NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Pu'u 'O'o

Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō (which means "Hill of the ‘Ō‘ō Bird" in Hawaiian, is often written as Puu Oo, and is pronounced "Poo-oo Oh-oh" or [puʔu ʔoːʔoː] in the IPA) is a cinder/spatter cone in the eastern rift zone of the Kīlauea volcano of the Hawaiian Islands. Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō has been erupting continuously since January 3, 1983, making it the longest-lived rift zone eruption of the last two centuries. From 1983 through 1998, lava from Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō covered more than 97 km² (37 square miles). Download high resolution version (845x578, 94 KB)Cropped version of Image:Puu_oo. ... A topographical summit is a point on a surface which is higher in elevation than all points immediately adjacent to it. ... This article is about longitude and latitude; see also UTM coordinate system Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (vertically) and longitude (horizontally); large version (pdf) The geographic (earth-mapping) coordinate system expresses every horizontal position on Earth by two of the three coordinates of a spherical coordinate system which... State nickname: The Aloha State Other U.S. States Capital Honolulu Largest city Honolulu Governor Linda Lingle Official languages Hawaiian and English Area 28,337 km² (43rd) - Land 16,649 km² - Water 11,672 km² (41. ... Example of a topographic map with contour lines Topographic maps, also called contour maps, topo maps or topo quads (for quadrangles), are maps that show topography, or land contours, by means of contour lines. ... The United States Geological Survey (USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. ... The most general definition of mountain range is a group of mountains bordered by lowlands. ... The Hawaiian Islands are an archipelago of numerous islands and atolls trending northwest by southeast in the North Pacific Ocean between latitudes 19° N and 29° N. The archipelago takes as its name that of the largest island in the group. ... Mountains can be characterized in several ways. ... Puu Oo, a cinder-and-spatter cone on Kilauea, Hawaii Volcanic cones are among the simplest volcano formations. ... The geologic timescale is used by geologists and other scientists to describe the timing and relationships between events that have occured during the history of the Earth. ... Hawaiian is the ancestral language of the indigenous people of the Hawaiian Islands, the Hawaiians, a Polynesian people. ... The International Phonetic Alphabet is a phonetic alphabet used by linguists to accurately and uniquely represent each of the wide variety of sounds (phones or phonemes) the human vocal apparatus can produce. ... Puu Oo, a cinder-and-spatter cone on Kilauea, Hawaii Volcanic cones are among the simplest volcano formations. ... In geology, a rift is a place where the Earths lithosphere is expanding. ... Kīlauea is an active volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, one of seven shield volcanos that together form the Island of Hawai‘i. ... A volcano is a geological landform (usually a mountain) where magma (rock of the earths interior made molten or liquid by high pressure and temperature) erupts through the surface of the planet. ... The Hawaiian Islands are an archipelago of numerous islands and atolls trending northwest by southeast in the North Pacific Ocean between latitudes 19° N and 29° N. The archipelago takes as its name that of the largest island in the group. ... January 3 is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1983 is an integer and composite number that represents a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1983 is an integer and composite number that represents a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1998 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... Lava is molten rock that a volcano expels during an eruption. ... To help compare sizes of different geographic regions, we list here areas between 10 km² (1000 hectares) and 100 km² (10,000 hectares). ...

As of 1998, the eruption claimed 181 houses, as well as a church, a store, the Waha‘ula Visitor Center, and many ancient Hawaiian sites. The coastal highway has been closed since 1987, as lava flows covered 13 km (8 miles) underneath as much as 25 m (80 ft) of lava. The eruption has added 544 acres (2.2 km&sup2) of land to the island of Hawai‘i. 1998 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... 1987 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... To help compare different orders of magnitude this page lists lengths between 10 and 100 km (104 to 105 m). ... To help compare different orders of magnitude this page lists lengths between 10 m and 100 m. ... To help compare sizes of different geographic regions, we list here areas between 1 km² (100 hectares) and 10 km² (1000 hectares). ... Image of Hawai‘i (island) taken by NASA. The Island of Hawai‘i is one of the eight main islands that make up the state of Hawai‘i. ...

Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō-Kūpa‘ianahā eruption

The Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō eruption began when fissures split the ground in the remote rainforest of the eastern rift zone. By June 1983, the activity had strengthened and localized to the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō vent. Over the next three years, 44 eruptive episodes with lava fountains as high as 460 m (1500 ft) stopped traffic at vantage points across east Hawai‘i. The fallout of cinder and spatter from the towering lava fountains built a cone 255 m (835 ft) high. In July 1986, the conduit feeding magma to Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō ruptured, and the eruption abruptly shifted 3 km downrift to form the Kūpa‘ianahā vent. With the new vent came a new style of eruption: continuous, quiet effusion from a lava pond replaced the episodic high fountaining. Overflows from the pond built a lava shield—a broad, low hill shaped like an overturned wok. June is the sixth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four with the length of 30 days. ... To help compare different orders of magnitude this page lists lengths between 100 m and 1 km. ... To help compare different orders of magnitude this page lists lengths between 100 m and 1 km. ... July is the seventh month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... 1986 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the type of molten rock. ... A wok on an electric stove The wok (from the Cantonese pronunciation wok6 of Chinese 镬, pinyin huò) is a versatile cooking utensil used especially in East Asia and Southeast Asia. ...

In November 1986, lava from Kūpa‘ianahā reached the ocean, 12 km (7 miles) to the southeast, innundating the small community of Kapa‘ahu in its path. For the next five years, much of the lava erupted from Kūpa‘ianahā streamed directly into the sea via a lava tube system that led from the lava pond. November is the eleventh month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four Gregorian months with the length of 30 days. ... 1986 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... To help compare different orders of magnitude this page lists lengths between 10 and 100 km (104 to 105 m). ... Lava tubes are natural conduits through which lava travels beneath the surface of a lava flow. ...

In 1990, the eruption entered its most destructive phase when flows turned eastward and totally destroyed the villages of Kalapana and Kaimū. Kaimū Bay and Kalapana Black Sand Beach were also completely covered with lava. Over 100 homes were destroyed by the ever-broadening flow field in a nine-month period. New tubes diverted lava away from Kalapana early in 1991, and lava once again entered the ocean within the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. The volume of lava erupted from Kūpa‘ianahā declined steadily through 1991, and, in early 1992, the vent died. The eruption then returned to Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō, where flank vents on the west and southwest sides of the cone constructed a new lava shield. Soon lava tubes were feeding lava from the vents to the ocean, with few surface flows in between. The flank vents have held center stage ever since, with the exception of a two-month pause in activity early in 1997 that followed a brief fissure eruption in Napau Crater, a short distance southwest of Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō. 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... One of the over 100 houses destroyed by the lava flow in 1990 Kalapana is a town on the Island of Hawai‘i in the Hawaiian Islands that was completely destroyed and partly buried by the eruptive flow of lava from Kīlauea volcano in 1990. ... Kaimū was a small town on the Island of Hawaii in the Hawaiian Islands that was completley destroyed by an eruptive flow of lava from the Puu Oo vent of the Kīlauea volcano in 1990. ... 1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park, established in 1916, displays the results of 70 million years of volcanism, migration, and evolution—processes that thrust a bare land from the sea and clothed it with complex and unique ecosystems and a distinct human culture. ... 1992 is a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1997 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Reef. ...

On the evening of January 29, 1997, a swarm of earthquakes struck Kilauea's east rift zone. Deep within the rift zone, magma was escaping from the conduit leading to the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō vent, cutting off the supply to the ongoing eruption. The lava pond at Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō drained, and residents 10 miles (16 km) away heard a low, rumbling roar as the crater floor dropped 500 feet (150 m) and the west wall of the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō cone collapsed. A few hours later, as magma found a new path to the surface, the ground cracked in nearby Napau Crater, and lava fountains lit up the night sky. January is the first month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... 1997 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Reef. ... January 29 is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1997 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Reef. ... Global earthquake epicenters, 1963–1998 An earthquake is a trembling or a shaking movement of the Earths surface. ... This article is about the type of molten rock. ... To help compare different orders of magnitude this page lists lengths between 10 and 100 km (104 to 105 m). ... To help compare different orders of magnitude this page lists lengths between 100 m and 1 km. ...

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Categories: Pages containing IPA | Hawaii (island) volcanoes The International Phonetic Alphabet is a phonetic alphabet used by linguists to accurately and uniquely represent each of the wide variety of sounds (phones or phonemes) the human vocal apparatus can produce. ... Phonetics (from the Greek word phone = sound/voice) is the study of speech sounds (voice). ... In computing, Unicode is the international standard whose goal is to provide the means to encode the text of every document people want to store in computers. ... Technical Note: Most IPA symbols are not included in Times New Roman, the default font for Latin scripts in Internet Explorer for Windows. ...

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Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō-Kūpa‘ianahā eruption