Pugwash is a fishing, mining, and small-scale manufacturing community on the north shore of Nova Scotia, Canada. Its coordinates are 45°51′00″N, 63°40′00″W. The village is located at the mouth of the Pugwash River where it empties into the Northumberland Strait. As of 2001, the population was 810. Pugwash takes its name from the native Mi'kmaq word, "Pagweak," meaning "Deep Water," in reference to the village's renowned deep harbour, which for more than two centuries has welcomed industrial shipping from around the world. Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit (Latin: One defends and the other conquers) Official languages None (English,French,Gaelic) Flower Trailing arbutus Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Lieutenant-Governor Myra Freeman Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Parliamentary representation  - House seat  - Senate seats 11 10 Area Total  - Land  - Water    (% of total)  Ranked... The Northumberland Strait (French: détroit de Northumberland) is a strait in the southern part of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence in eastern North America. ... The Mikmaq (also Míkmaq, Micmac, Migmaq) are a First Nations people indigenous to northeastern New England, Canadas Maritimes, and the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec. ...

Pugwash sits atop a salt deposit measuring 1,500 feet thick and is home to the largest underground salt mine in Atlantic Canada, with shipments from its port, as well as by rail from a facility near Oxford. Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or halite, is a chemical compound with the formula NaCl. ... Chuquicamata, the largest open pit copper mine in the world, Chile. ... The four Canadian Atlantic provinces. ...

Pugwash is famous for being the site of an international conference of scholars organized by Bertrand Russell in 1957, and hosted by Pugwash's native son, steel magnate Cyrus Eaton (1883-1979), at the lodge on his estate located just north of the village. This conference brought high-level scientists from both sides of the Cold War divide to state their opposition to nuclear weapons. This meeting was a follow-up to an earlier statement of notables whose signatories had included Albert Einstein and Linus Pauling, the Russell-Einstein Manifesto. The name Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs has since been used to refer to the group, although citizens in Pugwash generally term these visitors as the "Great Thinkers." Indeed, visitors entering Pugwash were once greeted by roadside signs announcing that they were entering the "Home of the Thinkers," but the signs have since been replaced by a newer slogan "World Famous for Peace." The switch was made in response to the 1995 awarding of the Nobel Prize to the International Pugwash conferences "for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms." Pugwash is also home to many descendants of Highland Scots who immigrated to the region in the 1800s. All street signs in the town are bilingual with both English and Gaelic translations. The village celebrates its Scottish heritage each July 1, with the annual Gathering of the Clans and Fisherman's regatta. The Pugwash area, and indeed, the entire north shore of Nova Scotia, is famed for its warm waters and sandy beaches. Some claim the waters in summer here are the warmest waters north of the Carolinas in the United States. Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970), was a British philosopher, logician, and mathematician, working mostly in the 20th century. ... 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Cyrus Stephen Eaton (December 27, 1883 - May 9, 1979) was a Canadian-American financier, industrialist and philanthropist. ... 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... This page refers to the year 1979. ... The Cold War was the protracted geopolitical, ideological, and economic struggle that emerged after World War II between the global superpowers of the Soviet Union and the United States, supported by their military alliance partners. ... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 km (11 mi) above the epicenter. ... Albert Einstein, photographed by Yousuf Karsh in 1948. ... Linus Carl Pauling (February 28, 1901 – August 19, 1994) was an American theoretical chemist, molecular biologist, and biochemist, widely regarded as the premier chemist of the twentieth century. ... The Russell-Einstein Manifesto was issued in London on July 9, 1955 by Bertrand Russell in the midst of the Cold War. ... The Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs is a scientifically-oriented peace group. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Events and Trends Beginning of the Napoleonic Wars (1803 - 1815). ...

The creation of pewter crafts and souvenirs is another important industry in Pugwash. The village has an elementary school, named after Cyrus Eaton, as well as a regional highschool that draws students from around rural Cumberland County. Pewter plate Pewter is a metal alloy, traditionally between 85 and 99 % tin, with the remainder consisting of 1-4 % copper, acting as a hardener, with the addition of lead for the lower grades of pewter and a bluish tint. ...

External links

• The Village Of Pugwash Website
• Russell-Einstein Manifesto
• Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs