NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Pune

Coordinates: 18°32′N 73°51′E / 18.53, 73.85 Pune (pronounced /ˈpuːneɪ/, Marathi/Hindi: पुणे, also transcribed as Poona) is the second largest city in the western Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the 8th largest urban agglomeration in India with a population of 5 million, and serves as the administrative capital of Pune district. It is situated 560 metres above sea level on the Deccan plateau, at the confluence of the Mula and Mutha river^[1]. The nearest port is Mumbai, 150 kilometres to the west. This article is about the sport. ... , Maharashtra (Marathi: à¤®à¤¹à¤¾à¤°à¤¾à¤·à¥à¤Ÿà¥à¤° , IPA , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Locator_Dot. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Location of Mirzapur and the 82. ... The geography of India is diverse, with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts, plains, rainforests, hills, and plateaus. ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth â€“ approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... To help compare different orders of magnitude and geographical regions, we list here areas between 100 kmÂ² and 1000 kmÂ². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... The divisions of a district. ... Pune District is situated in Maharashtra state. ... The equivalent terms tehsil, tahsil, tahasil, taluka, taluk, and taluq refer to a unit of government in some countries of the Indian subcontinent. ... View of a typical Haveli at Jaisalmer, Rajasthan Haveli (à¤¹à¤µà¥‡à¤²à¥€)is the term used for a private residence in Pakistan and North India. ... A taluka is an administrative division in India below a district; called tahsil/tehsil in northern India. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... 2008 (MMVIII) will be a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Example of a PIN: The PIN code of Ujjain in Madhya Pradesh A Postal Index Number or PIN or Pincode is the post office numbering or post code system used by the Indian Postal Service. ... For the past decade or so, telecommunication activities have gained momentum in India. ... Licence plates on the back of a taxi in Kolkata. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Marathi (à¤®à¤°à¤¾à¤ à¥€ ) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of western India. ... Hindi (à¤¹à¤¿à¤¨à¥à¤¦à¥€) is a language spoken mainly in North and Central India. ... India is subdivided into 28 states, 6 union territories and a National Capital Territory. ... , Maharashtra (Marathi: à¤®à¤¹à¤¾à¤°à¤¾à¤·à¥à¤Ÿà¥à¤° , IPA , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ... This article lists the top fifty metropolitan areas in India by population as of 2007. ... Pune District is situated in Maharashtra state. ... Deccan redirects here. ... There are at least two rivers called Mula Mula River, India Mula River, Spain Categories: Disambiguation ... Mutha is a river in western Maharashtra, India. ... , Bombay redirects here. ...

Pune rose to prominance in the 17th century as the seat of the Peshwe, the prime ministers of the Maratha empire. After the town was brought under the control of British India in 1817, it served as a cantonment town and as the "monsoon capital" of the Bombay Presidency. In independent India, Pune is known for its educational facilities, having more than a hundred educational institutes and nine universities^[2], as well as its growing industrial facilities, particularly in the automotive industry. Flag of the Maratha Empire Extent of the Maratha Empire ca. ... Anthem God Save The Queen/King British India, circa 1860 Capital Calcutta (1858-1912), New Delhi (1912-1947) Language(s) Hindi, Urdu, English and many others Government Monarchy Emperor of India - 1877-1901 Victoria - 1901-1910 Edward VII - 1910-1936 George V - January-December 1936 Edward VIII - 1936-1947 George... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... A cantonment is a temporary or semi-permanent military quarters, typically in South India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. ... Bombay Presidency was a former province of British India. ... On August 15, 1947, India became an independent Dominion within the British Commonwealth. ... Car redirects here. ...

Name

The name Pune derives from Punya Nagari (Sanskrit, "City of Virtue"). The oldest reference to this name is on a Rashtrakoota copper plate dated to 937, in which the town is refered to as as Punya-Vishaya or Punak Vishaya^[3]. By the 13th century, it had come to be known as Kasbe Pune or Punavadi (Marathi, "Town of Pune")^{[citation needed]}. Sanskrit ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... Events Athelstan wins the Battle of Brunanburh September 21 - Magdeburg is now the capital of the Holy Roman Empire, after a Diet held by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor Births Duke William IV of Aquitaine (d. ... Marathi is one of the widely spoken languages of India, and has a long literary history. ...

In the 19th century, it was refered to as Poona by British administrators. Since 1947, both spellings have been in use, but Pune has dominated for the last decade^{[citation needed]}. Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

History

Copper plates dated to 758 and 768 show that, by the 8th century, an agricultural settlement known as Punnaka existed where Pune is today. The plates indicate that this region was ruled by the Rashtrakutas. The Pataleshwar rock-cut temple complex was also built during this era. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (1408 Ã— 1056 pixel, file size: 309 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Mukul Hinge, Photograph from personal archives. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (1408 Ã— 1056 pixel, file size: 309 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Mukul Hinge, Photograph from personal archives. ... The rock-cut temple of Pataleshwar, belonging to the 8th century AD, is located in Pune, India. ... Jain cave in Ellora The Rastrakutas (Sanskrit/Maharashtri Prakrit [1]/Marathi[2][3]:à¤°à¤¾à¤·à¥à¤Ÿà¥à¤°à¤•à¥‚à¤Ÿ, Kannada: à²°à²¾à²·à³à²Ÿà³à²°à²•à³‚à²Ÿ) were a dynasty which ruled the southern and the central parts or the Deccan, India during the 8th - 10th century. ... Events End of the reign of Empress Koken of Japan; she is succeeded by Emperor Junnin. ... // Death of Pepin the Short (714 - 768), king of the Franks since 751. ... The Rashtrakutas were a dynasty which ruled the Deccan during the 8th-10th centuries. ... The rock-cut temple of Pataleshwar, belonging to the 8th century AD, is located in Pune, India. ...

Pune was a part of Yadava Empire of Deogiri from the 9th century to 1327. It was later ruled by the Nizamshahi sultans, until it was annexed by the Mughal empire in the 17th century. In 1595, Maloji Bhosale was appointed the Jahagirdar of Pune and Supe by the Mughals^[3]. Daulatabad (from Persian دولت‌آباد meaning Built by the Government), also called Deogiri or Devagiri, is a hill-fortress in Maharashtra state, India, in about 40 miles northwest of the city of Aurangabad in Aurangabad district. ... Capital Delhi / Agra Language(s) Persian (initially also Chagatai, Turkish; later also Urdu) Government Monarchy Emperor - 1526-1530 Babur - 1530â€“1539 and after restoration 1555â€“1556 Humayun - 1556â€“1605 Akbar - 1605â€“1627 Jahangir - 1628â€“1658 Shah Jahan - 1659â€“1707 Aurangzeb History - Established April 21, 1526 - Ended September 21, 1857 Area... Events January 30 - William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is performed for the first time. ... A landlord, is the owner of a house, apartment, condominium, or real estate which is rented or leased to an individual or business, who is called the tenant. ...

In 1625, Shahaji Bhonsle appointed Rango Bapuji Dhadphale as the administrator of Pune. He was one of the first major developers of the town, overseeing the construction of the Kasba, Somwar, Ravivar and Shaniwar Peths. Construction also began on the Lal Mahal palace, as Shahaji's son, Shivaji Bhonsle (later Chattrapati Shivaji) was to move there with his mother Jijabai. The Lal Mahal was completed in 1640^[3]. Jijabai is said to have commissioned the building of the Kasba Ganapati temple herself. The Ganapati idol consecrated at this temple is regarded as the presiding deity (gramadevata) of the city^[4]. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x2471, 1529 KB) Summary I clicked this photo myself. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x2471, 1529 KB) Summary I clicked this photo myself. ... Sinhagad: Sinhagad @ sunrise Sinhagad: View from atop Sinhagad Sinhagad: View from the Pune Darwaja Sinhagad (Lion Fort in Marathi) is a fort located near the city of Pune, India, situated on a hill which rises 800 metres above the surrounding countryside. ... Events March 27 - Prince Charles Stuart becomes King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Jijabai with the infant Shivaji Jijabai was the mother of Shivaji, founder of the Maratha Empire. ... Kasba Ganapati is located near Lal Mahal which means The red colored palace. This mahal was built by Dadoji Konddeo on the banks of the Mula-Mutha river. ... Popular image of Ganesh In Hinduism, Ganesha (Gaṇeśa, lord of the hosts, also spelled Ganesa and sometimes referred to as Ganesh in Hindi, Bengali and other Indian vernaculars) is the god of wisdom, intelligence, education and prudence. ... A gramadevata is a deity in Hindu folk religion. ...

From 1630 to 1647, Dadoji Kondev, Shivaji's childhood mentor and teacher, oversaw development and construction in the area. As a child, Shivaji is said to have commemorated agricultural activities personally by using specially made gold tools^{[citation needed]}.

After Shivaji was crowned Chhatrapati (King) in 1649, he oversaw further development in Pune, including the construction of Guruwar, Somwar, Ganesh and Ghorpade Peths. Chhatrapati also Chatrapati is an honorific or title for a ruler. ... // Events January 30 - King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland is beheaded. ...

Baji Rao I became Peshwa of the Maratha empire, ruled by Chattrapati Shahuji in 1720. By 1730, the palace of Shaniwarwada had been constructed on the banks of the Mutha river, ushering in the era of Peshwa control of the city. As their primary residence, the Peshwas took care to construct many temples and bridges in this city, including the Parvati temple and Sadashiv, Narayan, Rasta and Nana Peths. The Peshwas fell into decline after their loss in the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761 and the Battle of Kharda against the Nizam of Hyderabad in 1795. In 1802, Pune was captured from the Peshwa by Yashwantrao Holkar in the Battle of Poona, directly precipitating the Second Anglo-Maratha War of 1803-05. Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Shaniwar Wada (, ) is a palace fort in the heart of Pune City, India. ... Shrimant Baji Rao Balaji Bhatt (August 18, 1699- April 25, 1740), also known as Baji Rao I, was a noted general who served as Peshwa (Prime Minister) to the fourth Maratha Chhatrapati (Emperor) Shahu between 1719 until Baji Raos death. ... Shrimant Shahu Shivaji Raje Bhonsle Chhatrapati Maharaj (1682-1749) was the fourth ruler of the Maratha Empire created by his grandfather, Chhatrapati Shivaji, and was officially the Raja of Satara (now in state of Maharashtra, India). ... // Events January 6 - The Committee of Inquiry on the South Sea Bubble publishes its findings February 11 - Sweden and Prussia sign the (2nd Treaty of Stockholm) declaring peace. ... Events Pope Clement XII elected September 17 - Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Ahmed III (1703-1730) to Mahmud I (1730-1754) Anna Ivanova (Anna I of Russia) became czarina Births April 16 - Henry Clinton, British general (d. ... Shanwarwada is a palace fort in the heart of Pune City, India. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... 1761 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The Battle of Kharda took place in 1795 between Nizam and Peshwa Madhav Rao, in which Nizam was badly defeated. ... Hyderabad and Berar, 1903 Hyderābād was an autonomous princely state of south-central India from 1724 until 1948, ruled by a hereditary Nizam, and an Indian state from 1948 to 1956. ... 1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1802 (MDCCCII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... The Battle of Poona took place on 25 October 1802 near Pune between the rival factions of the Maratha Confederacy. ... The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803 - 1805) was a second conflict between Britain and the Maratha empire in India. ... 1803 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Thomas Jefferson. ...

The Third Anglo-Maratha War broke out between the Marathas and the British in 1817. The Peshwas were defeated at the Battle of Khadki (then transcribed Kirkee) near Pune, and the city was seized. It was placed under the administration of the Bombay Presidency, and the British built a large military cantonment to the east of the city (now used by the Indian Army). The Pune Municipality was established in 1858. Pune was at one time the "monsoon capital" of the Bombay Presidency. The Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817 - 1818) was a final and decisive conflict between Britain and the Maratha empire in India, which left Britain in control of most of India. ... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Battle of Khadki (Kirkee) took place on November 5th 1817 between the forces of the English East India Company and those of Bajirao II the Peshwa of the Maratha Confederacy. ... Bombay Presidency was a former province of British India. ... A cantonment is a temporary or semi-permanent military quarters, typically in South India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. ... This article is about the post-independence Indian Army. ... Year 1858 (MDCCCLVIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Nanasahib Peshwa, the adopted son of the last Peshwa Bajirao II, rose against British East India Company rule in 1856, as part of the Indian Mutiny. He was helped by the Queen of Jhansi and Tatya Tope. After the mutiny failed, the final remnants of the Maratha empire were annexed to British India. Baji Rao II was the last Peshwa of the Maratha Confederacy. ... 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... An engraving titled Sepoy Indian troops dividing the spoils after their mutiny against British rule gives a contemporary view of events from a British perspective. ... , Jhansi à¤à¤¾à¤‚à¤¸à¥€ is a city of Uttar Pradesh state of northern India. ... Tatya Tope also known as Ram Chandra Pandurang was born in 1814 at village Gola in Maharashtra. ...

During the struggle for Indian independence, Pune was an important center for social and religious reform movements that were sweeping the country, being the residence of social reformers including Mahadev Govind Ranade, Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde and Jyotirao Phule. The most important political reformer of this era was Bal Gangadhar Tilak, who dominated the political scene for six decades during this period. The term Indian independence movement is diffused, incorporating various national and regional campaigns, agitations and efforts of both Nonviolent and Militant philosophy and involved a wide spectrum of Indian political organizations, philosophies, and movements which had the common aim of ending the British Colonial Authority as well as other colonial... Mahadev Govind Ranade (16 January 1842 - 16 January 1901) was an Indian lawyer, reformer and author. ... Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar (also spelt Ramkrishna Gopal Bhandarkar, and known as R.G.Bhandarkar), was a scholar, orientalist and social reformer. ... Gopal Krishna Gokhale (à¤—à¥‹à¤ªà¤¾à¤² à¤•à¥ƒà¤·à¥â€à¤£ à¤—à¥‹à¤–à¤²à¥‡) born May 9, 1866, in Kolhat, Maharashtra, India was one of the founding social and political leaders during the Indian Independence Movement against the British Empire in India. ... Jyotirao Govindrao Phule (Marathi:à¤œà¥à¤¯à¥‹à¤¤à¤¿à¤°à¤¾à¤µ à¤—à¥‹à¤µà¤¿à¤‚à¤¦à¤°à¤¾à¤µ à¤«à¥à¤²à¥‡) (April 11, 1827 â€” November 28, 1890), also known as Mahatma Jyotiba Phule was an activist, thinker, social reformer and revolutionary from Maharashtra in the nineteenth century. ... Bal Gangadhar Tilak (1856 - 1920), was an Indian nationalist, social reformer and freedom fighter who was the first popular leader of the Indian Independence Movement. ...

Geography

Pune is located 560m (1,837 ft) above sea level on the western margin of the Deccan plateau. It is situated on the leeward side of the Sahyadri mountain range (the Western Ghats), which separate it from the Arabian sea. It is a relatively hilly city, with its tallest hill rising to 800m (2,625 ft) above sea level. Deccan redirects here. ... The Western Ghats or Sahyadri mountains run along the western edge of Indias Deccan Plateau, and separate the plateau from a narrow coastal plain along the Arabian Sea. ... The Arabian Sea (Arabic: Ø¨ØØ± Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨; transliterated: Bahr al-Arab) is a region of the Indian Ocean bounded on the east by India, on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by Arabian Peninsula, on the south, approximately, by a line between Cape Guardafui, the north-east point of Somalia...

Central Pune is located at the confluence of the Mula and Mutha rivers. The Pavana and Indrayani rivers, tributaries of the Bhima river, traverse the northwestern outskirts of the metropolitan Pune. There are at least two rivers called Mula Mula River, India Mula River, Spain Categories: Disambiguation ... Mutha is a river in western Maharashtra, India. ... The Bhima River is a river in western India. ...

Pune lies very close to the seismically active zone around Koyna Dam, about 100 km south of the city, and has been rated in Zone 4 (on a scale of 2 to 5, with 5 being the most prone to earthquakes) by the India Meteorological Department. Pune has experienced some moderate-intensity and many low-intensity earthquakes in its history. Although no major earthquakes have originated in Pune itself, an earthquake of magnitude 3.2 took place in the Katraj region near Pune on May 17, 2004^[5]. Koyna Dam is one of the largest dams in Maharashtra, India. ... The Indian subcontinent has had a history of devastating earthquakes. ... is the 137th day of the year (138th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Climate

Pune has a tropical wet and dry climate with average temperatures ranging between 20°C to 28°C.

Pune experiences three distinct seasons: summer, monsoon and winter. Typical summer months are from March to May, with maximum temperatures ranging from 30 to 38 °C (85 to 100 °F). The warmest month in Pune is April; although summer doesn't end until May, the city often receives locally developed heavy thundershowers in May (although humidity remains high). Even during the hottest months, nights are usually cool due to Pune's high altitude. For other uses, see Summer (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Monsoon (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Winter (disambiguation). ... A roll cloud associated with a heavy or severe thunderstorm over Enschede, The Netherlands. ...

The monsoon lasts from June to October, with moderate rainfall and temperatures ranging from 10°C to 28°C (50°F to 82°F). Most of the 722mm of rainfall in the city fall between June and September, and July is the wettest month of the year. Pune once received rainfall on 29 consecutive days^{[citation needed]}.

Winter begins in November; November in particular is known as the Rosy Cold (Marathi: गुलाबी थंडी). The daytime temperature hovers around 28 °C (83 °F) while night temperature is below 10 °C (50 °F) for most of December and January, often dropping to 5 or 6 °C (42 °F). Winter ends in February, as summer starts again. Marathi is one of the widely spoken languages of India, and has a long literary history. ...

Economy

Pune is a major industrial centre, growing rapidly every year. It is home to one of the world's largest two-wheeler manufacturers, Bajaj Auto. Other automobile majors are Tata Motors, India's largest passenger car and commercial vehicle manufacturer, DaimlerChrysler, which has an assembly line for its Mercedes-Benz brand, Kinetic Motor Company and Force Motors Ltd (previously known as Bajaj Tempo). It is soon going to house General Motors, Volkswagen, FIAT who have announced their plans to set up shop around Pune. Auto component major TATA Autocomp Systems Limited (TACO) is based primarily in Pune. TACO has manufacturing units in various industrial zones of Pune and outskirts. Engineering goods industries situated in Pune are Bharat Forge Ltd, the world's second largest forging company, Cummins Engines Co Ltd, has its Research & Technology India center, Thermax Limited a global player providing sustainable solutions in energy and environment, Alfa Laval, Sandvik Asia, Thyssen Krupp (formerly Buckau Wolff), KSB Pumps, Finolex, Greaves India and Forbes Marshall, among others. Electronic goods giants like Whirlpool and LG have appliance manufacturing plants. Food majors like Frito Lay and Coca Cola also have their food processing plants. [Black & Veatch][1], a large global engineering and construction company also has a large presence in Pune. Apart from this Pune houses many mid and small industries. The international air connectivity had helped many volume produce growers in the surrounding districts to export their goods conveniently. Image File history File links Pune_infy. ... Image File history File links Pune_infy. ... Bajaj Auto is a major Indian automobile manufacturer. ... Tata Motors Limited, formerly known as TELCO (TATA Engineering and Locomotive Company), is Indias largest passenger automobile and commercial vehicle manufacturing company. ... DaimlerChrysler AG (ISIN: DE0007100000) is a German car corporation and the worlds eighth largest car manufacturer. ... This page is about the Mercedes-Benz brand of automobiles and trucks from the DaimlerChrysler automobile manufacturer. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Bajaj Tempo Ltd is now known as Force Motors Ltd. ... This article is about the diesel engine manufacturer. ... Alfa Laval is a Swedish company, founded in 1883 by Gustaf de Laval and Oscar Lamm. ... German industrial company ThyssenKrupp AG, with about 200,000 employees, mainly operates in the steel industry, but also in the automotive, industrial construction, and shipbuilding areas, as well as manufacturing elevators and providing other technologies and services. ... Whirlpool Corporation (NYSE: WHR) is the worlds leading manufacturer and marketer of major home appliances,with annual sales of approximately $18 billion, more than 73,000 employees, and more than 70 manufacturing and technology research centers around the world. ... A leader in making and manufacturing Electronics LG redirects here. ... Frito-Lay North America (FLNA) is a division of PepsiCo, Inc. ... This article is about the beverage. ...

Pune has a burgeoning software industry, thanks to the presence of IT parks like Rajiv Gandhi IT Park at Hinjewadi, Magarpatta Cybercity, MIDC Software Technology Park at Talawade, Marisoft IT Park at Kalyani Nagar, International Convention Center (ICC), Weikfield IT Park etc. Many of India's major software players such as Symphony services,Reflexis Systems, Starent Networks,Fiserv, TietoEnator, Amdocs, Infosys,Ambujex TCS, Tech Mahindra, Wipro, Cognos, Atos Origin, Oracle Corporation, Sasken, Krawler Networks, Cybage, Cognizant, Tata Elxsi, Fluent, Xansa, John Deere Technology Center, Patni, Satyam, Cybage, KPIT Cummins, Aztecsoft (Disha), Persistent Systems, Pyxis Systems Pvt. Ltd., Geometric Limited, Neilsoft , Nihilent Technologies, Encodex Technologies, BladeLogic,Quagnito and Capgemini previously Kanbay, have a major presence in Pune. Global majors like Accenture, BMC Software, NVIDIA, HSBC Global Technology, TIBCO, IBM, Dell, Red Hat, Siemens, EDS, Amdocs, UGS, I-Flex, Cognizant,Calsoft, Symantec, SunGard Data Systems, Global Graphics Software, Versant Inc., Zensar Technologies, eGain Corp., Syntel Limited, GamCom Solutions [2] which also has office in London UK, T-Systems and SAS Research and Development India Pvt Ltd have a major presence in Pune. Pune is also emerging as a prominent city for BPO due to the availability of skilled English speaking manpower. BPO companies like WNS, Convergys, Infosys BPO, EXL, Wipro BPO, Next, vCustomer and Mphasis have started operations in Pune. Several hardware and VLSI companies like Ingot Systems are also located in Pune. Several HR consultants have their operations in Pune to meet the ever growing demand for a highly specialised workforce. ... TietoEnator is an international software development company. ... Amdocs NYSE: DOX, headquarters in St. ... Infosys Software Development Center in Pune. ... Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS Limited company) is one of the worldâ€™s largest providers of information technology, consulting, services and business-process outsourcing which commenced operations in 1968. ... Tech Mahindra Ltd. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Wipro Technologies. ... Cognos (TSX: CSN, NASDAQ: COGN) is an Ottawa, Ontario based company which makes business intelligence (BI) and performance management software. ... Atos Origin, SA (Euronext: ATO) is an international IT corporation which operates in more than 50 countries worldwide, with about 47,000 employees. ... Oracle Corporation (NASDAQ: ORCL) is one of the major companies developing database management systems (DBMS), tools for database development, middle-tier software, enterprise resource planning software (ERP), customer relationship management software (CRM) and supply chain management (SCM) software. ... Sasken Communication Technologies is a Bangalore-based embedded telecom solutions company. ... Krawler[x] is a p2p based Social Network that lets users setup personal networks, create, find and publish content, and find people to network with. ... Cybage is an offshore software services company based in Pune, India. ... Cognizant began its software services business in 1994 as the in-house technology development center for The Dun & Bradstreet Corporation (D&B) and its operating units. ... Tata Elxsi Limited (BSE: 500408, NSE: TATAELXSI) is a technology company of the Tata Group in India. ... Fluent can refer to: fluency, in linguistics, the ability to communicate quickly fluent (mathematics), in mathematics, a countinous function fluent (artificial intelligence), in artificial intelligence, a condition that varies over time Fluent, Inc. ... Xansa (LSE:XAN) is an outsourcing and technology company, quoted on the London Stock Exchange. ... Deere & Company (usually known by its brand name John Deere) (NYSE: DE) is an American corporation based in Moline, Illinois, and the leading manufacturer of agricultural machinery in the world. ... Sanskrit for Lady, Mistress, see Potnia Patni Computer Systems Category: ... Satyam Computer Services Ltd. ... Cybage is an offshore software services company based in Pune, India. ... A rising star on the horizon and a niche specialist partner for the Automotive, Semiconductor & F&A BPO industry , KPIT Cummins Infosystems was recently chosen as a leader in global outsourcing (#38) by the International Association of Outsourcing Professionals (May 07). ... Persistent Systems Limited is a Software Development company based in Pune, India. ... BladeLogic, Inc. ... Capgemini (Euronext: CAP) is a major French company, one of the worlds largest information technology, management consulting, outsourcing and professional services companies with a staff of 75,000 operating in 30 countries. ... Kanbay International, Inc. ... Accenture (NYSE: ACN, ISIN: BMG1150G1116) is a global management consulting, technology services, and outsourcing company. ... BMC Software, Inc. ... The American multinational Nvidia Corporation (NASDAQ: NVDA) (pronounced ) specializes in the manufacture of graphics-processor technologies for workstations, desktop computers, and handheld devices. ... TIBCO Software Inc. ... For other uses, see IBM (disambiguation) and Big Blue. ... This article is about the corporation Dell, Inc. ... For other uses, see Red Hat (disambiguation). ... Siemens redirects here. ... EDS may refer to: Ed. ... Amdocs NYSE: DOX, headquarters in St. ... i-flex solutions limited is an India based IT company that produces software for the financial services industry. ... Cognizant began its software services business in 1994 as the in-house technology development center for The Dun & Bradstreet Corporation (D&B) and its operating units. ... Symantec Corporation NASDAQ: SYMC, founded in 1982, is an international corporation which sells computer software, particularly in the realms of security and information management. ... SunGard Data Systems provides financial services and information availability services to businesses. ... Zensar Technologies is a global information technology services and BPO solutions provider headquartered in Pune, India. ... Syntel, Inc. ... T-Systems is one of Europeâ€™s leading providers of information and communications technology. ... SAS Institute logo SAS Institute Inc. ... Business process outsourcing (BPO) contains the transmission of processes along with the associated operational activities and responsibilities, to a third party with at least a guaranteed equal service level and where the client contains a firm grip over the (activities of the) vendor for mutual long term success. ... Convergys (NYSE: CVG) is a multi-national corporation that provides management consulting services, outsourced billing, customer care and employee care, and transaction management software. ... Infosys BPO Ltd. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

To meet the demands of this explosive economic growth in Pune, the state is planning a 1,000 MW power plant which will exclusively serve Pune. MIDC is the lead agency for the project.^[6] For other uses, see Power station (disambiguation). ...

Civic Administration

The city of Pune is managed by the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC). The Corporation consists of 149 directly elected councillors^[7], who are lead by the Mayor of Pune, a titular position mainly acting as an ambassador and representative of the city. Actual executive power is vested in the Municipal Commissioner, an officer of the Indian Administrative Service who is appointed by the Maharashtra state government. The Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) was established on 15th February 1950. ... Direct election is a term describing a system of choosing political officeholders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the person, persons or political party that they desire to see elected. ... The (IAS) is one of the three All India Services of the Government of India; other two services being the Indian Police Service (IPS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS). ...

Apart from the PMC, four other administrative bodies are active within the Pune metropolitan area^{[citation needed]}:

The Pune Police is headed by the Police Commissioner of Pune, an officer of the Indian Police Service. The Police report to the state ministry. Pimpri-Chinchwad (Marathi: à¤ªà¤¿à¤‚à¤ªà¤°à¥€-à¤šà¤¿à¤‚à¤šà¤µà¤¡) is a city in the Pune district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. ... Kirkee or Khadki is a town in the Indian state of Maharashtra located at . ... Dehu Road is a cantonment town in Pune district in the state of Maharashtra, India. ... The Indian Police Service (IPS) is one of the three All India Services of the Government of India; other two services being the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Foreign Service (IFS). ...

Military importance

Pune is home to the following prominent military establishments: Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

It has also been a prominent cantonment town since the first decade of the nineteenth century. The battles of Kirkee (Khadki) and Koregaon were fought here in the early nineteenth century. An an old war memorial is located opposite Sassoon Hospital (named after David Sassoon, a prominent member of the Jewish community, buried in Pune). A new war memorial, the National War Memorial (Maharashtra) is located in Pune cantonment near Ghorpuri. This memorial commemorates the sacrifice of the soldiers of the Indian Armed Forces, belonging to Maharshtra, who lost their lives in the conflicts fought by independent India. This article is about the post-independence Indian Army. ... Alma mater is Latin for nourishing mother. It was used in ancient Rome as a title for the mother goddess, and in Medieval Christianity for the Virgin Mary. ... The Academy of National Defence (AON, Akademia Obrony Narodowej) is the highest military university of Poland, located in Warsaw and RembertÃ³w. ... Alternate meanings: West Point (disambiguation). ... The Armed Forces Medcial College (AFMC) is a premier medical college in India, which trains high quality doctors. ... The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is Indias premier research organisation for defence related matters. ... Kirkee or Khadki is a town in the Indian state of Maharashtra located at . ... Sassoon General Hospital, Pune Sassoon General Hospital is a large state-run hospital in Pune, Maharashtra, India. ... David Sassoon (1792-1864) was a philanthropist and a prominent Bombay businessman. ...

Transport

Pune is well-connected by road, rail, and air to most major cities in India such as Mumbai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Delhi, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, Indore, Lucknow and Chennai. Pune Airport is an international hub with flights connecting to Singapore(discontinued) and Dubai. Pune is located in the West of India, in the state of Maharashtra and is roughly 160 km east of Mumbai. ... , Bombay redirects here. ... For other uses, see Hyderabad. ... For other uses, see Bangalore (disambiguation). ... , For other uses, see Delhi (disambiguation). ... , â€œCalcuttaâ€ redirects here. ... , Ahmedabad (Gujarati: , Hindi: à¤…à¤¹à¤®à¤¦à¤¾à¤¬à¤¾à¤¦ ) is the largest city in the state of Gujarat and the seventh-largest urban agglomeration in India, with a population of almost 51 lakhs (5. ... , Indore (Hindi:à¤‡à¤¨à¥à¤¦à¥Œà¤° ,Marathi:à¤‡à¤‚à¤¦à¥‚à¤°) , a large city in the Malwa region of Central India is the commercial capital of the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. ... , Lucknow ( , Hindi: à¤²à¤–à¤¨à¤Š, Urdu: Ù„Ú©Ú¾Ù†Ø¤, ) is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state of India. ... Madras redirects here. ... Pune Airport (IATA: PNQ, ICAO: VAPO), also known as Lohegaon Airport, is located approximately 10 kilometres north-east of Pune. ... Location of Dubai in the UAE Coordinates: , Country Emirate Dubai Incorporated (town) June 9, 1833 Incorporated (emirate) December 2, 1971 Founder Maktoum bin Bati bin Suhail (1833) Seat Dubai Subdivisions Towns and villages Jebel Ali Hatta Al Hunaiwah Al Aweer Al Hajarain Al Lusayli Al Marqab Al Shindagha Al Faq...

The Government of Maharashtra has entrusted responsibility for creating a new Pune International Airport project to MIDC. The area between Chakan and Rajgurunagar, around the villages of Chandus and Shiroli, is currently under consideration as a site for the airport, situated 40 km from Pune GPO along the Pune - Nashik National highway (NH-50). MIDC stands for Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation. ...

The city has two railway stations, Pune and Shivajinagar. Local trains connect Pune to the industrial towns of Pimpri and Chinchwad, and Lonavala. Road travel between Pune and Mumbai has improved significantly with the construction of the Mumbai-Pune Expressway Inter-city luxury buses, both state owned and private ones, also connect Pune with major cities like Mumbai, Hyderabad and Bengaluru. Pimpri is a town near Pune in Maharashtra, India. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Pimpri Chinchwad. ... Lonavala or Lonavla (Marathi: à¤²à¥‹à¤£à¤¾à¤µà¤³à¤¾) is a hill station in the western state of Maharashtra in India. ... The Mumbai-Pune Expressway as seen from Khandala An overview of the expressway The Mumbai Pune Expressway (Marathi: à¤®à¥à¤‚à¤¬à¤ˆ-à¤ªà¥à¤£à¥‡ à¤¦à¥à¤°à¥à¤¤à¤—à¤¤à¥€ à¤®à¤¹à¤¾à¤®à¤¾à¤°à¥à¤—) is Indias first six-lane concrete, high-speed, access controlled tolled expressway. ... , Bombay redirects here. ... For other uses, see Hyderabad. ... For other uses, see Bangalore (disambiguation). ...

The Maharashtra state transport buses facilitate travel to rural areas surrounding Pune.

Public Transport

PMPML[Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Ltd] has bus routes throughout the city and its suburbs. The PMPML is running a pilot project for buses with dedicated lanes, called Pune Bus Rapid Transit. Pune has a Light Rail/ SkyBus /Light Metro Rail proposal for implementation on both Pune Municipal Corporation, PCMC and MSRDC plans. The city of Pune in India is the first to experiment with a Bus Rapid Transit system; a single pilot route started plying in December 2006. ... This article is about light rail systems in general. ...

Within the city, auto rickshaw is the common mode of taxi transport. Air-conditioned blue-and-white "cool cabs" operate on pre-paid fare basis between Pune and Mumbai. (These are likely to be found only at Pune Airport and Pune Railway Station.) Passengers and drivers meet at this auto rickshaw stand in Chennai. ... Pune Airport (IATA: PNQ, ICAO: VAPO), also known as Lohegaon Airport, is located approximately 10 kilometres north-east of Pune. ...

Private Transport

The public transport infrastructure is currently highly strained. Thus the number of personal cars and 2-wheelers in the city is staggering. According to one study in 2007, there were then 400,000 cars and 1.6 million two-wheelers in the Pune urban agglomeration. More than 200,000 vehicles are added to the traffic in Pune every year.

Inter-city, Inter-state transport

The most used routes from Pune are Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Nasik, Ahmedabad, Shirdi, Kolhapur and Goa. Buses leave for Mumbai every 15 minutes from the Pune station.

Demographics

The urban agglomeration around Pune has a population of 5,050,000 in 2008. This figure includes the population of the city of Pimpri-Chinchwad, which is the industrial twin of Pune. Of late, the city has witnessed a sizeable investment in the software and automobile sectors, resulting in an influx of skilled labor from all over India. Pimpri-Chinchwad (Marathi: à¤ªà¤¿à¤‚à¤ªà¤°à¥€-à¤šà¤¿à¤‚à¤šà¤µà¤¡) is a city in the Pune district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. ...

The areas under Pune City (PMC), PCB (Pune Cantonment Board) and KCB (Khadki Cantonment Board) have a combined population of 3.6 million as of 2008. The areas under Pimpri-Chinchwad (PCMC) and DCB (Dehu Road Cantonment Board) have a combined population of 1.4 million.

Several suburbs are now completely cosmopolitan and real-estate prices have soared since 2003. Notably, even though Pune is the seventh largest city in India, it has the sixth largest metropolitan economy and the highest per capita income in India, with the least income disparity between the rich and poor.^[9] The per capita income for a group of people may be defined as their total personal income, divided by the total population. ...

Marathi is the major language in Pune. English is understood and spoken by the educated class. Hindi is also widely understood and spoken.

Culture

Pune is a modern, progressive and vibrant city. Pune is Maharashtra's cultural capital and the form of Marathi spoken in Pune is considered to be the standard form of the language.^[10] Pune is a vibrant cultural city and people from multiple religions and speaking different regional languages reside here. It also hosts various national festivals and cultural events throughout the year. People of Pune have wide interests in various Arts, Literature, Music, Spiritualism and Food. In recent years it has also been a leader in Trance and Techno movements, alongside Goa and Mumbai. The city is well known for its British Raj "bangalow architecture" and the Garden Cities Movement layout of the Cantonment in the early Twentieth Century. Christopher Charles Benninger landmark architectural works surround the city, including the Mahindra United World College of India, the Centre for Development Studies and Activities, the YMCA Retreat at Nilshi, the Samundra Institute of Maritime Studies, the International School Aamby and many others. Marathi is one of the widely spoken languages of India, and has a long literary history. ... Trance is a style of electronic music that developed in the 1990s. ... For the comic book character previously known as Techno, see Fixer (comics). ... For other uses, see Goa (disambiguation). ... , Bombay redirects here. ... Christopher Charles Benninger is an Indian architect and planner born in America 1942. ... The Mahindra United World College of India (MUWCI) is one of 12 United World Colleges, located 40 km west of Pune in Maharastra, India. ...

Pune also has many malls, cafes, food chains, bookstores, etc. Barista, McDonalds, KFC, Crossword / Landmark bookstores and many other chains have multiple outlets in various areas of the city. Due to a large student population, Pune also hosts many youth festivals such as Verve annually. McDonalds Corporation (NYSE: MCD) is the worlds largest chain of fast-food restaurants [1]. Although McDonalds did not invent the hamburger or fast food, its name has become nearly synonymous with both. ...

Ganapati (Ganesha) Festival

It was in Pune in 1894 that Lokmanya Tilak initiated the concept of the "Sarvajanik Ganeshotsav" — the collective communal celebration of the festival of Lord Ganesha. During the month of August or September each year, the city celebrates the Hindu festival of Ganesh Chaturthi. Almost every neighborhood puts up a pandal with an idol of Lord Ganesha, often amidst a mythological setting, complete with decorative lights and festive music. The 10-day festival culminates in a carnival-like procession along the busy thoroughfares of the city, with every pandal leading the idol on a float to finally immerse (visarjan) it in the local rivers. This is one of the most important yearly events in the city. Image File history File links DagdushethGanpati2005. ... Image File history File links DagdushethGanpati2005. ... For other uses, see Ganesha (disambiguation). ... Lord Ganesh Shiva Ganesh Chaturthi (IAST: , sanskrit: à¤—à¤£à¥‡à¤¶ à¤šà¤¤à¥à¤°à¥à¤¥à¥€) (Ganesh Festival) is a day on which Lord Ganesha, the son of Shiva and Parvati, is believed to bestow his presence on earth for all his devotees. ... Hindu mythology is a term used by modern scholarship for a large body of Indian literature that details the lives and times of legendary personalities, deities and divine incarnations on earth interspersed with often large sections of philosophical and ethical discourse. ...

During this time, the Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation organizes the month-long Pune Festival which hosts classical dance and music recitals, a film and drama festival, automobile rallies and some traditional sports.

Sawaai Gandharva Music Festival

In December Pune hosts the Sawai Gandharva Music Festival. It is dedicated to the classical forms of music — both Hindustani and Carnatic. Many renowned artists perform through 3 consecutive days creating a hype unique to this city. It is one of the most eagerly awaited festivals in the city, and it attracts music lovers from Pune and other parts of Maharashtra and India. The Sawai Gandharva Music Festival is a prominent Indian classical music festival in the Indian town of Pune. ... Hindustani Classical Music is an Indian classical music tradition that took shape in northern India in the 13th and 14th centuries AD from existing religious, folk, and theatrical performance practices. ... Carnatic music, also known as is one of the two styles of Indian classical music, the other being Hindustani music. ...

Theatre

Pune has given birth to or attracted a body of organization for the Marathi literati. Marathi Theatre (Drama नाटक — रंगभूमी ) is an integral part of Marathi culture. Both — Experimental (प्रायोगिक रंगभूमी) and Professional Theatre — receive whole-hearted patronage from the Marathi community. Tilak Smarak Mandir, Bala Gandharva Rangmandir, Bharat Natya Mandir, Yashwantrao Chavan Natyagriha and Su-darshan Rangmanch continue to serve these art forms.

One of the main theatre activity centers is the Su-darshan Rangamanch run by Maharashtra Cultural Center, a leading public charitable trust active in cultural activities. The trust has its own mini theatre as well as an art gallery where many amateur theatre groups perform their plays, music and dance programmes. Pune have several arts institutes.

Entertainment

Pune has many multiplexes and cinema theatres, showing the latest Bollywood and Hollywood movies. These multiplexes are situated in various parts of the city. Marathi movies are screened at Prabhat and City Pride. Multiplexes include INOX near Pune station, E Square on University road, City Pride on Satara road, City Pride at Kothrud, Adlabs Cinemas at Kalyani Nagar and Chinchwad Fame Jai Ganesh at Akurdi, Pimpri-chinchwad,Mangala at Corporation. Other than the cinema there are various other leisure facilities such as go-karting at Manas Resorts and the Pancard club.^[11] a bowling alley at 3D Destination^[12] Pune Theatres and Cinema Halls Bollywood (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is the informal term popularly used for Mumbai-based Hindi-language film industry in India. ... Marathi is one of the widely spoken languages of India, and has a long literary history. ...

Religion and Spirituality

Religion in Pune is sometimes synonymous with the Ganapati Utsav and the city is also famous for its Ganesh temples. Lord Ganesh Shiva Ganesh Chaturthi (IAST: , sanskrit: à¤—à¤£à¥‡à¤¶ à¤šà¤¤à¥à¤°à¥à¤¥à¥€) (Ganesh Festival) is a day on which Lord Ganesha, the son of Shiva and Parvati, is believed to bestow his presence on earth for all his devotees. ...

The Chaturshringi goddess is the reigning deity of the city of Pune. A temple dedicated to the goddess is situated on the slopes of a mountain in the northwest part of the city. In the month of September there is a huge procession for the Navaratris and people flock in to visit and receive blessings of the Goddess. The Chaturshringi Temple is a Hindu temple in Pune, in the Maharashtra state of India. ...

Pune was also home to a considerable population of the Indian Jewish community, the Bene Israel. It is home to Asia's largest synagogue (outside Israel), The Ohel David Synagogue (Popularly called Lal Deval - the Red Temple ). Pune is also the birth place of Meher Baba. The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination of these attributes. ... The Bene Israel (Hebrew: Sons of Israel) are a group of Jews who migrated in the nineteenth century from west Maharashtra to the nearby Indian cities, primarily Mumbai, but also to Pune, Ahmadabad, and Karachi (Karachi later became a part of Pakistan). ... The synagogue Scolanova Trani in Italy. ... Meher Baba (Persian: Ù…Ù‡Ø± Ø¨Ø§Ø¨Ø§ DevanÄgarÄ«: à¤®à¤¹à¤° à¤¬à¤¾à¤¬à¤¾ ), (February 25, 1894, Merwan Sheriar Irani â€“ January 31, 1969), was an Indian spiritual teacher who said he was the Avatar. ...

Close to Pune, near the Malavali hills, is the Vedanta Academy, founded by one of the world's most noted exponents of Vedanta, Swami Parthasarathy. The academy offers free Vedantic education to young seekers from all corners of the world. For other uses, see Vedanta (disambiguation). ... Swami Parthasaraty (ca. ...

The Shrutisagar Ashram, located at Phulgaon village off Ahmednagar road, houses the Vedanta Research Center and a unique temple of Lord Dakshinamurthy situated near the confluence of rivers Bhima, Bhama and Indrayani. It was established in 1989 by Swami Swaroopanand Saraswati. Here one can find detailed Marathi, Hindi and English explanations of the great 'Shruti' and 'Smruti' which include Vedas, Bhagwat Gita, Upanishads and Purana. Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Veda redirects here. ... The Upanishads (Devanagari: à¤‰à¤ªà¤¿à¤¨à¤·à¤¦à¥, IAST: ) are regarded as part of the Vedas and as such form part of the Hindu scriptures. ... The Puranas are part of Hindu Smriti; these religious scriptures discuss devotion and mythology. ...

Radha Kunjbihari temple, situated at the heart of the city is becoming attraction for the thousands of youths across the India. This temple belongs to ISKCON(International Society for Krishna Consciousness).

The spiritual teacher Osho (Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh) resided and taught in Pune for much of the 1970s and 1980s. The lush green Osho International Meditation Resort, one of the world's largest places dedicated to meditation and personal development, is located in the Koregaon Park area and attracts a great number of national and international visitors to the city.^[13] Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... This article is about the spiritual teacher formerly known as Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh. ...

Pune has become an important place for Yoga education since world famous legendary Yoga Master B. K. S. Iyengar established his Yoga Institute and where teachers of Yoga from all over the world come for final education. His books Light on Yoga and Light on Pranayama are translated in 18 languages world wide and considered textbooks of Yoga, while his Iyengar Yoga System is recognized for school education internationally. For other uses such as Yoga postures, see Yoga (disambiguation) Statue of Shiva performing Yogic meditation Yoga (Sanskrit: à¤¯à¥‹à¤— Yoga, IPA: ) is a group of ancient spiritual practices originating in India. ...

Close to Pune City are the villages of Alandi and Dehu where Sant Dnyaneshwar and Sant Tukaram belong. Each year thousands of pilgrims from all over Maharashtra gather here and start 'Wari' which is the procession carrying 'palkhi's of Sant Dnyaneshwar and Sant Tukaram to Pandharpur. Pandharpur is the home to Lord Vitthal and is about 300 km from Pune. All pilgrims walk this distance to reach Pandharpur on the auspicious day of 'Aashadhi Ekadasshi' when the 'Wari' ends. Alandi - birth place of Great Sant Dnyaneshwar (18Â° 40â€² 12â€³ N 73Â° 54â€² 00â€³ E) is a town on the banks of the Indrayani River, 25 km east of Pune, India. ... Dnyaneshwar (1275-1296) was a Hindu saint and poet who lived in Alandi Maharashtra, India at the end of the thirteenth century. ... Sant Tukaram (à¤¤à¥à¤•à¤¾à¤°à¤¾à¤®) (c. ... Vithoba of Pandharpur Pandharpur is a town in district Solapur in state of Maharashtra in Western India. ... Vitthal is the same as Vithoba ...

Zoos and Parks

Pune has a number of public gardens, such as the Kamala Nehru Park, Sambhaji Park, Shahu Udyan, Peshwe Park, Saras Baug and Bund Garden. The city has a zoological garden which was earlier at Peshwe Park and has now been relocated at Katraj and known as Rajiv Gandhi National Park at the site of the erstwhile Snake Park which now forms part of it. Pune has got the unique Japanese garden of Okoyama in Japan. It is named after Pune's beloved and versatile author P. L. Deshpande (also known as PuLa) as Pu La Deshpande Udyan. This garden is an exact replica of the Japanese Garden at Okoyama (Japan).

Food

Pune residents are known for their fondness for food. Among the plethora of food available are a large variety of sweets, notable places are Karachi Regal Sweets, Bhavnagari, Chitale Bandhu Mithaiwale and Kaka Halwai. Pune has its very own variety of Thick milk-shakes with ice-cream scoops topped with chopped dried fruits called Mastaani (मस्तानी). Notable places are Sujata Cold Drinks, Gujar Mastani and Kawre Cold Drinks. Light snacks like fresh potato chips called wafers, a fried spicy snack called Chiwda (िचवडा) a fried potato pattie and bun sandwich called Vada pav are available everywhere. Another food item unique to Maharashtra, Misal - a mixture of sprouted cereals, spiced flattened rice, lots of spices & special Tarri (gravy) with bread, is available in almost all restaurants. Besides this, Pune has many places serving south indian food, notable places are Coffee House at Camp, Madhuban and Southern Spice at Dhole Patil Road and Vaishali Restaurant at F.C. Road and Shivsagar located both on F.C. Road and on D.P. Road in Aundh and Gujarati and Rajasthani food, notable places being Mayur, Rajdhani, Rutugandh. One can taste Kolhapuri cuisine at restaurants in the old city like Durga, Tiranaga, Trushna. Apart from Indian food, Western food like Pizza, Burgers, Italian, Mediterranean, Spanish is also easily available here. All popular food chains like Pizza Hut, McDonalds, Subway, KFC, Dominos, Pizza Express, Smokin Joe's etc have their presence in Pune. The Camp area — Main street/M.G. Road and East street, Dhole Patil Road, Jungli Maharaj Road, and Fergusson College Road are some of the more popular hangouts for food lovers. Jumbo Vada Pav Vada Pav (also spelled Wada Pav and pronounced WUH-daahh POW) is an Indian vegetarian fast food commonly eaten in Maharashtra, India, and is one of the most popular fast-foods in Mumbai. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Pune is located in the West of India, in the state of Maharashtra and is roughly 160 km east of Mumbai. ... Pune is located in the West of India, in the state of Maharashtra and is roughly 160 km east of Mumbai. ... Pune is located in the West of India, in the state of Maharashtra and is roughly 160 km east of Mumbai. ...

Pune has many Dining Halls spread out across the city catering to outstation students and office goers residing in the city. These are modest sit-down eateries that serve all-you-can-eat meals at affordable prices. The stiff competition ensures that every place has something unique to offer, besides the good standard and rich menu list. Pune's young professionals routinely eat at these places during work hours, while spending their free time hanging out at parks and cafes feasting on street food such as kacchi dabeli (a kind of sandwich), bhel (a spicy puffed rice mix), panipuri (puffy little fried crispy discs filled with sauce) etc. Notable ones are Anna Bhel at Bund Garden, Kalyan Bhel in Bibwewadi, Lullanagr Chowk & Ganesh Bhel in Ganesh Nagar & Karvenagar. Kaathi Kabab at East street or near Kapila Hotel and Cafe Blue Nile, George Restaurant, Durga Biryani house and Cafe Goodluck for biryani are very popular amongst meat lovers. For 'Misal' Popular ones are Shree (Laxmi Road), Bedekar (Narayan Peth), Shrikrishna (Tulashibaugh) & Ramnath(Tilak Rd),Newale Misalwale (Chicnchwadgaon).

Neighborhoods

See Pune Neighborhoods Over a period of 1980s - 2000s Pune has seen very rapid and continued growth in terms of population, area and habitation. ...

2. Inner Pune City: West-Central Pune City such as Deccan, Erandwane, Shivajinagar. East-Central Pune City such as Camp, Dhole Patil road, Koregaon Park. South-Central Pune City such as Swargate, Parvati, Mukundnagar - Maharshinagar, Gultekdi, Salisbury Park.

3. Outer Pune City: North-West (Aundh-Ganeshkhind), West (Kothrud, Karvenagar, Paud road until Chandni Chowk), South-West (Dattawadi, Sahakarnagar, Dhankawadi), South-East (Bibvewadi, Lullanagar, Upper Kondhwa), East (Ghorpadi, Fatimanagar, Wanowrie, Hadapsar south) 4. Suburbs of Pune City: North-West (Baner, Pashan), West (Bavdhan, Warje), South-West (Wadgaon, Dhayari, Ambegaon), South-East (Katraj, Lower Kondhwa, Undri, Mohammedwadi), East (Hadapsar north, Mundhwa, Manjri), North-East (Wadgaon Sheri, Kharadi), and North (Dhanori, Kalas).

PCMC contains Sangvi (and surrounding areas such as Dapodi, Wakad, Hinjewadi, Pimple Nilakh, Pimple Gurav), Pimpri (and surrounding areas such as Chikhli, Kalewadi, Kasarwadi, Phugewadi, Pimple Saudagar), Bhosari (and surrounding areas such as Moshi, Dighi, Dudulgaon, Charholi Budruk), Chinchwad (and surrounding areas such as Thergaon, Tathawade, Talawade) and Nigdi-Akurdi (and surrounding areas such as Ravet, Dehu Road, Somatne).

Peths

Peth is the general name for a locality in old Pune. Peths are an important part of Pune culture and were important ingredients of ancient city planning. Some of the Peths are named after the days of the week: Raviwar (Sunday) Peth, Somwar (Monday) Peth, Mangalwar (Tuesday) Peth, Budhwar Peth (Wednesday), Guruwar (Thursday) Peth, Shukrawar (Friday) Peth, and Shaniwar (Saturday) Peth. Budhwar Peth is one of many commercial localities in the city of Pune. ...

Some peths have been named after a major temple located within their boundaries, such as Ganesh Peth, Bhawani Peth and Ganj Peth. Other peths have been named after certain notable Maratha and Peshwa rulers and generals, such as Central Peths by Dadoji Konddev, South Peths by Nilopant Mujumdar, Sadashiv Peth for Sadashivrao Bhau, Nana Peth for Nanasaheb Peshwe, Narayan Peth for Narayanrao Peshwe, Ghorpade Peth for Santaji Ghorpade and Rasta Peth for Sardar Raste. The last peth is the Navi (New) Peth. Currently, many localities are named as "Nagar" such as Sahakarnagar, Shikshaknagar, Vimannagar, Lokmanyanagar, Karvenagar and so on. The MarÄthÄs (Marathi: , also Mahrattas) form an Indo Aryan group of Hindu warriors and peasants hailing mostly from the present-day state of Maharashtra, who created a the expansive Maratha Empire, covering a major part of India, in the late 17th and 18th centuries. ... The Maratha Empire at its peak in 1760 The Peshwa(Marathi:à¤ªà¥‡à¤¶à¤µà¥‡ or à¤ªà¥‡à¤¶à¤µà¤¾) (also known in Marathi as Peshwe) were Brahmin Prime Ministers to the Maratha Chattrapatis (Kings), who began commanding Maratha armies and later became the hereditary rulers of the Maratha empire of central India from 1749 to 1818. ... Dadoji Konddeo (Marathi: à¤¦à¤¾à¤¦à¥‹à¤œà¥€ à¤•à¥‹à¤‚à¤¡à¤¦à¥‡à¤µ) (also known as Dadaji Konddev and Dadoji Kondadev) was a 16th century martial arts expert from India, particularly known for being the mentor of Maratha empire founder Shivaji. ... A compass rose with South highlighted South is most commonly a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating direction or geography. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Santaji Ghorpade was one of Sambhajis associates and a famous Maratha warrior. ... Sardar Raste was the maternal uncle of the Peshwas who were asked to leave the boundaries of Pune city. ...

Media and Communication

Marathi newspapers such as maharashtra times, (times group)Sakal, Loksatta, Lokmat, Kesari and Pudhari are popular. English dailies such as The Times of India,Pune Mirror, the Indian Express, Maharashtra Herald, and fortnightly VivaWest, and DNA have editions based in Pune, with additional local supplements. Marathi is one of the widely spoken languages of India, and has a long literary history. ... Sakal is a Marathi language newspaper based in Pune, Maharashtra. ... Lok Satta is also the name of an organisation working for democratic reforms led by Dr. Jayaprakash Narayan, renowned Peoples activist from Andhra Pradesh,India. ... Lokmat is a popular Marathi language newspaper. ... Kesari is also the village located in the prefecture of Corinthia in Greece, see Kesari, Greece Kesari is a Marathi newspaper founded by Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak, considered the father of the Indian Independance movement. ... The Times of India, often abbreviated as TOI, is one of Indias leading daily newspapers, owned and managed by Bennett, Coleman & Co. ... The Indian Express is an Indian newspaper started by Ram Nath Goenka, and is published from New Delhi. ...

Star Maajha, Zee Marathi, Doordarshan Sahyadri and ETV Marathi, Me Marathi, are popular television channels. Many English, Hindi entertainment and news channels are watched as well. Pune has FM Radio services as well running for last few years. Though Radio Mirchi (98.3 MHz) tops the popularity rating, AIR FM (101.MHz),Radio City(91.10) and Vidyavaani (Pune Universities' own FM Channel) have their presence felt. Zee Marathi (Marathi:à¤à¥€ à¤®à¤°à¤¾à¤ à¥€) is India-based satellite television channel, which carries broadcasts in Marathi. ... Radio Mirchi is a nationwide network of private FM radio stations in India. ... For the electronica band, see All India Radio (band). ... Radio City is a FM radio station in India. ...

There are plans to make Pune India’s first wireless city. Intel Technology Pvt Ltd, Pune Municipal Corp (PMC) and Microsense joined hands to commercially roll out the first phase of a 802.16d Wi-Fi and WiMax network in the city. The first phase of the ‘Unwire Pune’ project deployment would provide wireless connectivity in a 25 km² expanse of the city. After the completion of the first phase, in around four months, Pune Municipal Corp is planning to make services commercially available to citizens at a cost of Rs 250 offering a speed of 256 kbit/s.^{[citation needed]}

Education and Research

Pune was called "The Oxford of the east" by Jawaharlal Nehru^{[citation needed]}, India's first Prime Minister, due to the well-known academic and research institutions in the city and its popularity amongst students. The temperate climate of the city is responsible for the green campuses of many colleges, and the prevalent academic mindset amongst Punekars helps nurture research and higher education. Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... The following is a list of Colleges the city of Pune along with their website links (if available). ... Pune was also called The Oxford of the eastby Jawaharlal Nehru, Indias first Prime Minister; as Pune attracts students from all over the world. ... Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (Hindi: , IPA: (November 14, 1889 â€“ May 27, 1964) was a major political leader of the Congress Party, a pivotal figure in the Indian independence movement and the first Prime Minister of independent India. ...

Educational and Research Hub

Four reputed colleges,Symbiosis, College of Engineering, Pune, Sir Parashurambhau College and Fergusson College have been located in Pune since the late 1800s. The Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, a world-renowned institute for research and instruction in the Sanskrit and Prakrit languages currently houses more than 20,000 ancient manuscripts. It was established in Pune in 1917.Another institute called DES(Deccan Education Society) founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak is well known.This institute was the pioneer in the field of education in Pune.The famous Fergusson college was established by DES. College of Engineering, Pune (COEP) is an engineering college in Pune, India. ... Main Building of Fergusson College Kimaya, the cultural center Fergusson College is one of the well known colleges in western India, in the city of Pune. ... The Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, abbreviated BORI, is located in Pune at the junction of Law College Road and Bhandarkar Road. ...

The SNDT University for Women was established in Pune in 1916. Soon after Indian independence in 1947, the University of Pune, the National Defence Academy and National Chemical Laboratory were established in Pune. In the years to follow several reputed educational and research institutes were established here. SNDT logo SNDT is a womens university in the city of Mumbai, India. ... The University of Pune (formerly the University of Poona), located in northwestern Pune, is one of Indias premier universites. ... The Academy of National Defence (AON, Akademia Obrony Narodowej) is the highest military university of Poland, located in Warsaw and RembertÃ³w. ... The National Chemical Laboratory is a government laboratory in Pune, India near Pashan. ...

Basic and Special Education

Schools in Pune are either run by the PMC, in which case they are called Municipality schools, or privately by trusts and individuals. Private schools have been preferred^{[citation needed]} by a majority of city residents because of better facilities. These schools use either Marathi or English as the medium of instruction. All private schools are affiliated either with the Maharashtra state SSC board or the all-India Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) and CBSE boards. Prominent among Pune schools are Loyola High School,St Vincents High School,St Josephs High School Pashan,St.Marys High School and the Rewachand Bhojwani Academy, Camp, which has been featured on BBC World recently for its style of education, which is off the beaten track. The Secondary School Certificate, also known as SSC, is a public examination taken by students in Bangladesh, Pakistan and in the states of Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Goa in India after successfully completing at least ten years of schooling. ... The Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) examination is an examination conducted by the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations for class 10, i. ... The Central Board of Secondary Education is a board of school education in India. ...

Pune is the largest center for Japanese learning in India and the JLPT exams are held in Pune annually (December). The Japanese language training is provided by the University of Pune among others. Other languages like German (Max Muller Bhavan) and French (Alliance Francaise de Poona) are also popular amongst Punekars. Some high schools optionally train students in French, German and Russian from the 8th grade onwards.

University Education

All colleges in Pune are affiliated to the University of Pune, one of the largest universities in the world in terms of matriculation. The University of Pune was established in 1948. Some prominent colleges include the Symbiosis College of Arts and Commerce, College of Engineering, Pune(COEP), Fergusson College, Brihan Maharashtra College of Commerce (BMCC), Abasaheb Garware College, Nowrosjee and Ness Wadia College, Sir Parshurambhau (SP) College, and Modern College. These and many other colleges educate students in the arts, sciences and engineering disciplines. Engineering colleges in Pune graduate up to 10,000 engineers in various disciplines every year, especially serving the burgeoning software and IT industry. The COEP, established in 1854, is one of the oldest colleges in Asia. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (1200 Ã— 900 pixel, file size: 222 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Fergusson College (the main building), photograph by Mukul Hinge, personal archives, free to use. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (1200 Ã— 900 pixel, file size: 222 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Fergusson College (the main building), photograph by Mukul Hinge, personal archives, free to use. ... Main Building of Fergusson College Kimaya, the cultural center Fergusson College is one of the well known colleges in western India, in the city of Pune. ... The University of Pune (formerly the University of Poona), located in northwestern Pune, is one of Indias premier universites. ... College of Engineering, Pune (COEP) is an engineering college in Pune, India. ... Main Building of Fergusson College Kimaya, the cultural center Fergusson College is one of the well known colleges in western India, in the city of Pune. ...

The famous Film and Television Institute of India and National Film Archives are also located in Pune on Law College road. Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), is an autonomous Institute under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. ... The National Film Archive of India is a film archive established in 1964. ...

Established medical schools such as the Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC) and Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College (BJMC) train students from all over Maharashtra and India and are amongst the top 10 medical colleges in India.

Military Nursing College affiliated to AFMC ranks among the top colleges in Nursing in the world.

Symbiosis Institute of Computer Studies and Research(SICSR),Symbiosis Institute of Management Studies (SIMS),Symbiosis Institute of Telecom Management (SITM), Symbiosis Institute of International Business (SIIB), Symbiosis Institute of Business Management (SIBM), The Institute of Management Development and Research (IMDR), The Sinhgad Institute Of Management, The Department of Management Sciences, University of Pune (PUMBA), Balaji Institute of Modern Management[3](BIMM,Pune),formerly known as Indian Institute of Modern Management(IIMM,Pune),Indira Institute of Management (IIM, Pune). The [[N.G. Naralkar Institute are some of the reputed management schools in the city, National Insurance Academy School of Management (NIA SoM) gives unique training to government and non-government insurance students. Government Institute of Agricultural Banking is one of a kind institute giving education in agricultral financial management. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Symbiosis Institute of International Business (est. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion, because: no encyclopedic content If you disagree with its speedy deletion, please explain why on its talk page or at Wikipedia:Speedy deletions. ... The University of Pune (formerly the University of Poona), located in northwestern Pune, is one of Indias premier universites. ... NIA SoM is the Management School of National Insurance Academy, which completed its silver jubilee in 2005. ...

Symbiosis Law School is the seventh ranked law college in India (acc. to India Today June edition,2007).ILS Law College of the Indian Law Society is one of the top 10 law schools in India.

In addition to the statutory universities, Pune boasts of 5 Deemed Universities - Deccan College (Archaeology and Linguistics), Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth (Sanskrit, Indology, Ayurveda and Social Sciences), Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Bharati Vidyapeeth, PICT and Symbiosis International University and Dnyaneshwar Vidyapeeth. In 2008, the University of Oxford announced that it plans to establish the Oxford University India Business Centre (OUIBC) at Pune. This will be Oxford Saïd Business School's first offshore facility.^[14] Deccan College, Pune Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute is a post-graduate institute of Archeology and Linguistics in Pune, India. ... The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics (GIPE) in Pune, Maharashtra was conceived in 1930 by the late Shri R R Kale as a centre for research and higher learning in Economics. ... For the ancient tribe that inhabited what is now Scotland, see the Picts. ... The Symbiosis Society is a family of 30 educational institutions on 8 campuses in Pune, India. ... The University of Oxford (informally Oxford University), located in the city of Oxford, England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ... SaÃ¯d Business School (SBS) is the business school of the University of Oxford in England, located on Park End Street in Oxford. ...

Engineering Colleges

Pune has many engineering colleges. Some of the notable colleges in Pune include

See also List of engineering colleges in Pune Image:Http://aicoep. ... College of Engineering, Pune (COEP) is an engineering college in Pune, India. ... List show engineering colleges in city limits of Pune and Pimpri-Chinchwad municipal corporation. ...

Research Institutes

In addition to the University of Pune, Pune is home to diverse research institutions of national importance that supplement higher education. Located adjacent to the university is the National Chemical Laboratory and the Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), while the university campus houses the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute [BORI] , the National Centre for Cell Scienceand [^[15]] (Symbiosis Institute For Computer Studies and Research. The National Chemical Laboratory is a government laboratory in Pune, India near Pashan. ... Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) with its genesis in the year 1988 as a national initiative of the Department of Information Technology (DIT), Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MC&IT), Government of India embodies the true spirit of indigenous high-end research and development for state... The Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) is an autonomus institution set up by the University Grants Commission to promote nucleation and growth of active groups in astronomy and astrophysics in Indian universities. ... <-- unsourced image removed: Image:Gmrt. ...

The Central Water and Power Research Station (CW & PRS), the (National Insurance Academy), National Institute Of Bank Management (NIBM), NIC [National Informatics Centre], the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, the Agarkar Research Institute and the Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) are located in Pune and conduct fundamental research for the benefit of India's millions. The National AIDS Research Institute is in Bhosari, a suburb of Pune. The National Center for Cell Science, an institute for research in animal cell biology is situated in the University of Pune while the National Institute of Virology( NIV) under government of India is located in Pune Camp. Pune also houses a premier industrial research lab Tata Research Development and Design Centre, a research unit of Tata Consultancy Services, working in the areas of computer science and modeling/simulation for materials processing. National Insurance Academy The National Insurance Academy (NIAPUNE also known as NIA or simply Academy) is situated in Pune, India. ... The University of Pune (formerly the University of Poona), located in northwestern Pune, is one of Indias premier universites. ...

Education Institutes Dedicated to the Defence Forces

Pune is host to several excellent educational institutes specifically dedicated to Defence forces. They include training institutes such as the well-known National Defence Academy (NDA), College of Military Engineering (CME) and Army Institute of Physical Training (AIPT). Medical students are trained at the Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC) and at Military Nursing Service (MNS) to serve the armed forces. The Armament Research and Development Establishment (ARDE), Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DIAT), High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL) ,Research& Development Establishment(R&DE(E)) and Army Institute of Technology are also located in Pune. And in the south of Pune (district Katraj) you can find the institute of environment education and research of the Bharati Vidyapeeth University (BVIEER). The National Defence Academy of India is the premier national institute of military sciences, and fundamental training college for all prospective officers of the Indian Army, the Indian Air Force and the Indian Navy. ... The Armed Forces Medcial College (AFMC) is a premier medical college in India, which trains high quality doctors. ...

Sports and Recreation

Cricket is the most popular sport in Pune, watched and played by many. City clubs affiliated to Maharashtra Cricket Association [MCA] have their own leagues and tournaments. Badminton is also fairly popular among Puneites. The first rules of the game were written in Pune by the British in 1873^[16] and were not dissimilar to those in the modern version of the game. Hence Pune is known as the birthplace of Badminton. Hockey, football, tennis and chess as well as Indian games such as kabaddi and kho-kho are also very popular with schoolgoers and adults alike. Pune annually hosts the Pune International Marathon, which is often dominated by international athletes from Kenya, Ethiopia and Russia. Rowing enthusiasts, such as members of the Royal Connaught Boat Club take to the Mula-Mutha river. This article is about the sport. ... This article is about the sport. ... A game of field hockey in progress Field hockey is a popular sport for men, women and children in many countries around the world. ... Soccer redirects here. ... For other uses, see Tennis (disambiguation). ... Kabaddi (sometimes written Kabbadi or Kabadi) (Telugu: , Punjabi: , Marathi: , Hindi: ,Urdu: ; IPA: ) is a team sport originally from the Indian subcontinent. ... Kho Kho is an Indian sport played by teams of twelve players who try to avoid being touched by members of the opposing team. ... The Pune International Marathon is an annual marathon foot-race run in Pune, India. ... Royal Connaught Boat Club boathouse. ...

The Nehru Stadium, home of the Maharashtra Cricket Association, has hosted several One Day International cricket matches, including one from the 1996 World Cup where minnows Kenya upset the West Indies. The Deccan Gymkhana is another sporting institution with facilities for cricket, several tennis courts, basketball and swimming, having hosted Davis Cup matches on several occasions. The PYC Hindu Gymkhana located in the heart of the city is another famous place for nurturing sports. The Shiv Chattrapati Sports Complex at Balewadi hosted the National Games in 1994, and is slated to host the Commonwealth Youth Games in 2008. The Nehru Stadium is one of Chennai (Madras) three cricket grounds. ... A One-day International (ODI) cricket match is a one-day cricket match played between two international teams each representing a particular country. ... The 1996 Cricket World Cup was won by Sri Lanka who beat Australia by 7 wickets at the final in Lahore. ... For more coverage of cricket, go to the Cricket portal. ... Learie Constantine, was one of the first great West Indian players. ... The great Australians Lew Hoad and Ken Rosewall with the Cup in 1953 The Davis Cup is the premier international team event in mens tennis. ... The 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games will be held in Pune, India. ...

Prominent sportspersons hailing from Pune include the legendary cricketer D. B. Deodhar, father-son cricketing duo Hemant and Hrishikesh Kanitkar and tennis players Radhika Tulpule, Gaurav Natekar and Nitin Kirtane (tennis) and Aniket Koparkar(Table Tennis). Abhijeet Kunte and Pravin Thipse are national champion chess players. Local MP Suresh Kalmadi is also the president of the Indian Olympic Association. Dinkar Balwant Deodhar (14 January 1892 - 1993) is a former Indian first class cricketer. ... Hemant Shamsunder Kanitkar (born December 8, 1942, Amravati, Maharashtra) is a former Indian cricketer who played in 2 Tests in 1974. ... Hrishikesh Kanitkar (born November 14, 1974 in Maharashtra) is an Indian cricketer. ... Suresh Kalmadi (born May 1, 1944, Pune, Maharashtra) is an Indian politician and businessman. ... The Indian Olympic Association is the body responsible for selecting athletes to represent India at the Olympics and other international athletic meets and for managing the Indian teams at the events. ...

Sister cities

Pune's sister cities are: Sign denoting twin towns of Neckarsulm Town twinning or sister cities is a concept whereby towns or cities from geographically and politically distinct areas are paired, with the goal of fostering human contact and cultural links. ...

Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... For other uses, see San JosÃ©. Nickname: Location of San Jose within Santa Clara County, California. ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956â€“present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic - President George W. Bush (R) - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... Image File history File links Flag_of_Norway. ... County District Municipality NO-1902 Administrative centre TromsÃ¸ Mayor (2004) Herman Kristoffersen (Ap) Official language form Neutral Area - Total - Land - Percentage Ranked 18 2,566 kmÂ² 2,519 kmÂ² 0. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Fairbanks redirects here. ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956â€“present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic - President George W. Bush (R) - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... This article is about the city in Germany. ...

Trivia

There are hundreds of thousands of craters on Mars, but only some of them have names. ... Amet is a city and a municipality in Rajsamand district in the state of Rajasthan, India. ... Bhor is a city and a municipal council in Pune district in the state of Maharashtra, India. ... A broach is a series of chisel points mounted on one piece of steel. ... Kakori is a town and a nagar panchayat in Lucknow district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Rayadurg is a city and a municipality in Anantapur district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. ... Sandila is a city and a municipal board in Hardoi district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Desaswamedh Ghat in Varanasi, crowded with pilgrims at sunrise. ... // Pune City is surrounded by many hills like Katraj hill, Panchgao- Parvati, Ramtekdi, Gultekdi, Range Hills, Dive Ghat. ... Sinhagad is a hill fort located near Pune in Maharashtra, India. ... is the 120th day of the year (121st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 127th day of the year (128th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ...

References

^ Nalawade, S.B.. Geography of Pune Urban Area. Ranwa. Retrieved on 2008-04-04.
^ Kaul, Sanat (May 2006). "Higher Education in India: Seizing the Opportunity (working paper)" (PDF). Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, New Delhi, India. Retrieved on 2008-04-04.
^ ^a ^b ^c Some Important Years In The History Of Pune. Retrieved on 2008-04-04. Pune's Timeline}}
^ Monuments in Pune. Pune district administration. Retrieved on 2008-04-04.
^ M3.2 Katraj-Pune Earthquake, 2004. Retrieved on 2008-04-15.
^ New power plants
^ About the Pune Municipal Corporation. Retrieved on 2008-04-21.
^ Indian Army: List OF PIOs & Appelate Auths.
^ Per capita income of Pune. Indian Express. Retrieved on 2007-03-24.
^ Standard form of Marathi
^ Go Karting at Pancard club
^ 3D Destination
^ Page on virtualpune.com
^ The Oxford University India Business Centre. University of Oxford. Retrieved on 2008-01-21.
^ <body> SICSR </body> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiosis_Institute_of_Computer_Studies_and_Research_%28SICSR%29
^ The origin of Badminton
^ San Jose sister city page for Pune
^ Tromso sister city page for Pune
^ Pramanik, S.K.. Pune Climate. Government of Maharashtra. Retrieved on 2006-08-16.

2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 94th day of the year (95th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... PDF is an abbreviation with several meanings: Portable Document Format Post-doctoral fellowship Probability density function There also is an electronic design automation company named PDF Solutions. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 94th day of the year (95th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 94th day of the year (95th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 94th day of the year (95th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 105th day of the year (106th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 83rd day of the year (84th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikitravel is a project to create an open content, complete, up-to-date, and reliable world-wide travel guide. ... The Open Directory Project (ODP), also known as dmoz (from , its original domain name), is a multilingual open content directory of World Wide Web links owned by Netscape that is constructed and maintained by a community of volunteer editors. ...

This article is about the study of the past in human terms. ... Sinhagad: Sinhagad @ sunrise Sinhagad: View from atop Sinhagad Sinhagad: View from the Pune Darwaja Sinhagad (Lion Fort in Marathi) is a fort located near the city of Pune, India, situated on a hill which rises 800 metres above the surrounding countryside. ... Kasba Peth is the oldest peth (locality) in Pune, India. ... The Battle of Khadki (Kirkee) took place on November 5th 1817 between the forces of the English East India Company and those of Bajirao II the Peshwa of the Maratha Confederacy. ... Shrimant Baji Rao Balaji Bhatt (August 18, 1699- April 25, 1740), also known as Baji Rao I, was a noted general who served as Peshwa (Prime Minister) to the fourth Maratha Chhatrapati (Emperor) Shahu between 1719 until Baji Raos death. ... Suresh Kalmadi (born May 1, 1944, Pune, Maharashtra) is an Indian politician and businessman. ... The Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) was established on 15th February 1950. ... Old Executive Office Building, Washington D.C. Bank of China Tower, Hong Kong, China In architecture, construction, engineering and real estate development the word building may refer to one of the following: Any man-made structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or continuous occupancy, or An... Taj Mahal Big Ben Saint Basils Cathedral Azadi Square in Tehran For other senses of this word, see landmark (disambiguation). ... Shaniwar Wada (, ) is a palace fort in the heart of Pune City, India. ... Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum. ... Kasba Ganapati is located near Lal Mahal which means The red colored palace. This mahal was built by Dadoji Konddeo on the banks of the Mula-Mutha river. ... The rock-cut temple of Pataleshwar, belonging to the 8th century AD, is located in Pune, India. ... The Aga Khan Palace, Pune was built in 1892 by Sultan Mahommed Shah, Aga Khan III, as an act of charity to provide employment for people hit by famine in the neighboring regions. ... The Chaturshringi Temple is a Hindu temple in Pune, in the Maharashtra state of India. ... Pune is located in the West of India, in the state of Maharashtra and is roughly 160 km east of Mumbai. ... Pune Airport (IATA: PNQ, ICAO: VAPO), also known as Lohegaon Airport, is located approximately 10 kilometres north-east of Pune. ... The Mumbai-Pune Expressway as seen from Khandala An overview of the expressway The Mumbai Pune Expressway (Marathi: à¤®à¥à¤‚à¤¬à¤ˆ-à¤ªà¥à¤£à¥‡ à¤¦à¥à¤°à¥à¤¤à¤—à¤¤à¥€ à¤®à¤¹à¤¾à¤®à¤¾à¤°à¥à¤—) is Indias first six-lane concrete, high-speed, access controlled tolled expressway. ... For other uses, see Culture (disambiguation). ... A sport consists of a physical activity or skill carried out with a recreational purpose: for competition, for self-enjoyment, to attain excellence, for the development of a skill, or some combination of these. ... Meher Baba (Persian: Ù…Ù‡Ø± Ø¨Ø§Ø¨Ø§ DevanÄgarÄ«: à¤®à¤¹à¤° à¤¬à¤¾à¤¬à¤¾ ), (February 25, 1894, Merwan Sheriar Irani â€“ January 31, 1969), was an Indian spiritual teacher who said he was the Avatar. ... This article is about the spiritual teacher formerly known as Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh. ... The Sawai Gandharva Music Festival is a prominent Indian classical music festival in the Indian town of Pune. ... Royal Connaught Boat Club boathouse. ... The 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games will be held in Pune, India. ... The Pune International Marathon is an annual marathon foot-race run in Pune, India. ... Pune was also called The Oxford of the eastby Jawaharlal Nehru, Indias first Prime Minister; as Pune attracts students from all over the world. ... The Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, abbreviated BORI, is located in Pune at the junction of Law College Road and Bhandarkar Road. ... Main Building of Fergusson College Kimaya, the cultural center Fergusson College is one of the well known colleges in western India, in the city of Pune. ... The University of Pune (formerly the University of Poona), located in northwestern Pune, is one of Indias premier universites. ... Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), is an autonomous Institute under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. ... The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics (GIPE) in Pune, Maharashtra was conceived in 1930 by the late Shri R R Kale as a centre for research and higher learning in Economics. ... College of Engineering, Pune (COEP) is an engineering college in Pune, India. ... The National Chemical Laboratory is a government laboratory in Pune, India near Pashan. ... The National Defence Academy of India is the premier national institute of military sciences, and fundamental training college for all prospective officers of the Indian Army, the Indian Air Force and the Indian Navy. ... Deccan College, Pune Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute is a post-graduate institute of Archeology and Linguistics in Pune, India. ... Pimpri-Chinchwad (Marathi: à¤ªà¤¿à¤‚à¤ªà¤°à¥€-à¤šà¤¿à¤‚à¤šà¤µà¤¡) is a city in the Pune district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. ... India is subdivided into 28 states, 6 union territories and a national capital territory. ... , Maharashtra (Marathi: à¤®à¤¹à¤¾à¤°à¤¾à¤·à¥à¤Ÿà¥à¤° , IPA , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ... The Chinese pilgrim, Hiun Tsang, visited Maharashtra during AD 640-641 and was very impressed by the prosperity of the country, the efficiency of the administration and the character of the people. ... Maharashtra is one of the most industrialized states of India. ... Marathi (à¤®à¤°à¤¾à¤ à¥€ ) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of western India. ... The Marathi people or Maharashtrians (Marathi: à¤®à¤°à¤¾à¤ à¥€ à¤®à¤¾à¤£à¤¸à¤‚ or à¤®à¤¹à¤¾à¤°à¤¾à¤·à¥à¤Ÿà¥à¤°à¥€à¤¯) are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group, that inhabit the Maharashtra region and state of western India. ... Marathi literature (à¤®à¤°à¤¾à¤ à¥€ à¤¸à¤¾à¤¹à¤¿à¤¤à¥à¤¯) is one of the most flourishing, progressive and popular elements of Indian literature. ... Marathi cinema (à¤®à¤°à¤¾à¤ à¥€ à¤šà¤¿à¤¤à¥à¤°à¤ªà¤Ÿ) is one of the oldest in regional Indian films industry. ... Maharashtrian (or Marathi) cuisine is cuisine of the Marathi-speaking people, those from the state of Maharashtra in India. ... desh is a gay baller ... Districts comprising the Khandesh region of Maharashtra. ... It has been suggested that History of the Konkan be merged into this article or section. ... Map of the districts comprising the Aurangabad Division of Maharashtra. ... Map of the districts comprising the Vidarbha region. ... Maharashtra state is made up of 35 districts, which are grouped into six divisions. ... Location of Ahmednagar district Ahmednagar District (à¤…à¤¹à¤®à¤¦à¤¨à¤—à¤° )is a district of Maharashtra state in central India. ... Akola is a district in Maharashtra, located in central India. ... Amravati is a district in Maharashtra, India. ... Aurangabad District is a District in Maharashtra, India. ... Beed or Bid is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in India. ... Bhandara is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in India. ... Buldhana District has an area of 9,680 kmÂ² and is located in Amravati Division of Maharashtra, located in central India. ... Chandrapur is a district in Nagpur Division of the Indian state of Maharashtra. ... Dhule District is a district of Maharashtra state in central India. ... Gadchiroli District is an administrative district in Maharashtra, India. ... Gondia District, also known as Gondiya District, is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in India. ... Hingoli is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in India. ... Location of Jalgaon district Jalgaon District (à¤œà¤³à¤—à¤¾à¤µ) was formerly known as East Khandesh District. ... Jalna is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in India. ... Kolhapur district is located in Maharashtra state. ... Latur is both a district and an important city in Maharashtra, India. ... Mumbai city district is a district of Maharashtra. ... The Mumbai suburban district is a district of the state of Maharashtra, India. ... Nagpur District is a district of Maharashtra state in central India. ... Nanded District is a district of Maharashtra state in central India. ... Nandurbar is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in India. ... Nashik District is a district in Maharashtra state of central India. ... Osmanabad is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in India. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Pune District is situated in Maharashtra state. ... Raigad District (Marathi: à¤°à¤¾à¤¯à¤—à¤¡ à¤œà¤¿à¤²à¥à¤¹à¤¾), also known as Raigarh District, is a district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. ... Ratnagiri is a district in Maharashtra, India. ... Sangli District is a district of Maharashtra state in west-central India. ... Satara District is a district in the Indian state of Maharashtra with an area of 10,480 kmÂ² and a population of 2,808,994 of which 14. ... Sindhudurg (à¤¸à¤¿à¤‚à¤§à¥à¤¦à¥‚à¤°à¥à¤— in Marathi) is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in India, which was carved out of the erstwhile Ratnagiri district. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Thane is a district in northern Maharashtra in India. ... Wardha District is located in Maharashtra state. ... Washim is a District in Maharashtra, India. ... Yavatmal (also Yeotmal) is a district of the Indian state of Maharashtra. ... , Amravati (also known as Amrawati or Amraoti) is a city in the state of Maharashtra in India. ... , For other uses, see Aurangabad. ... For other uses, see Jalgaon (disambiguation). ... , Kolhapur (Marathi:à¤•à¥‹à¤²à¥à¤¹à¤¾à¤ªà¥‚à¤°) is a city situated in the south west corner of Maharashtra, India. ... , Bombay redirects here. ... , Navi Mumbai (Marathi: à¤¨à¤µà¥€ à¤®à¥à¤‚à¤¬à¤ˆ, IAST: ) (erstwhile: New Bombay) is a twin of Mumbai city, India. ... , NÄgpur (Marathi: à¤¨à¤¾à¤—à¤ªà¥à¤°) Third largest city in the western Indian state of Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune with a population of 2. ... , Nashik (Marathi: ) ( ) or Nasik (Marathi: ) is a city in Indias Maharashtra state. ... , Solapur (Marathi: ))(Kannada: )), is a city and a municipal corporation in south eastern Maharashtra, India near the Karnataka border and is the administrative headquarters of Solapur District. ... , For the Anglo-Saxon royal retainer, see Thegn. ... The Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority looks after the infrastructure and planning aspects of the Mumbai (India) conurbation. ... , Bombay redirects here. ... , Navi Mumbai (Marathi: à¤¨à¤µà¥€ à¤®à¥à¤‚à¤¬à¤ˆ, IAST: ) (erstwhile: New Bombay) is a twin of Mumbai city, India. ... , For the Anglo-Saxon royal retainer, see Thegn. ... As per the 2001 census there are 36 cities or urban agglomerations in India with a population of 1 million or more. ... For other uses, see Agra (disambiguation). ... , Ahmedabad (Gujarati: , Hindi: à¤…à¤¹à¤®à¤¦à¤¾à¤¬à¤¾à¤¦ ) is the largest city in the state of Gujarat and the seventh-largest urban agglomeration in India, with a population of almost 51 lakhs (5. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... , Asansol (Bengali: ), a coal-mining-industrial centre, is the second largest city [1] in West Bengal, after Kolkata. ... , For other uses, see Aurangabad. ... , For other uses, see Bangalore (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Bhopal (disambiguation). ... Madras redirects here. ... , Coimbatore (Tamil: ), also known as Kovai (Tamil: ), is a major industrial city in India and the second largest city in the state of Tamil Nadu. ... , For other uses, see Delhi (disambiguation). ... , Faridabad is a city and a municipal corporation in Faridabad district in the state of Haryana, India. ... , Ghaziabad (Hindi: à¤—à¤¾à¤œà¤¼à¤¿à¤¯à¤¾à¤¬à¤¾à¤¦, Urdu: ØºØ§Ø²ÛŒ Ø¢Ø¨Ø§Ø¯) is an industrial city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... This article is about a city in India. ... , For other uses, see Hyderabad. ... , Indore (Hindi:à¤‡à¤¨à¥à¤¦à¥Œà¤° ,Marathi:à¤‡à¤‚à¤¦à¥‚à¤°) , a large city in the Malwa region of Central India is the commercial capital of the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. ... , Jabalpur (Hindi: à¤œà¤¬à¤²à¤ªà¥à¤°) is a city in the state of Madhya Pradesh in India. ... , Jaipur (Hindi: à¤œà¤¯à¤ªà¥à¤°, Rajasthan Capital), also popularly known as the Pink City, historically sometimes rendered as Jeypore, is the capital of Rajasthan state, India. ... , Jamsehdpur (à¤œà¤®à¤¶à¥‡à¤¦à¤ªà¥‚à¤° in Devanagari) is a city located in the state of Jharkand in India, founded by the late Jamshedji Nusserwanji Tata. ... , Kanpur (Hindi: à¤•à¤¾à¤¨à¤ªà¥à¤°, Urdu: Ú©Ø§Ù† Ù¾ÙˆØ±, spelled as Cawnpore before 1948) is one of the most populous cities in the north India and the most populous within the state of Uttar Pradesh. ... The urban agglomeration (UA) of Kochi (pronunciation?Â·i; Malayalam: à´•àµŠà´šàµà´šà´¿ [Kocci]); formerly known as Cochin) is the largest UA in the Indian state of Kerala. ... , â€œCalcuttaâ€ redirects here. ... , Lucknow ( , Hindi: à¤²à¤–à¤¨à¤Š, Urdu: Ù„Ú©Ú¾Ù†Ø¤, ) is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state of India. ... For the district of the same name, see Ludhiana District. ... , Madurai (Tamil: , IPA: ) is a city and a municipal corporation with a city population of 922,913 according to 2001 census. ... , Meerut (Hindi: à¤®à¥‡à¤°à¤ , Urdu: Ù…ÛŒØ±Ù¹Ú¾) IPA: is a city and a municipal corporation in Meerut district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... , For other uses, see Mysore (disambiguation). ... , Bombay redirects here. ... , NÄgpur (Marathi: à¤¨à¤¾à¤—à¤ªà¥à¤°) Third largest city in the western Indian state of Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune with a population of 2. ... , Nashik (Marathi: ) ( ) or Nasik (Marathi: ) is a city in Indias Maharashtra state. ... , Navi Mumbai (Marathi: à¤¨à¤µà¥€ à¤®à¥à¤‚à¤¬à¤ˆ, IAST: ) (erstwhile: New Bombay) is a twin of Mumbai city, India. ... For other uses, see Patna (disambiguation). ... , Rajkot (2005 pop. ... Get the information of Kakinada at http://www. ... For other uses, see Surat (disambiguation). ... , For the Anglo-Saxon royal retainer, see Thegn. ... , Vadodara (Gujarati: àªµàª¡à«‹àª¦àª°àª¾,Marathi:à¤¬à¤¡à¥‹à¤¦à¤¾) ), also known as Baroda, is the third most-populated town in the Indian state of Gujarat after Ahmedabad and Surat. ... , Varanasi (Sanskrit: à¤µà¤¾à¤°à¤¾à¤£à¤¸à¥€ VÄrÄá¹‡asÄ«, IPA: ), also known as Benares (Hindi: , Urdu: , IPA: ), or Kashi (Hindi: ), is a famous Hindu holy city situated on the banks of the river Ganges (Ganga) in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... , Vijayawada ( ) (à°µà°¿à°œà°¯à°µà°¾à°¡) literally translates to The Place of Victory. It is also known as Bezawada. ... , Visakhapatnam (telugu - à°µà°¿à°¶à°¾à°–à°ªà°Ÿà±à°¨à°‚) (also ViÅ›Äkhapattanamu, shortened and anglicized: Vizag or Vizagapatnam) is a port city in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. ... , For the district of the same name, see Warangal district. ...

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