Pug
Fawn Pug
Other names	Chinese Pug Mops Puggu Carli
Country of origin	China[1]
Traits
Classification & standards FCI Group 9 Section 11 #253 standard AKC Toy standard ANKC Group 1 (Toys) standard CKC Group 5 - Toys standard KC (UK) Toy standard NZKC Toy standard UKC Companion breeds standard

The Pug is a toy dog breed with a wrinkly face and medium-small body. The breed is often summarized as multum in parvo ("much in little"), describing the Pug's personality and small size.^[1] Pug can refer to: The Pug breed of dog. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Wikipugnap. ... Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) (English, World Canine Organization), is an international Kennel Club based in Thuin, Belgium. ... © The American Kennel Club (or AKC) is the largest registry of purebred dog pedigrees in the United States. ... The Australian National Kennel Council (ANKC) is the peak body in Australia responsible for promoting excellence in breeding, showing, trialling, obedience, and other canine-related activities and the ownership of temperamentally and physically sound purebred dogs by responsible individuals across Australia. ... The Canadian Kennel Club (or C.K.C.) is the primary registry body for purebred dog pedigrees in Canada. ... The Kennel Club in the United Kingdom is a club aiming to improve the relationships between dogs and their owners. ... The New Zealand Kennel Club is an organisation responsible for dog pedigree registration services in New Zealand. ... The United Kennel Club (or UKC) is the second oldest all-breed registry of purebred dog pedigrees in the United States and the second largest in the world. ... The Bichon Frisé is an example of a toy dog[1] that requires considerable grooming. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

The word "pug" may have come from the Old English pugg, which was an affectionate term for a playful little devil or monkey.^[2] Pug puppies are often called puglets.^[3] Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon[1], Old English: ) is an early form of the English language that was spoken in parts of what is now England and southern Scotland between the mid-fifth century and the mid-twelfth century. ...

Description

A black Pug puppy

While most Pugs appearing in eighteenth century prints tended to be long and lean,^[4] the current breed standards call for a square, cobby body, a compact form, deep chest, and well-developed muscle.^[5] Their heads, carried on arched necks, should be substantial and round, the better to accentuate their large, bulging, dark eyes. The wrinkles on their foreheads should be distinct and deep,^[4]. The ears should be smooth and soft, like black velvet and come in two varieties: "rose" (small, round and folded with the front edge angled toward the mask, giving the head a more rotund shape) and "button" (level with the top of forehead and folded at a sharp ninety degree angle). Breeding preference goes to "button" Pugs.^[6] The lower teeth should protrude farther than their upper, meeting in an under-bite.^[7] Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 581 pixelsFull resolution (1109 × 805 pixel, file size: 653 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 581 pixelsFull resolution (1109 × 805 pixel, file size: 653 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...

Coat and color

A black Pug

Their fine, glossy coats can be apricot, fawn, silver or black.^[4] A silver coat is characterized by a very light coloured coat, absent of black guard hairs. Some unscrupulous breeders call "smutty" Pugs silver. A "smutty" Pug typically has a very dark head, with no clear delineation at the mask, and dark forelegs. The tail should curl tightly over the hip; a double curl is considered perfection.^[4] Adoram The Bogey Man owned by Mrs A. Clark. ... Adoram The Bogey Man owned by Mrs A. Clark. ... Apricot is a color that attempts to represent the color of apricots. ... Fawn, is a light yellowish brown that is usually used in reference to a dogs coat color. ... For other uses, see Silver (disambiguation). ...

Pugs of different coat types shed to varying degrees, but they all shed quite a bit year round. Fawn Pugs, which have both an undercoat and an overcoat, are the most notorious for shedding. Pug owners have gone to great lengths to control this Pug characteristic. Partial solutions to the problem involve using special shampoos, supplementing or changing the Pug's diet, or even trimming the Pug's coat. Alternatively, regular coat grooming can keep the shedding down.

Temperament

The stern expression of the Pug belies its true sense of fun. Pugs are sociable dogs, and usually stubborn about certain things, but they are playful, charming, clever and are known to succeed in dog obedience skills.^[4] Pugs are sensitive to the tone of a human voice, so harsh punishment is generally unnecessary. While Pugs usually get along well with other dogs and pets, they generally prefer the company of humans and require a great deal of human attention; they may become slightly anxious or agitated if their owner ignores them or does not play with them; however some may happily occupy themselves when the owner is away. In general, they are very attentive dogs, always at their owner's feet, in their lap, or following them from room to room (so be careful where you step).^[4]

Health

Pugs have large, expressive eyes and a wrinkled face. Improper care of the wrinkles can sometimes cause adverse health effects.

Because Pugs lack longer snouts and prominent skeletal brow ridges, they are susceptible to eye injuries such as puncture wounds and scratched corneas and painful Entropion.^[4] Pugs also have compact breathing passageways, which can cause problems with their breathing or their ability to regulate their temperature through evaporation from the tongue. These complications can lead to accelerated injury or death should they be left in hot locations where cooling cannot properly take place such as cars on hot days or in outdoor conditions in temperatures over 80 degrees Fahrenheit (27°C). Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 674 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I took this picture myself on 3/23/2007. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 674 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I took this picture myself on 3/23/2007. ... Supraorbital ridges seen in Australopithecus africanus The supraorbital ridge, supraorbital torus, superciliary ridge, arcus superciliaris, or brow ridge, refer to a bony ridge located above the eye sockets of all primates. ... The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber, providing most of an eyes optical power [1]. Together with the lens, the cornea refracts light and, as a result, helps the eye to focus. ... Entropion is a medical condition in which the eyelids fold inward. ... Vaporization redirects here. ... For other uses, see Tongue (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Fahrenheit (disambiguation). ...

Pugs living a mostly sedentary life can be prone to obesity, though this is avoidable with regular exercise and a healthy diet.

Pugs can also suffer from a chronic form of granulomatous meningoencephalitis (an inflammation of the brain) specific to the breed called pug dog encephalitis (PDE). There is no known cause or cure for PDE, although it is believed to be an inherited disease.^[8] All dogs tend to either die or are euthanised within a few months after the onset of clinical signs, which usually occur anywhere from 6 months to 3 years of age.^[9] Granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) of dogs and, rarely, cats. ... An abscess on the skin, showing the redness and swelling characteristic of inflammation. ... For other uses, see Brain (disambiguation). ... // This article is about euthanasia of animals. ...

Pugs, along with other brachycephalic dogs (e.g. boxers, bulldogs), are also prone to hemivertebrae.^[10] The screwtail is an example of a hemivertebrae, but when it occurs in others areas of the spine it can be devastating, causing such severe paralysis that euthanasia is a serious recommendation. Originally from Germany, The Boxer is a breed of stocky, medium-sized, short-haired dog, decended from the now extinct Bullenbeisser. ... For other uses, see Bulldog (disambiguation). ... Congenital vertebral anomalies are a collection of malformations of the spine in animals. ...

The Pug, like other short-snouted breeds, has an elongated palate. When excited, they are prone to a "reverse sneeze" where the dog will quickly, and seemingly laboriously, gasp and snort. This is caused by fluid or debris getting caught under the palate and irritating the throat or limiting breathing. "Reverse sneezing" episodes are not harmful to the Pug but are usually resolved by the owner calming the dog and gently rubbing the throat to induce a swallowing action; the symptom may also resolve itself without intervention.^{[citation needed]} Owners typically recognise this phenomenon as a pathological symptom rather than as an endearing behavioral pattern.

As with all small breeds, some problems may arise in pregnancy and during birth. The most common problems include the need for a Caesarian section birth and new mothers being disinterested in the puppies, sometimes accompanied by the mother not opening the birth sack. A caesarean section (cesarean section AE), is a surgical incision through a mothers abdomen (laparotomy) and uterus (hysterotomy) to deliver one or more fetuses. ...

As Pugs have many wrinkles in their faces, owners normally take special care to clean inside the creases, as irritation and infection can result from improper care.^[11].

Pugs are one of several breeds that are more susceptible to Demodectic mange, also known as Demodex.^[12] This condition is caused by a weakened immune system, and it is a minor problem for many young Pugs. It is easily treatable, however, some Pugs are especially susceptible to the condition, and will present with a systemic form of the condition. This vulnerability is thought to be genetic, and good breeders will avoid breeding dogs who have had this condition.^[12] Mange (from Middle English manjeue, from Old French manjue, from mangier, meaning to eat)[1] is a parasitic infestation of the skin of animals. ... Systemic Relating to, or affecting a particular body system; especially the nervous system. ...

History

Origins

Bred to adorn the laps of the Chinese sovereigns during the Shang dynasty (1600-1046 BC),^[4] in East China, they were known as "Lo-Chiang-Sze" or "Foo"^[4][13] (ceramic foos, transmogrified into dragon, with their bulging eyes are very Pug-like). The Pug's popularity spread to Tibet, where they were mainly kept by monks, and then went onto Japan, and finally Europe.^[4] Remnants of advanced, stratified societies dating back to the Shang period have been found in the Yellow River Valley. ... East China Charter Township is a charter township located in St. ... A Qing pair within the Forbidden City. ... This article is about historical/cultural Tibet. ... For other uses, see Monk (disambiguation). ...

Sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

Hogarth with his Pug, Trump, 1745

The breed was first imported in the late 16th and 17th centuries by merchants and crews from the Dutch East Indies Trading Company.^[4] The Pug later became the official dog of the House of Orange.^[4] In 1572, a Pug saved the Prince of Orange's life by barking at an assassin.^[14] A Pug also travelled with William III and Mary II when they left the Netherlands to ascend to the throne of England in 1688.^[4] This century also saw Pugs' popularity on the rise in other European countries. In Spain, they were painted by Goya,^[4] in Italy Pugs dressed in matching jackets and pantaloons sat by the coachmen of the rich,^[4] and in Germany and France. Pugs appear several times as footnotes to history.^[4] Sometimes, they were used for Scent hounds. They were used by the military to track animals or people, and were also employed as the guard's dogs. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2024x2627, 361 KB) Description: Title: de: Der Maler und sein Mops, Selbstporträt Technique: de: Öl auf Leinwand Dimensions: de: 90 × 70 cm Country of origin: de: Großbritanien Current location (city): de: London Current location (gallery): de: Tate Gallery Other... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2024x2627, 361 KB) Description: Title: de: Der Maler und sein Mops, Selbstporträt Technique: de: Öl auf Leinwand Dimensions: de: 90 × 70 cm Country of origin: de: Großbritanien Current location (city): de: London Current location (gallery): de: Tate Gallery Other... The Principality of Orange The title originally referred to the sovereign principality of Orange in southern France, which was a property of the House of Orange (from 1702 Orange-Nassau). ... William III (14 November 1650 – 8 March 1702) was the Prince of Orange from his birth, Stadtholder of the main provinces of the Dutch Republic from 28 June 1672, King of England and King of Ireland from 13 February 1689, and King of Scots (under the name William II) from... Mary II (30 April 1662–28 December 1694) reigned as Queen of England and Ireland from 13 February 1689, and as Queen of Scots (as Mary II of Scotland) from 11 April 1689 until her death. ... Goya redirects here. ... Like most scent hounds, the Basset Hound has long ears, large nasal passages, and a sturdy body for endurance. ... The word Animals when used alone has several possible meanings in the English language. ... A Guard may be a person or an organisation. ... Trinomial name Canis lupus familiaris The dog (Canis lupus familiaris) is a domestic subspecies of the wolf, a mammal of the Canidae family of the order Carnivora. ...

Eighteenth and nineteenth centuries

The popularity of the Pug continued to spread in France during the eighteenth century. Before her marriage at age 15 to Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette owned a Pug named Mops (the German, Dutch, Russian, Danish, Norwegian and Swedish name for the dog's breed).^{[citation needed]} Before her marriage to Napoleon Bonaparte, Joséphine had her Pug, Fortune, carry concealed messages to her family while she was confined at Les Carmes prison. The pet was the only recipient of visiting rights.^[15] Louis XVI Louis XVI (August 23, 1754 - January 21, 1793), was King of France and Navarre from 1774 until 1791, and then King of the French in 1791-1792. ... Marie-Antoinette, Queen of France and Archduchess of Austria (born November 1755 – executed 16 October 1793) Daughter of Maria Theresa of Austria, wife of Louis XVI and mother of Louis XVII. She was guillotined at the height of the French Revolution. ... Napoléon I, Emperor of the French (born Napoleone di Buonaparte, changed his name to Napoléon Bonaparte)[1] (15 August 1769; Ajaccio, Corsica – 5 May 1821; Saint Helena) was a general during the French Revolution, the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from... Joséphine de Beauharnais (nee Marie Josèphe Rose Tascher de la Pagerie June 23, 1763 – May 29, 1814) was the first wife of Napoléon Bonaparte and thus the first Empress of the French. ...

The English painter William Hogarth owned a series of Pugs, to which he was devoted. In 1745 he painted his self-portrait together with that of his Pug, Trump, now in the Tate Gallery, London.^[16] William Hogarth (November 10, 1697 – October 26, 1764) was a major English painter, printmaker, pictorial satirist, and editorial cartoonist who has been credited as a pioneer in western sequential art. ... The Tate Gallery in the United Kingdom is a network of four galleries: Tate Britain (opened 1897), Tate Liverpool (1988), Tate St Ives (1993), Tate Modern (2000), with a complementary website Tate Online (1998). ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...

In nineteenth century England, Pugs flourished under the patronage of the monarch Queen Victoria.^{[citation needed]} Her many Pugs, which she bred herself, included Olga, Pedro, Minka, Fatima and Venus.^[4] Her involvement with the dogs in general helped to establish the Kennel Club, which was formed in 1873.^[4] Victoria favoured apricot and fawn Pugs, whereas the aristocrat Lady Brassey is credited with making black Pugs fashionable after she brought some back from China in 1886.^[4][1] Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) (24 May 1819–22 January 1901) was a Queen of the United Kingdom, reigning from 20 June 1837 until her death. ... A kennel club (known as a kennel council or canine council in some countries) is an organization for canine affairs that concerns itself with the breeding, showing and promotion of more than one breed of dog. ... Aristocracy is a form of government in which rulership is in the hands of an upper class known as aristocrats. ...

The Pug arrived in the United States during the nineteenth century^[4] (the American Kennel Club recognized the breed in 1885)^[4] and was soon making its way into the family home and show ring.

Pugs in media and culture

In a May 23, 2007 web issue of The Onion, Pugs were lampooned in a fake news article titled Dog Breeders Issue Massive Recall Of '07 Pugs.^[17] The piece satirized Pugs and Pug breeders by speaking of the dog and its characteristics as a faulty product, "evidenced" by a fictional quote from the American Pug Breeders Association director, "While pug owners are accustomed to dog malfunction, the latest animals are prone to more problems than just the usual joint failures, overheating, seizures, chronic respiratory defects, and inability to breed without assistance. The latest model Pug is simply not in any way a viable dog."^[18] is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... The Onion is a United States-based parody newspaper published weekly in print and daily online. ... Distorted news or planted news are terms in journalism for two deviated aspects of the wider news media wherein media outlets deliberately present false data, evidence, or sources as factual, in contradiction to the ethical practices in professional journalism. ... 1867 edition of Punch, a ground-breaking British magazine of popular humour, including a good deal of satire of the contemporary social and political scene. ...

Pugs have also held their own as featured players in many films and television shows.

• Jonathan Ross amongst his five dogs has a pug called Pickle or Mr Pickle
• Otis from The Adventures of Milo and Otis
• Odie the Talking Pug - First appearing on David Letterman's "Stupid Pet Tricks" Odie went on to win America Online's Top T.V. Moment of the Year in 2004.
• Frank from Men in Black and Men in Black II
• Weenie, from Kay Thompson's Eloise book series
• Shakespug is a friend of Satchel Pooch, a main character in the comic strip Get Fuzzy.
• Mr. Pickle, BBC-presenter Jonathan Ross's Pug, seen in his talk show Friday Night with Jonathan Ross.
• Ethel Skinner, a now deceased character in the British soap opera EastEnders, had a pug called Willy.
• Ralph, Don Burke's dog In the long running channel 9 show, was a Pug and a frequent guest of the show.
• Percy Pug from Pocahontas and Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World.
• Bean from The Clique (novel) series.
• Tori Spelling's pug Mimi LaRue.
• Frank Iero, Guitarist of My Chemical Romance owns one
• Lloyd from Norbit
• Heidi Range from the Sugababes has a pug called Buddy.
• Marie Antoinette had a pug named Mops.
• Molly Moon, the main character in the series by Georgia Byng has a pug named Petula, whom she keeps with her at all times.
• Lady Bertram, a character in Jane Austen's novel Mansfield Park, had a female pug called Pug.
• Pakkun (パックン, Pakkun?) from Naruto.
• Rich Perez in Las Vegas & creator of "Best Damn Sports Show Period" has two black pugs named Mac, the male and Zoey, the female.
• In the American Kennel Club(AKC) a double curl is considered perfection for a pugs tail.
• The Bedford CA van of the 1950's and 60's is commonly referred to as pug-nosed, because its frontal appearance is reminiscent of a pugs face.
• Pug dogs appeared as royalty pets in the movie Dune and the 2000 SciFi Dune miniseries
• Pug appears in many of the Hutch (An Indian cellphone company acquired by Vodafone) commercials.
• A pug appears in U.S. commercials for the allergy/asthma medication Advair.
• President Walken owns a pug, Bess, on The West Wing.
• Monroe, in The Life and Times of Juniper Lee.
• Rock band Menomena claims to be managed by a black female pug named
• Alfred and Rex from Unlovable

Geddy Lee This article is about the British television presenter. ... The Adventures of Milo and Otis is a 1989 (Japanese release: 1986) live action film starring an orange tabby cat named Milo and a fawn pug named Otis. ... Men in Black is a 1997 science fiction comedy action film directed by Barry Sonnenfeld, starring Tommy Lee Jones, Will Smith and Vincent DOnofrio. ... Men in Black II (also known as MIIB) is a 2002 science fiction comedy action film starring Will Smith and Tommy Lee Jones. ... Kay Thompson (born November 9, 1908 in St. ... Eloise (Ell-o-eze) is a womens name, originating from the French language. ... Get Fuzzy is an American daily comic strip written and drawn by Darby Conley. ... Ethel Skinner was a fictional character in the British soap opera EastEnders. ... Albert Square in the 1980s. ... Pocahontas is the main character, title character, and protagonist of Disneys 1995, thirty-third animated feature, Pocahontas, and its direct-to-video sequel, Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World. ... Published in 2004 by Little, Brown and Company, The Clique is the first novel of the bestselling Clique series by Lisi Harrison. ... Victoria Davey Tori Spelling (born May 16, 1973) is an American actress. ... Frank Anthony Iero (born October 31, 1981) is the rhythm guitarist and back up vocalist for the alternative rock band My Chemical Romance. ... My Chemical Romance are an American rock band formed in 2001. ... Norbit is an Academy Award nominated and Golden Raspberry Awards winning comedy film directed by Brian Robbins and starring its co-writer, Eddie Murphy, in three leading roles. ... Heidi India Range (born 23 May 1983 in Walton, Liverpool, England) is a member of British girl group the Sugababes. ... Sugababes are a BRIT Award-winning English pop group trio from London. ... Marie-Antoinette, Queen of France and Archduchess of Austria (born November 1755 – executed 16 October 1793) Daughter of Maria Theresa of Austria, wife of Louis XVI and mother of Louis XVII. She was guillotined at the height of the French Revolution. ... A watercolour and pencil sketch of Jane Austen, believed to be drawn from life by her sister Cassandra (c. ... Mansfield Park book cover Mansfield Park is a novel by Jane Austen. ... Serialized in Weekly Shonen Jump Shonen Jump BANZAI! Shonen Jump Weekly Comic Original run November 1999 – Ongoing No. ... This article is about a TV show. ... The Life and Times of Juniper Lee, also known as Juniper Lee for short, is an American animated television series, created by Judd Winick and produced by Cartoon Network Studios. ... Menomena IPA: are an experimental rock band from Portland, Oregon, made up of Brent Knopf on guitar, keyboards, glockenspiel; Justin Harris on bass, guitar, baritone sax and alto sax; and Danny Seim on percussion. ...

References

© The American Kennel Club (or AKC) is the largest registry of purebred dog pedigrees in the United States. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... For other uses, see 5th October (Serbia). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Mange (from Middle English manjeue, from Old French manjue, from mangier, meaning to eat)[1] is a parasitic infestation of the skin of animals. ... For other uses, see 5th October (Serbia). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Pug

• Pugs at the Open Directory Project
• Pug Dog Encephalitis (PDF)
• Pug Dog Club of America
• Pug Dog Humor Blog
• Pug breed standard at the official American Kennel Club website