) was a teacher and biographer. ...
Thomas Jefferson (13 April 1743 N.S.–4 July 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801–09), the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential Founding Fathers for his promotion of the ideals of Republicanism in the United States. ...
Areas of Psychohistorical Study There are three inter-related areas of psychohistorical study. - The History of Childhood - which looks at such questions as:
- How have children been raised throughout history
- How has the family been constituted
- How and why have practices changed over time
- The changing place and value of children in society over time
- How and why our views of child abuse and neglect have changed
- Psychobiography - which seeks to understand individual historical people and their motivations in history.
- Group Psychohistory - which seeks to understand the motivations of large groups, including nations, in history and current affairs. In doing so, psychohistory advances the use of group-fantasy analysis of political speeches, political cartoons and media headlines since the fantasy words therein offer clues to unconscious thinking and behaviors.
Psychobiography is a type of biography that seeks to understand individual, often historical, people and their motivations in history. ...
Emergence as a Discipline Sigmund Freud's well known work, Civilization and Its Discontents (1929), included an analysis of history based on his theory of psychoanalysis. Sigmund Freud (IPA: ), born Sigismund Schlomo Freud (May 6, 1856 – September 23, 1939), was a Jewish-Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist who co-founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology. ...
Civilization and Its Discontents is a book written by Sigmund Freud in the decade preceding his death in 1938. ...
Wilhelm Reich combined his psychoanalytic and political theories in his book Mass Psychology of Fascism in 1933. Wilhelm Reich (March 24, 1897 – November 3, 1957) was an Austrian psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. ...
The psychologist and philosopher Erich Fromm wrote about the psychological motivation behind political ideology, starting with The Fear of Freedom in 1941. Erich Fromm Erich Pinchas Fromm (March 23, 1900 – March 18, 1980) was an internationally renowned Jewish-German-American social psychologist, psychoanalyst, and humanistic philosopher. ...
Its first academic use appeared in Erik Erikson's book Young Man Luther (1958), where the author called for a discipline of "psycho-history" to examine the impact of human character on history. Erik Erikson June 15, 1902 - May 12, 1994 Erik Homburger Erikson (June 15, 1902 – May 12, 1994) was a German developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known for his theory on social development of human beings, and for coining the phrase identity crisis. ...
Lloyd deMause developed a formal psychohistorical approach from 1974 onwards, and continues to be an influential theorist in this field. Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...
Other notable psychohistorians include Alice Miller and Julian Jaynes, though they are rarely thought of as being specifically psychohistorians. Alice Miller (born 1923) is a psychologist noted for her work on child abuse and its effects upon society as well as the lives of individuals. ...
Julian Jaynes Julian Jaynes (February 27, 1920 - November 21, 1997) was an American psychologist, best known for his book The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind (1976), in which he argues that ancient peoples were not conscious as we consider the term today, and that the...
Independence as a Discipline DeMause and others have argued that psychohistory is a separate field of scholarly inquiry with its own particular methods, objectives and theories, which set it apart from conventional historical analysis and anthropology. Some historians, social scientists and anthropologists have, however, argued that their disciplines already describe psychological motivation and that Psychohistory is not, therefore, a separate subject. Others have dismissed deMause's theories and motives arguing that the emphasis given by Psychohistory to speculation on the psychological motivations of people in history make it an undisciplined field of study. Doubt has also been cast on the viability of the application of post-mortem psychoanalysis by Freud's followers.[1] [2] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1200 × 1600 pixel, file size: 567 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Today, the owner sent me an email stating that he releases the image with a free license. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1200 × 1600 pixel, file size: 567 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Today, the owner sent me an email stating that he releases the image with a free license. ...
A pictorial representation of Huitzilopochtli from the Instituto Nacional de AntropologÃa e História, México In Aztec mythology, Huitzilopochtli, also spelled Uitzilopochtli, (IPA: (Hummingbird of the South, He of the South, Hummingbird on the Left (South), or Left-Handed Humming Bird – huitzil is the Nahuatl word for hummingbird...
The Great Pyramid or Templo Mayor was the main temple of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan (modern Mexico City). ...
Anthropology (from Greek: ἀνθÏωπος, anthropos, human being; and λόγος, logos, knowledge) is the comparative study of the physical and social characteristics of humanity through the examination of historical and present geographical distribution, cultural history, acculturation, and cultural relationships. ...
Psychohistorians maintain that the difference is one of emphasis and that, in conventional study, narrative and description are central, while psychological motivation is hardly touched on. For deMause, child abuse takes the center stage. Psychohistorians accuse most anthropologists and ethnologists of being apologists for incest, infanticide, cannibalism and child sacrifice. They maintain that what constitutes child abuse is a matter of objective fact, and that some of the practices which mainstream anthropologists apologize for may result in psychosis, dissociation and magical thinking: particularly for the surviving children who had a sacrificed brother or sister by their parents. Psychohistorians also believe that the extreme cultural relativism proposed by many anthropologists is contrary to the letter and spirit of human rights. Ethnologyis a genre of cultural anthropology and| anthropological study, involving the systematic comparison of the beliefs and practices of different societies. ...
This article is about consuming ones own species. ...
Psychosis is a generic psychiatric term for a mental state often described as involving a loss of contact with reality. Stedmans Medical Dictionary defines psychosis as a severe mental disorder, with or without organic damage, characterized by derangement of personality and loss of contact with reality and causing deterioration...
Cultural relativism is the principle that an individual humans beliefs and activities are interpreted in terms of his or her own culture. ...
Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ...
Psychogenic mode A "psychogenic mode" in Psychohistory is a type of mentality (or psychoclass) that results from, and is associated with, a particular childrearing style.
The major psychogenic modes described by Lloyd deMause are:
| Mode | Childrearing Characteristics | Historical Manifestations | | Infanticidal | Early infanticidal childrearing:
Ritual sacrifice. High infanticide rates, incest, body mutilation, child rape and tortures. | Child sacrifice and infanticide among tribal societies, Mesoamerica and the Incas; in Assyrian and Canaanite religions. Phoenicians, Carthaginians and other early states also sacrificed infants to their gods. On the other hand, the relatively more enlightened Greeks and Romans exposed some of their babies (“late” infanticidal childrearing). | Late infanticidal childrearing:
While the young child is not overly rejected by the mother, many newborn babies, especially girls, are exposed to death. | | Abandoning | Early Christians considered a child as having a soul at birth, although possessed by evil tendencies. Routine infanticide was replaced by joining in the group fantasy of the sacrifice of Christ, who was sent by his father to be killed for the sins of others. Routine pederasty of boys continued in monasteries and elsewhere, and the rape of girls was commonplace. | Infanticide replaced by abandonment. At least those children who survived the experience didn’t internalize a completely murderous superego. Longer swaddling, fosterage, outside wetnursing, oblation of children to monasteries & nunneries, and apprenticeship. | | Ambivalent | The twelfth century saw the first child instruction manuals and rudimentary child protection laws, although most mothers still emotionally rejected their children. Children were often treated as erotic objects by adults. | The later Middle Ages ended abandonment of children to monasteries. Enemas, early beating, shorter swaddling, mourning for deceased children, a precursor to empathy. | | Intrusive | During the sixteenth century, particularly in England, parents shifted from trying to stop children’s growth to trying to control them and make them obedient. Parents were prepared to give them attention as long as they controlled their minds, their insides, their anger and the lives they led. | The intrusive parent began to unswaddle the infant. Early toilet training, repression of child's sexuality. Hell threats turned into the Puritan child so familiar from early modern childrearing literature. On the other hand, the end of swaddling and wet-nursing made possible the explosive modern takeoff in scientific advance. | | Socializing | Beginning in the eighteenth century, mothers began to actually enjoy child care, and fathers began to participate in younger children’s development. The aim remained instilling parental goals rather than encouraging individuation. Psychological manipulation and spanking were used to make children obedient. Hellfire and the harsher physical disciplinary actions using objects to beat the child disappeared. The Socializing Mode remains the most popular model of parenting in North America and Western Europe to the present day. | Use of guilt, "mental discipline", humiliation, rise of compulsory schooling, delegation of parental unconscious wishes. As parental injections continued to diminish, the rearing of the child became less a process of conquering its will than of training it. The socializing psychoclass built the modern world. | | Helping | Beginning in the mid-twentieth century, some parents adopted the role of helping children reach their own goals in life, rather than "socialize" them into fulfilling parental wishes. Less psychological manipulation, more unconditional love. Children raised in this way are far more empathic towards others in society than earlier generations. | Children's rights movement, deschooling and free schooling, natural childbirth, Taking Children Seriously and the abandonment of circumcision. | Psychohistorians maintain that the six modes of abusive childrearing (excluding the "helping mode") are related to psychiatric disorders from psychoses to neuroses. Early infanticidal childrearing is a psychohistorical model developed by Lloyd deMause within the framework of psychohistory which purports that childrearing in the paleolithic era and in contemporary pre-literate hunter-gatherer tribes can be summarized by three basic ideas: children are not considered human infants are useful to parents as...
Child sacrifice is the ritualistic killing of children in order to please, propitiate or force supernatural beings in order to achieve a desired result. ...
In sociology and biology, infanticide is the practice of intentionally causing the death of an infant of a given species, by members of the same species - often by the mother. ...
The remains of a sacrificed boy to Huitzilopochtli in the Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan (photo by Héctor Monta). ...
An Assyrian winged bull, or lamassu. ...
For other uses, see Canaan (disambiguation). ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Child abandonment is the practice of abandoning offspring outside of legal adoption. ...
Swaddling is an age-old practice of wrapping infants snugly in swaddling cloths, blankets or similar cloth so that movement of the limbs is tightly restricted. ...
Fosterage was a traditional custom in the Hebrides. ...
A wet nurse is a woman who nurses a baby not her own. ...
Apprenticeship is a system of training a new generation of skilled crafts practitioners, which is still popular in some countries. ...
It has been suggested that Clyster be merged into this article or section. ...
Not to be confused with Pity, Sympathy, or Compassion. ...
Psychological repression, or simply repression, is the psychological act of excluding desires and impulses (wishes, fantasies or feelings) from ones consciousness and attempting to hold or subdue them in the subconscious. ...
For other uses, see Hell (disambiguation). ...
Humiliation is literally the act of being made humble, or reduced in standing or prestige. ...
Compulsory education is education which children are required by law to receive and governments to provide. ...
Manifestations Slavery · Racial profiling · Lynching Hate speech · Hate crime · Hate groups Genocide · Holocaust · Pogrom Ethnocide · Ethnic cleansing · Race war Religious persecution · Gay bashing Movements Discriminatory Aryanism · Neo-Nazism · Supremacism Fundamentalism · Kahanism Anti-discriminatory Abolitionism · Civil rights · Gay rights Womens/Universal suffrage · Mens rights Childrens rights · Youth rights...
Deschooling is a term used by both education philosophers and proponents of alternative education and/or homeschooling, which refers to different things in each context. ...
A free school is a decentralized network in which skills, information, and knowledge are shared without hierarchy and the institutional environment of formal schooling. ...
Natural childbirth is a childbirth philosophy that attempts to minimize medical intervention, particularly the use of anesthetic medications and surgical interventions such as episiotomies, forceps and ventouse deliveries and caesarean sections. ...
Taking Children Seriously, TCS, is a worldwide parenting movement and educational philosophy based upon the idea that it is possible and desirable to raise and educate children without either doing anything to them against their will, or making them do anything against their will. ...
This article is about male circumcision. ...
The “Trauma model†of mental disorders is an expression coined by psychiatrist Colin Ross as a solution to the problem of comorbidity in the mental health field. ...
The chart below shows the dates at which these modes are believed to have evolved in the most advanced nations, based on contemporary accounts from historical records. A black and white version of the chart appears in Foundations of Psychohistory.[3] The timeline doesn't apply to hunter-gatherer societies. It doesn't apply either to the Greek and Roman world, where there was a wide variation in childrearing practices. It is notable that the arrival of the Ambivalent mode of child-rearing preceded the start of the Renaissance (mid 1300s) by only one or two generations, and the arrival of the Socializing mode coincided with the Age of Enlightenment, which began in the late 1700s. In anthropology, the hunter-gatherer way of life is that led by certain societies of the Neolithic Era based on the exploitation of wild plants and animals. ...
Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area - City 1,285 km² (580 sq mi) - Urban 5...
The Renaissance (French for rebirth, or Rinascimento in Italian), was a cultural movement in Italy (and in Europe in general) that began in the late Middle Ages, and spanned roughly the 14th through the 17th century. ...
The Age of Enlightenment (French: ; German: ) was an eighteenth-century movement in European and American philosophy, or the longer period including the Age of Reason. ...
Newspaper reports of child abuse (e.g., the exposure of baby girls in India explains why millions of women are “missing” in that country) demonstrate that the earlier forms of childrearing coexist with later modes, even in the most advanced countries. However, the chart should not be regarded as an accurate representation of the relative prevalence of each mode in the present day, as it is not based on large-scale, formal surveys.
According to psychohistory theory, each of the six psychoclasses co-exists in the modern world today, and regardless of the changes in the environment, it is only when changes in childhood occur that societies begin to progress. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
A psychoclass for postmodern times In The Emotional Life of Nations deMause wrote: "My conclusion from a lifetime of study of the history of childhood is that society is founded upon the abuse of children". According to the psychogenic theory, since Neanderthal man most tribes and families practiced infanticide, child mutilation, incest and beating of their children throughout prehistory and history. Presently the Western socializing mode of childrearing is considered much less abusive in the field, though this mode is not yet entirely free of abuse. | “ | Each generation begins anew with fresh, eager, trusting faces of babies, ready to love and create a new world. And each generation of parents tortures, abuses, neglects, and dominates its children until they become emotionally crippled adults who repeat in nearly exact detail the social violence and domination that existed in previous decades. [4] | ” | There is notwithstanding an optimistic trait in the field. Psychohistorians believe that when violence against children disappears the murderous drive of serial killers and terrorists will fade away.[5] Political violence of any other sort will disappear as well, along with religion itself, magical thinking, mental disorders, crime, jails, wars and other inhumanities of man against man.[6]
Organizations and Centers of Study The principal centre for psychohistorical study is The Institute for Psychohistory which has 19 branches around the globe and has for over 30 years published the Journal of Psychohistory. The Journal of Psychohistory is a scientific journal in the field of psychohistory published by the Institute for Psychohistory. ...
The International Psychohistorical Association is the professional organization for the field of psychohistory. It publishes Psychohistory News and has a psychohistorical mail order lending library. It hosts an annual convention.
Psychohistory is taught at a few universities as an adjunct to history or social science or as a post graduate study. The following have published course details: Boston University, City University of New York, University of Nevada, State University of New York at Rockland, and Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut. For similarly-named academic institutions, see Boston (disambiguation). ...
The City University of New York (CUNY; acronym: IPA pronunciation: ), is the public university system of New York City. ...
The University of Nevada, Reno (Nevada or UNR) is a university located in Reno, Nevada, USA, and is known for its programs in agricultural research, animal biotechnology, and mining-related engineering and natural sciences. ...
The State University of New York, abbreviated SUNY (IPA pronunciation: ) is a system of public institutions of higher education in New York, United States. ...
Rockland is the name of several places. ...
Wesleyan University, founded in 1831, is a private liberal arts college in Middletown, Connecticut. ...
Nickname: Forest City Coordinates: NECTA Hartford Region Midstate Region Incorporated (town) 1651 Incorporated (city) 1784 Consolidated 1923 Government type Mayor-council Mayor Sebastian N. Giuliano Area - City 42. ...
Notable psychohistorians - David Beisel, Professor of History, SUNY Rockland.
- Rudolph Binion, Professor of Modern European History, Brandeis University (see faculty bio).
- Lloyd deMause, founder of The Institute for Psychohistory.
- Robert Jay Lifton, a psychiatrist specializing in psychological motivations for war and terrorism.
- Peter Loewenberg, Department of History, UCLA (see faculty bio).
- Bruce Mazlish, Professor of History, Emeritus, MIT (see faculty bio).
- Charles Strozier, Professor of History, Graduate Center, CUNY (see resumé at the Center for Millennial Studies).
Usen Castle, the most recognized building on campus Brandeis University is a private university located in Waltham, Massachusetts, United States. ...
Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...
Robert Jay Lifton (born May 16, 1926) is a prominent American psychiatrist and author, chiefly known for his studies of the psychological causes and effects of war and political violence. ...
Binomial name Ucla xenogrammus Holleman, 1993 The largemouth triplefin, Ucla xenogrammus, is a fish of the family Tripterygiidae and only member of the genus Ucla, found in the Pacific Ocean from Viet Nam, the Philippines, Palau and the Caroline Islands to Papua New Guinea, Australia (including Christmas Island), and the...
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private, coeducational research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. ...
The City University of New York (CUNY; acronym: IPA pronunciation: ), is the public university system of New York City. ...
See also Alice Miller (born 1923) is a psychologist noted for her work on child abuse and its effects upon society as well as the lives of individuals. ...
In psychology, bicameralism is a controversial theory which argues that the human brain once assumed a state known as a bicameral mind in which cognitive functions are divided between one part of the brain which appears to be speaking, and a second part which listens and obeys. ...
The remains of a sacrificed boy to Huitzilopochtli in the Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan (photo by Héctor Monta). ...
Note: for practices of systematically killing very young children, see infanticide For the killing of ones own children, see filicide. ...
Early infanticidal childrearing is a psychohistorical model developed by Lloyd deMause within the framework of psychohistory which purports that childrearing in the paleolithic era and in contemporary pre-literate hunter-gatherer tribes can be summarized by three basic ideas: children are not considered human infants are useful to parents as...
For historicism as a method of interpreting biblical apocalypse, see Historicism (Christian eschatology). ...
Poisonous pedagogy is a concept by which present-day psychologists and educators distance themselves from child-raising methods that were propagated in previous centuries. ...
The “Trauma model†of mental disorders is an expression coined by psychiatrist Colin Ross as a solution to the problem of comorbidity in the mental health field. ...
Compare with - Psychogeography - "The study of specific effects of the geographical environment, consciously organized or not, on the emotions and behavior of individuals."
Psychogeography is The study of specific effects of the geographical environment, consciously organised or not, on the emotions and behaviour of individuals, according to the article Preliminary Problems in Constructing a Situation, in (1958) . // Development Psychogeography was originally developed by the Lettrist International, as a hypergraphics in their system of...
Notes - ^ [1] Review of Shrinking History on Freud and the Failure of Psychohistory - Reviewed by Cosma Shalizi
- Note: The book under review criticizes the Freudian approach to psychohistory. It makes no mention of deMause or The Institute for Psychohistory.
- ^ Hunt, Lynn, CSC Conferences & Symposia paper, Psychoanalysis, the Self, and Historical Interpretation History Pennsylvania [2]
- ^ deMause, Lloyd, Foundations of Psychohistory, p. 61, Creative Roots Pub, ISBN 0-940508-01-X (1982)
- ^ deMause, Lloyd (2002). The Emotional Life of Nations. Karnac, 97.
- ^ http://primal-page.com/godwin
- ^ http://primal-page.com/ps4.htm
References - deMause, Lloyd, Foundations of Psychohistory, Creative Roots Pub, ISBN 0-940508-01-X (1982) (available online at no cost)
- deMause, Lloyd, The Emotional Life of Nations, Publisher: Other Press; ISBN 1-892746-98-0 (2002) (available online at no cost)
- Lawton, Henry W., The Psychohistorian's Handbook, New York: Psychohistory Press, ISBN 0-914434-27-6 (1989)
- Loewenberg, Peter, Decoding the Past: The Psychohistorical Approach, Transaction Pub, ISBN 1-56000-846-6 (2002)
- Stannard, David E., Shrinking History, On Freud and the Failure of Psychohistory, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-503044-3 (1980). A critique of the Freudian approach to psychohistory.
- Szaluta, Jacques, Psychohistory: Theory and Practice, Publisher Peter Lang, ISBN 0-8204-1741-6 (1999)
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