Emelyan Pugachov

Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachov ( Russian (русский язык  listen?) is the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages. Russian belongs to the group of Indo-European languages, and is therefore related to Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin, as well as the modern Germanic, Romance, and Celtic... Russian: Емелья́н Ива́нович Пугачёв), born in Events May 31 - Friedrich II comes to power in Prussia upon the death of his father, Friedrich Wilhelm I. October 20 - Maria Theresia of Austria inherits the Habsburg hereditary dominions (Austria, Bohemia, Hungary and present-day Belgium). However, her succession to the Holy Roman Empire is contested widely because she... 1740 or Events January 24 - Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor. February 16 - Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington, becomes Prime Minister of Great Britain. February 18 - British attack La Guayra. April 8 - The first performance of George Frideric Handels oratorio The Messiah, in Dublin. May 17 – Austrians in Chotusitz... 1742 and executed in Events February 9 - American Revolutionary War: British Parliament declares Massachusetts in rebellion March 23 - American Revolutionary War: Patrick Henry delivers his speech - give me liberty or give me death in Williamsburg, Virginia. April 14 - American Revolutionary War: Massachusetts Governor Gage is secretly ordered by the British to enforce the Coercive... 1775, was a pretender to the The Russian Federation ( Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija), or Russia (Russian: Росси́я, transliteration: Rossiya or Rossija), is a country that stretches... Russian throne who led a great This article needs cleanup. Please edit this article to conform to a higher standard of article quality. The Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan of Turkey. Painted by Ilya Repin from 1880 to 1891. Cossack (Polish Kozak; plural, Kozacy, Russian Kazak (Казак); plural, Kazaki (К... Cossack A rebellion is, in the most general sense, a refusal to accept authority. It may thus be seen as encompassing a range of behaviors from a mild flouting of social norms to a violent organized attempt to destroy established authority. It is often used to refer to armed resistance to... insurrection during the reign of H.I.M. Ekaterina II Aleksejevna the Great, Empress and Autocrat of all the Russias Catherine II (Екатерина Алексеевна: Yekaterína II Alekséyevna, April 21, 1729 - November 6, 1796), born... Catherine II. Aleksandr Pushkin was a Russian poet and a founder of modern Russian literature Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin (Russian: Алекса́ндр Серге́евич Пу́шкин) (June 6 (May 26, O.S... Alexander Pushkin wrote a remarkable history of the rebellion; and he recounted some of the events in his novel Captain's Daughter (1836).

Background

Pugachev, the son of a small Don Cossacks refers to cossacks that settled along the Don River, Russia it its lower and middle parts. This population was formed in the second half od the 16th century from runaway peasants. By the end of the century they were granted certain privileges in exchange to frontier military service... Don Cossack landowner, married a Cossack girl, Sofia Nedyuzheva, in Events June 12 - French and Indian War: Siege of Louisbourg - James Wolfes attack at Louisbourg, Nova Scotia commences. June 23 - Seven Years War: Battle of Krefeld - British forces defeat French troops at Krefeld in Germany. July 8 - French and Indian War: French forces hold Fort Carillon against British at... 1758, and in the same year participated in This article is about the 1756–1763 war. For the 1592–1598 war in Korea, see Seven Year War. The Seven Years War ( 1754 and 1756– 1763) pitted Great Britain, Prussia and Hanover against France, Austria, Russia, Sweden, and Saxony. Spain and Portugal were later drawn into... Seven Years' War as part of the Cossack expedition to The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia ( German: Preußen or Preussen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: Prūsai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad... Prussia under the command of Count Zakhar Chernyshev. In the first The Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774 was a decisive conflict that brought Southern Ukraine, Northern Caucasus, and Crimea within the orbit of the Russian Empire. The war followed the internal tensions within Poland where there was the strife between the nobility and the king Stanilaus Augustus Poniatowski, former favorite... Russo-Turkish War ( Events January 9 - Philip Astley stages the first modern circus (London) May 10 - John Wilkes is imprisoned for writing an article for the North Briton severely criticizing King George III. This action provokes rioting in London Secretary of State for colonies appointed in Britain Massachusetts Assembly dissolved for refusing to... 1768 - Events January 21 - Mustafa III, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire dies and is succeeded by his brother Abd-ul-Hamid I. May 10 - Louis XVI becomes King of France. June 2 - Intolerable Acts: The Quartering Act, requiring American colonists to let British soldiers into their homes, is reenacted. July 21... 1774), Pugachev, now a Cossack khorunzhiy (corresponding to the regular army rank of podporuchik, or junior lieutenant), served under Count General Count Petr Ivanovich Panin (1721 - 26 April 1789), younger brother of Nikita Ivanovich Panin, fought with distinction in the Seven Years War and in the Russo-Turkish War of 1768 to 1774, capturing Bender on 26 September 1770. In 1773 - 1775 he participated in suppressing Pugachevs rebellion. He... Peter Panin and participated in the siege of Tighina, or Tigina, is a city in Moldova. It was formerly known as Bendery (Turkish: Bender). A settlement has existed at the confluence of the Dniester and Bâc rivers since the 2nd century, subsequently growing and coming under the successive rules of Kiev, Moldavia, Genoa, Turkey, Russia and Romania... Bender (1770).

Invalided home, Pugachev led for the next few years a wandering life. More than once the authorities arrested and imprisoned him as a deserter. In Events January 12 - The first American museum open to the public is opened in (Charleston, South Carolina). January 17 - Captain James Cook becomes the first European explorer to cross the Antarctic Circle April 27 or May 10 - The British Parliament passes the Tea Act, designed to save the British East... 1773, after frequenting the monasteries of the The Old Believers (старове́ры or старообря́дцы) are a schismatic group of the Russian Orthodox Church. The schism itself is known as staroobryadchestvo (старооб... Old Believers, who exercised considerable influence over him, he suddenly proclaimed himself Tsar ( Bulgarian цар, Russian царь,  listen?; often spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English), was the title used for the autocratic rulers of the First and Second Bulgarian Empires since 913, in Serbia in the middle of the 14th century... tsar Peter III (February 21, 1728 - July 17, 1762) (Russian Пётр III Федорович (Pyotr III Fyodorovitch)) was Emperor of Russia for six months in 1762. He was mentally weak and very pro-Prussian, which made him an unpopular leader. He... Peter III and organised the insurrection of the The Ural Cossack Host was a cossack host formed from the Ural Cossacks -- those cossacks settled by the Ural River. Their alternative name, Yaik Cossacks, comes from the old name of the river. Yaik Cossacks were the driving force in the rebellion led by Yemelyan Pugachev in 1773-1774. Categories... Yaik Cossacks which ignited the flames of all-out peasant war in the lower For other meanings of the word Volga see Volga (disambiguation) Волга Length 3,690 km Elevation of the source 225 m Average discharge  ? m³/s Area watershed 1.35 million km² Origin Valdai Hills Mouth Caspian Sea Basin countries Russia The Volga river (Russian В... Volga region.

Insurrection 1773 - 1774

The story of Pugachev's strong resemblance to the murdered tsar Peter III, whom his wife, the future empress Catherine II, had overthrown in Events Neolin begins to preach. January 4 - Britain declares war on Spain & Naples July 17 - Catherine II becomes empress of Russia upon the murder of Peter III of Russia. Empress Go-Sakuramachi ascends to the throne of Japan British East India Company seizes the port city of Manila, Philippines... 1762, comes from a later legend. Pugachev dubbed himself Peter III the better to attract to his standard all those numerous dissidents who attributed their misery to the government of Catherine, for the populace generally remembered Peter as Catherine's determined opponent. The destitute thousands who joined the new Peter had one aim: to sweep away utterly the intolerably oppressive upper classes.

Pugachev told the story that he and his principal adherents had escaped from the clutches of Catherine, and had now resolved to redress the grievances of the people, give absolute liberty to the Cossacks, and put Catherine herself away in a monastery. He held a sort of mimic court at which one Cossack impersonated Count Nikita Ivanovich Panin (Никита Иванович Панин) (September 18, 1718 - March 31, 1783) was an influential Russian statesman and political mentor to Catherine the Great for the first eighteen years of her reign. He... Nikita Panin, another Zakhar Chernyshev, and so on.

Pugachov Administering Justice to the Population.

The Russian government at first made light of the rising. At the beginning of October Events January 12 - The first American museum open to the public is opened in (Charleston, South Carolina). January 17 - Captain James Cook becomes the first European explorer to cross the Antarctic Circle April 27 or May 10 - The British Parliament passes the Tea Act, designed to save the British East... 1773 it simply regarded Pugachev as a nuisance, and offered a mere 500 1998 Russian Federation one rouble coin. Heads (right) and tails (left) 1898 Russian Empire one rouble bill. Obverse. 1898 Russian Empire one rouble bill. Reverse. The ruble (Russian рубль, French-derived transliteration rouble) is the currency of the Russian Federation and Belarus (and formerly, of the... roubles as a reward for the head of the troublesome Cossack. At the end of November it promised 28,000 roubles to whomsoever should bring him in, alive or dead. Even then, however, Catherine, in her correspondence with Voltaire François-Marie Arouet (November 21, 1694—May 30, 1778), better known by the pen name Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, deist and philosopher. Biography Voltaire was born in Paris to François Arouet and Marie-Marguerite Daumart or DAumard. Both parents were of Poitevin extraction... Voltaire, affected to treat l'affaire du Marquis de Pugachev as a mere joke, but by the beginning of Events January 21 - Mustafa III, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire dies and is succeeded by his brother Abd-ul-Hamid I. May 10 - Louis XVI becomes King of France. June 2 - Intolerable Acts: The Quartering Act, requiring American colonists to let British soldiers into their homes, is reenacted. July 21... 1774 the joke had developed into a very serious danger. All the forts on the Volga and The Ural River (Russian: Урал, Urál [formerly: Яик, Yaik River], Kazakh: Жайық, Zhayyq) flows through Russia and Kazakhstan. It begins in the Ural Mountains and ends at the Caspian Sea. Its total length is 1,509 mi (2,428 km... Ural had now come into the hands of the rebels; the The Bashkirs, a Turkic people, live in Russia, mostly in the republic of Bashkortostan. A significant number of Bashkirs also live in the republic of Tatarstan, as well as in Chelyabinsk, Orenburg, Kurgan, Perm, Sverdlovsk, Samara, and Saratov Oblasts of Russia. Overview Bashkirs particularly inhabit the slopes and confines of... Bashkirs, led by Salawat Yulayev, had joined them; and the governor of Saint Basils Cathedral Moscow  listen? ( Russian/Cyrillic: Москва́, pronunciation: Moskva), capital of Russia, located on the river Moskva, and encompassing 1097.12 km2. Its coordinates are 55°45′ N 37°37′ E. The citys population... Moscow reported great restlessness among the population of central Russia. Shortly afterwards Pugachev captured This article needs cleanup. Please edit this article to conform to a higher standard of article quality. For the Japanese emperor, see Emperor Kazan of Japan. Kazan (Qazan) is the capital city of Tatarstan and one of Russias largest cities. It is a major industrial, commercial and cultural center... Kazan, reduced most of its churches and monasteries to ashes, and massacred all who refused to join him.

Defeat

General Peter Panin thereupon set out against the rebels with a large army, but difficulty of transport, lack of discipline, and the gross insubordination of his ill-paid soldiers paralysed all his efforts for months, while the innumerable and ubiquitous bands of Pugachev gained victories in nearly every engagement. Not until August Events January 21 - Mustafa III, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire dies and is succeeded by his brother Abd-ul-Hamid I. May 10 - Louis XVI becomes King of France. June 2 - Intolerable Acts: The Quartering Act, requiring American colonists to let British soldiers into their homes, is reenacted. July 21... 1774 did General Mikhelson inflict a crushing defeat upon the rebels near Rodina Mat (Motherland), statue on the Mamayev Kurgan, Volgograd Volgograd (Волгогра́д) (population: 1,012,000), formerly called Tsaritsyn (Цари́цын) (1598 - 1925) and Stalingrad (Сталингра́д... Tsaritsyn, when they lost ten thousand killed or taken prisoner. Panin's savage reprisals, after the capture of Penza (Пе́нза) is a city in Russia, administrative center of Penza Oblast in the Volga Federal District. It stands on the Sura River, 709 km south-east of Moscow. Penza was founded in 1663 as a frontier outpost on the then southeastern border of Russia... Penza, completed their discomfiture. On September 14 is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years). There are 108 days remaining. Events 786 - Harun al-Rashid becomes the Abbasid caliph upon the death of his brother al-Hadi 1752 - The British Empire adopts the Gregorian calendar, skipping eleven days (September 2 was followed... September 14, Events January 21 - Mustafa III, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire dies and is succeeded by his brother Abd-ul-Hamid I. May 10 - Louis XVI becomes King of France. June 2 - Intolerable Acts: The Quartering Act, requiring American colonists to let British soldiers into their homes, is reenacted. July 21... 1774 Pugachev's own Cossacks delivered him up when he attempted to flee to the The Ural Mountains, (Russian: Ура́льские го́ры = Ура́л) also known simply as the Urals, are a mountain range that run roughly north and south through western Russia. The Urals extend 2500 km from the... Urals. Monument to Suvorov as youthful Mars, the Roman god of war (Italy (November 24, 1729 - May 18, 1800), was a Russian Generalissimo, reckoned one of a few great generals in history who never lost a battle. He was famed for his manual The Science of Victory, and noted for the... Aleksandr Suvorov had him placed in a metal cage and sent to Saint Basils Cathedral Moscow  listen? ( Russian/Cyrillic: Москва́, pronunciation: Moskva), capital of Russia, located on the river Moskva, and encompassing 1097.12 km2. Its coordinates are 55°45′ N 37°37′ E. The citys population... Moscow for a public execution, which took place on January 10 is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 355 days remaining (356 in leap years). Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon which signalled civil war. 1072 - Robert Guiscard conquers Palermo. 1776 - Thomas Paine publishes Common Sense. 1806 - Dutch in Cape Town... January 10, Events February 9 - American Revolutionary War: British Parliament declares Massachusetts in rebellion March 23 - American Revolutionary War: Patrick Henry delivers his speech - give me liberty or give me death in Williamsburg, Virginia. April 14 - American Revolutionary War: Massachusetts Governor Gage is secretly ordered by the British to enforce the Coercive... 1775.

Bibliography

• N. Dubrovin, Pugachiev and his Associates (Rus.; Petersburg, 1884)
• Catherine II., Political Correspondence (Rus. Fr. Ger.; Petersburg, 1885, &c.)
• S. I. Gnyedich, Emilian Pugachev (Rus.; Petersburg, 1902).

This article incorporates text from the The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. (Proprietary interest is typically represented by a copyright or patent.) Such works and inventions are considered part of... public domain The Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica ( 1911) in many ways represents the sum of knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. The edition is still often regarded as the greatest edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, with many articles being up to 10 times the... 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica.

External links

• Pushkin on Pugachov: God save us from the Russian riot, absurd and cruel (http://www.rvb.ru/pushkin/01text/08history/01pugatchev/1063.htm?start=0&length=all)
• Russian film on Pugachov (1999) (http://www.vladimirmashkov.webcentral.com.au/films/bodyofwork/russkiy.htm)