Pumpernickel is a type of German sourdough bread made with a combination of rye flour and rye meal (a more coarsely ground form of the flour). It has been long associated with the Westphalia region of Germany. The first written mention of the black bread of Westphalia was in 1450. While we do not know whether this, and other early references, are to precisely the bread that came to be known as pumpernickel, there has long been something different about Westphalian rye bread that elicited comment. The defining characteristics of Westphalian pumpernickel are coarse rye flour -- rye meal -- and an exceedingly long baking period. The long slow baking is what gives pumpernickel its characteristic dark color. The bread can emerge from the oven deep brown, even black. White Vienna Sourdough loaves sometimes arrive on shelves at speeds in excess of 75mph Sourdough is a symbiotic culture of lactobacilli and yeasts used to leaven bread. ... Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Binomial name Secale cereale M.Bieb. ... Look up flour in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

A slice of pumpernickel

Traditional German pumpernickel contains no coloring agents, instead relying on the Maillard reaction to produce its characteristic deep brown color, sweet dark chocolate coffee flavor, and earthy aroma. Loaves produced in this manner require 16 to 24 hours of baking in a low temperature (about 250°F or 120°C) steam-filled oven. The bread is usually baked in long narrow pans that include a lid. Like the French pain de mie Westphalian pumpernickel has little or no crust. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2365x1869, 2127 KB) Summary Westfälisches Pumpernickel. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2365x1869, 2127 KB) Summary Westfälisches Pumpernickel. ... The Maillard reaction is a chemical reaction between an amino acid and a reducing sugar, usually requiring the addition of heat. ... Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after the German physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736), who proposed it in 1724. ... Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ...

A separate pumpernickel bread tradition has grown up in America. The American pumpernickel loaf approximates the dark color of traditional German pumpernickel by adding molasses, coffee, cocoa powder, or other darkening agents. In addition to coloring and flavor agents, American bakers often add wheat flour (to provide gluten structure and increase rising) and commercial yeast (to quicken the rise compared to a traditional sourdough). Because of the ways in which American bakers have changed the original German recipe, and for economic reasons, they tend to eschew the long slow baking that is characteristic of German pumpernickel. The result is a loaf that resembles commercial American rye bread -- a bread made with a mix of wheat and rye flour -- but with darker coloring. Many bakers also add a significant amount of caraway seeds, providing an alternate flavor that is now characteristic of many American commercial pumpernickel (and light rye) breads. Wheat - a prime source of gluten Gluten is an amorphous ergastic protein found combined with starch in the endosperm of some cereals, notably wheat, rye, and barley. ... Categories: | | | | ...

American pumpernickel loaves are almost always baked without a baking pan, resulting in a rounded loaf. These breads do not have the dense crumb of a traditional German pumpernickel, nor do they match the deep, dark, rich flavor that comes from baking a dough made with 100% rye flour for a long time at low temperature.

American pumpernickel bread is associated with Jewish cuisine and can often be found in stores that sell "Jewish rye" and other Jewish deli foods.

True German pumpernickel is produced by a few specialty bakers in America, and it is also imported. It is difficult to find in the United States at supermarkets and smaller groceries. German pumpernickel is often sold in small packets of pre-sliced bread. It is usually found in markets aimed at an upscale clientelle because German pumpernickel is often paired with caviar, smoked salmon, sturgeon, and other expensive products of the hors d'oeuvres tray. Because of its association with expensive hors d'oeuvres it can be found throughout Europe and the United Kingdom in upscale groceries, as it is in the United States and Canada. Exterior of a typical British supermarket (a Tesco Extra) Exterior of typical North American supermarket (a Safeway) This Flagship Randalls store in Houston, Texas is an example of an upscale supermarket. ... Supermarket produce section A supermarket is a store that sells a wide variety of goods including food and alcohol, medicine, clothes, and other household products that are consumed regularly. ... This article is 150 kilobytes or more in size. ...

Etymology

The Philologist Johann Christoph Adelung states about the Germanic origin of the word, in the vernacular, Pumpen was a New High German synonym for being flatulent, a word similar in meaning to the English "fart", and "Nickel" was a form of the name Nicholas, an appellation commonly associated with a goblin or devil (e.g., "Old Nick", a familiar name for Satan). Hence, pumpernickel is described as the "devil's fart", a definition accepted by the Stopes International Language Database [1], the publisher Random House [2], and by some English language dictionaries, including Webster's Dictionary [3]. The American Heritage Dictionary adds "so named from being hard to digest." Philology is the study of ancient texts and languages. ... This article is about the word fart itself. ... Nicholas is a male given name. ... The Devil is the name given to a supernatural entity who, in most Western religions, is the central embodiment of evil. ... For other uses, see Satan (disambiguation). ...

The OED, however, does not commit to any particular etymology for the word. It suggests it may mean a lout or booby, but also says, "origin uncertain". The OED currently states the first use in English is from 1756. However, there is an earlier use. A drinking song titled "Beef and Butt Beer, against Mum and Pumpernickel" was published in London in 1743.^{[citation needed]} The Oxford English Dictionary print set The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is a dictionary published by the Oxford University Press (OUP), and is generally regarded as the most comprehensive and scholarly dictionary of the English language. ...

In less scholarly contexts, including numerous internet web sites, the invention of the word is credited to a nameless eighteenth-century Frenchman who, offered the bread at an inn, rejects it for himself with the words, "C'est bon pour Nicole," his horse. (Others quote as "C'est pain pour Nicole.") The origin of this story in English can be traced to Thomas Nugent (1700? - 1772), the first author to offer a description of pumpernickel to an English audience. In the second volume of his Travels through Germany,published in London in 1768, he wrote, "The name is said to have been given to it by a Frenchman traveling this way [in Westphalia], who, when this coarse bread was brought to table, said, Qu'il étoit bon pour Nicole, which was the name of his horse." This story, however, seems to have been current for a long time and did not originate with Nugent. Without mentioning the term "pumpenickel," Thomas Salmon in his Modern History, London (1739), mentions a regional German bread that is "a black coarse sort of rye-bread fitter for horses than men, as the French traveler expressed himself."^{[citation needed]}

Pumpernickel in pop culture

• In The Penultimate Peril, the 12th book in A Series Of Unfortunate Events, Pumpernickel toast was frequently enjoyed by the orphans' late mother during her final pregnancy
• Pumpernickel was often mentioned on the children's program Barney & Friends as Barney's favorite bread for sandwiches.
• In the Neurotically Yours episode "AMITYVILLE TOASTER", Foamy places pumpernickel in the haunted toaster and 56 seconds later it popped up as a blueberry muffin.
• Daffy Duck did a Scarlet Pimpernel parody where he was The Scarlet Pumpernickel. The name is mentioned 10 times in the dialogue.
• The 1966 film King of Hearts has a leading character named Plumpick who is referred to as Pumpernickel around 10 times.
• Pumpernickel bread is mentioned in passing in all of A New Kind of Love (1963), The King of Marvin Gardens (1972), Italian for Beginners (2000), Get a Clue (2002), Hansel and Gretel (2002), Kangaroo Jack (2003) and Lilo & Stitch 2 (2005).

In a song by mewithoutYou << The Grim Grotto | The End >> The Penultimate Peril is the twelfth novel in the book series A Series of Unfortunate Events by Daniel Handler under the pseudonym Lemony Snicket. ... Cover art for the first book in the series,The Bad Beginning featuring Klaus (centre), Sunny (far right), and Violet (right), the Baudelaire Siblings and the main characters of the series, along with villain Count Olaf (left). ... Two slices of toasted white bread. ... Barney & Friends is a popular childrens television show produced in the United States, mainly aimed at preschoolers. ... Foamy the Squirrel, the main character of Neurotically Yours. ... Daffy, as Duck Dodgers, faces off against Marvin the Martian in the 1953 short Duck Dodgers in the 24½th Century, a parody of Buck Rogers. ... Binomial name Anagallis arvensis L. The Scarlet pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis) is a low-growing plant in the family (Myrsinaceae). ... The Scarlet Pumpernickel is a Warner Bros. ... King of Hearts (original French title: Le Roi de Cœur) is a French film about a town in France that has been evacuated due to a bomb placed by the German army. ... A New Kind of Love is a 1963 film starring Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward. ... The King of Marvin Gardens is an American crime-drama film in 1972 . ... Italian for Beginners is a 2000 feature film directed by Lone Scherfig. ... Get a Clue is a 2002 Disney Channel Original Movie. ... Hansel and Gretel is a 2002 film version of the childrens story. ... Kangaroo Jack is a buddy-action movie produced by Jerry Bruckheimer, starring Jerry OConnell, Anthony Anderson, Christopher Walken and Estella Warren. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

External links

• The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
• Waitrose Research on pumpernickel
• The Calories in Pumpernickel bread, for slimmers
• Random House Inc. word definition series
• How to make an American Pumpernickel bread