It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Gathering place. (Discuss)

Public art in a public space in Lille, France

Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... A gathering place is any place where people are able to congregate. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 789 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Public space ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 789 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Public space ... The following article is about the city in France. ...

Definition

A public space or a public place is a place where anyone has a right to come without being excluded because of economic or social conditions, although this may not always be the case. One of the earliest examples of public spaces are commons. For example, no fees or paid tickets are required for entry, nor are the entrants discriminated based on background. Non-government-owned malls are examples of private space with the appearance of public space. Also, one should be aware that the term Public Space has become something of a touchstone for critical theory in relation to philosophy, (urban) geography, visual art, cultural studies and social studies. Its relevance seems to become more pressing as capital encloses more and more of what were thought of as 'commons' (an idea perhaps best articulated by Marx). The term Public Space is often misconstrued to mean other things such as 'gathering place', which is an element of the larger concept. Socioeconomics or Socio-economics is the study of the relationship between economic activity and social life. ... In England and Wales, a common is a piece of land over which other people -- often neighbouring landowners -- could exercise one of a number of traditional rights, such as allowing their cattle to graze upon it. ... Ticket (unseperated) of the Kurkino in Berchtesgaden CeBIT Home 1998 student day ticket with barcode A Parisians transport ticket Ticket can mean one of several things: // Permission A ticket is a voucher to indicate that one has paid for admission to a theatre, movie theater, amusement park, zoo, museum... The word discrimination comes from the Latin discriminare, which means to distinguish between. Discrimination is more than distinction, it is action based on prejudice resulting in unfair treatment of people. ... Marx is a common German surname. ...

Examples

Central Park in New York City was designed as a democratic public space in the 19th century.

• Most streets, including the pavement
• Town squares
• Parks.

Some parks, malls, waiting rooms, etc. are closed at night. Image File history File links Street_Musicians_in_NYC.jpg Summary Street Musicians play in New York Citys Central Park. ... Image File history File links Street_Musicians_in_NYC.jpg Summary Street Musicians play in New York Citys Central Park. ... A Central Park landscape Central Park ( ) is a large public, urban park (843 acres or 3. ... A busker plays in the New York City subway. ... A sidewalk. ... A town square is an open area commonly found in the heart of a traditional town used for community gatherings. ... An Australian park A park is any of a number of geographic features. ...

In Norway, Sweden and Finland, all nature areas are considered public space, due to a law; allemansrätten (everyone's-right). The right of public access to the wilderness, or everymans right, is a convention of property rights in the Nordic countries of Sweden, Finland and Norway, in addition to parts of Scotland (Shetland/Orkney), which allows the common public the right of access to the land, be it public...

Differences between Public and Private Spaces

Typical differences between a public space and a private space are illustrated by comparing sitting on a public bench and sitting on a seat in a pavement café: Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Benches Snow covered park bench Classic garden bench Bench may refer to several things: A long backless seat, typically used for sitting at an outdoor table for casual eating. ... Coffeehouse in Damascus A coffeehouse, coffee shop, or café shares some of the characteristics of a bar, and some of the characteristics of a restaurant. ...

• The first costs nothing.
• There is no time limitation, apart from possible opening hours.
• One is allowed to consume brought-along food and drinks (for alcoholic beverages the law prohibits this sometimes; this may even be the case if it is allowed in a pavement café; in some public places alcohol consumption is allowed during the day, but not at night).
• A pavement café may have a dress code such as a prohibition of being shirtless, while in a public space only general law applies.

The word drink is primarily a verb, meaning to ingest liquids. ... Bottles of cachaça, a Brazilian alcoholic beverage. ... Clothing has various sociological functions, including: conspicuous consumption stating or claiming identity establishing, maintaining and defying sociological group norms Thus wearing specific types of clothing or the manner of wearing clothing can convey messages about class, income, belief and attitude. ... Shirtless man Bare chested refers to the state of not wearing any clothes above the waist. ...

Rights in Public Space

In the United States, one's presence in a public space may give him or her certain rights not otherwise vested. In a public space, known as a public forum (legal), the government cannot usually limit one's speech beyond what is reasonable (that is, screaming epithets at passers-by can be stopped; prosteletyzing one's religion probably cannot). In a private -- that is, non-public -- forum, the government can control one's speech to a much greater degree (protesting one's objection to medicare reform will not be tolerated in the Pentagon) (this is not to say that the government can control what you say in your own home or to others; it can only control government property in this way). In some cases, privately owned property can be considered a public forum. England, too, has a tradition of public spaces permitting public speech, at Speakers' Corner, for example. Forum is a United States constitutional law term that describes a government-owned property which is open to public expression and assembly. ... A Socialist Party of Great Britain member arguing against capitalism, October 31, 2004 Speakers Corner is an area where public speaking is allowed, and is located in the north-east corner of Hyde Park in London. ...

In general, there is no expectation of privacy in a public space. Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...

Eating and drinking in an outside public place during Ramadan in an Islamic country is sometimes not appreciated. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Sawm of Ramadan. ...

Public spaces are attractive for budget tourists and homeless people, especially those that are relatively comfortable, e.g. a shopping center that provides shelter and, in a cold climate, is heated (or cooled in a hot climate). A tourist boat travels the River Seine in Paris, France Tourism can be defined as the act of travel for the purpose of recreation, and the provision of services for this act. ... A homeless man pushes a cart down the street. ...

Controversy around the supposed right of access to all: The Exclusion of certain groups from Public Space

Whilst it is generally considered that everyone has a right to access and use public space, as opposed to private space which may have restrictions, there has been some academic interest in how public spaces are managed to exclude certain groups - specifically homeless^[1] people and young^[2] people.

Measures are taken to make the public space less attractive to them, including the removal or design of benches to restrict their use for sleeping and resting, restricting access to certain times, locking indoor/enclosed areas. Police forces are sometimes involved in moving 'unwanted' members of the public from public spaces.

Also, by not providing suitable access, disabled people are excluded from some spaces.

'Semi-Public' Spaces

A broader meaning of public space or place includes also places where everybody can come if they pay, like a café, train, movie theater or brothel. A shop is an example of what is intermediate between the two meanings: everybody can enter and look around without obligation to buy, but activities unrelated to the purpose of the shop are not unlimitedly permitted. Coffeehouse in Damascus A coffeehouse, coffee shop, or café shares some of the characteristics of a bar, and some of the characteristics of a restaurant. ... A typical North American steam train In rail transport, a train consists of rail vehicles that move along guides to transport freight or passengers from one place to another. ... A typical multiplex (AMC Promenade 16 in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California). ... A brothel, also known as a bordello or whorehouse, is an establishment specifically dedicated to prostitution. ... Drawing of a self-service store. ...

The halls and streets (including skyways) in a shopping center may or may not be declared a public place and may or may not be open when the shops are closed. Similarly for halls, railway platforms and waiting rooms of public transport; sometimes a travelling ticket is required. A public library is also more or less a public place. A rest stop or truck stop is a public space. A hallway at the Royal York Hotel Look up Hall, hall in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A skyway is a path that is traversed without touching the ground. ... For the traditional meaning of the word mall, see mall. ... A railway platform is a section of pathway, alongside rail tracks at a train station, metro station or tram stop, at which passengers may board or alight from trains or trams. ... Queue at US Air Force station in Iraq, for food at a birthday celebration. Queue areas are areas in which people queue (first in, first out), that is they wait in line for something. ... Skytrain Bangkok. ... Librarians and patrons in a typical larger urban public library. ... In the United States, Canada and parts of Europe, a rest area, rest stop, service area, or service station is a public facility, located adjacent to a highway or interstate, at which drivers and passengers can eat and drink, take a stroll, let their children play in grassy park-like... A truck stop is an eating establishment, usually located near a busy road, with a large parking area for trucks and other heavy vehicles. ...

For these semi-public spaces stricter rules may apply than outside, e.g. regarding dress code, trading, begging, advertising, propaganda, riding rollerskates, skateboards, a Segway, etc. Look up Trade in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Trade centers on the exchange of goods and/or services. ... Beggars in Samarkand, 1905 Begging includes the various methods used by persons to obtain money, food, shelter, drugs, alcohol, or other things from people they encounter during the course of their travels. ... Billboards and street advertising in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan, (2005) Advertising is typically paid communication through a non-personal medium in which the sponsor is identified and the message is controlled. ... An Australian anti-conscription propaganda poster from World War One Propaganda is a certain type of message presentation directly aimed at manipulating the opinions or behavior of people, rather than impartially providing information. ... ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... Inventor Dean Kamen demonstrates the Segway HT at the U.S. Department of Commerce on February 14, 2002. ...

References

1. ^ Illegal to be Homeless. National Coalition for the Homeless (2004).
2. ^ Malone, K. "Children, Youth and Sustainable Cities". Local Environment 6 (1).

3. "Conclusions of the International Seminar on the Planning of Collectively-Used Spaces in Towns", in: Monumentum (Brussels), Vol. 18-19, 1979, pp. 129-135.

See also

• Guerrilla gardening
• Toronto Public Space Committee
• Wireless Toronto
• Workplace
• Public display of affection
• Public art
• Public nudity
• Street photography
• Busking

Guerrilla gardening is political gardening, a form of nonviolent direct action done by Greens (environmental protestors). ... The Toronto Public Space Committee (TPSC) is a local, volunteer-run, non-profit organization located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada that prides itself in defending the city’s public space from corporate and private forces, including automobiles and outdoor advertising. ... Wireless Toronto is a volunteer non-profit community wireless network in Toronto. ... Arthur and Guinevere kiss before all the people. ... The term public art properly refers to works of art in any media that has been planned and executed with the specific intention of being sited or staged in the public domain, usually outside and accessible to all. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... Busking is the practice of doing live performances in public places to entertain people, usually to solicit donations and tips. ...

External links

• A paper of Setha Low about the transformation of public space in Latin America
• A public space Watch this space on its own time.