{{{state_name}}}
Location of {{{state_name}}}
Capital	Chandigarh 30.73° N 76.78° E
Largest city	Ludhiana
Abbreviation	IN-PB
Official languages	Punjabi
Legislature  • Strength  • Governor  • Chief Minister	Unicameral 117 S.F. Rodrigues ([[Governors of {{{state_name}}}|list]]) Amarinder Singh ([[Chief Ministers of {{{state_name}}}|list]])
Formation	1956-11-01
Area	50,362 km² (19th)
Population (2001)	24,289,296 (15th)
Density	482/km²
Districts	17
Time zone	IST (UTC +5:30)
Image:Punjabseal.png Seal of {{{state_name}}}

This article details the Indian state of Punjab. For other meanings see Punjab (disambiguation)

Punjab (Punjabi: ਪੰਜਾਬ, Hindi: पंजाब) is a state in northwest India, part of the larger Punjab region, which includes Punjab, Pakistan. Neighbouring regions are the Punjab region of Pakistan to the west, Jammu and Kashmir to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the northeast, Haryana to the south and southeast, the Union Territory of Chandigarh to the southwest and Rajasthan to the southwest. The total area of the state is 50,362 square kilometres (19,445 square miles). The population is 24,289,296 (2000). Punjab's capital is Chandigarh which lies outside the state limits. Other major cities include Amritsar, Ludhiana, Jalandhar and Patiala. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... This is a list of Indian state and union territory capitals. ... Chandigarh is a city in India that serves as the capital of two states: Punjab and Haryana. ... Although India occupies only 2. ... Ludhiana in India is the largest city of Punjab situated on banks of the Sutlej River. ... India is subdivided into twenty-eight states, six union territories and the National Capital Territory. ... ISO 3166-2 for India (ISO 3166-1 : IN) The purpose of this family of standards is to establish a worldwide series of short abbreviations for places, for use on package labels, containers and such. ... An official language is a language that is given a unique legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... Punjabi (also Panjabi, PaṁjābÄ«, ਪੰਜਾਬੀ in GurmukhÄ«, پنجابی in Shahmukhi) is the language of the Punjab regions of India and Pakistan. ... Chamber of the Estates-General, the Dutch legislature. ... List of current Governors and Lieutenant Governors of Indian States and Union Territories. ... A Chief Minister in India is the elected Head of Government of a state in India. ... Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or parliamentary chamber. ... Capt. ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... Indian States See also: States and territories of India Categories: States and territories of India ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 10,000 km² and 100,000 km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... Indian States See also: States and territories of India Categories: States and territories of India ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... Indian States See also: States and territories of India Source Census of India Categories: States and territories of India ... Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... The divisions of a district. ... Time zones are areas of the Earth that have adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... Indian Standard Time (IST) is the time zone for India. ... Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time or Z, is an atomic realization of Universal Time (UT) or Greenwich Mean Time, the astronomical basis for civil time. ... Punjab may refer to: Punjab region, an area of the Indian Subcontinent shared by India and Pakistan. ... Punjabi (also Panjabi, PaṁjābÄ«, ਪੰਜਾਬੀ in GurmukhÄ«, پنجابی in Shahmukhi) is the language of the Punjab regions of India and Pakistan. ... Hindi (हिन्दी) is a language spoken mainly in North and Central India. ... India is subdivided into twenty-eight states, six union territories and the National Capital Territory. ... Punjab, 1903 Punjab Province, 1909 The Punjab (meaning: Land of five Rivers; also Panjab, Gurmukhi: ਪੰਜਾਬ, Shahmukhi: پنجاب) is a region straddling the border between India and Pakistan. ... This article details the eastern Pakistani province of Punjab. ... Jammu and Kashmir is the northern-most state of the Republic of India, with Srinagar as its summer capital and Jammu as its winter capital. ... Himachal Pradesh, formally the Punjab Hill States, is a state in northwest India. ... Haryana (हरयाणा) is a state in north India. ... ... Chandigarh is a city in India that serves as the capital of two states: Punjab and Haryana. ... Rajasthan (राजस्थान) is the geographically largest state in northwestern India. ... Chandigarh is a city in India that serves as the capital of two states: Punjab and Haryana. ... Amritsar (Punjabi: ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ, Hindi: अमृतसर), meaning Pool of the Nectar of Immortality, is a city in Punjab, India. ... Ludhiana in India is the largest city of Punjab situated on banks of the Sutlej River. ... small alley in Jalandhar, close to the fish-market rikshaws with bananas in Jalandhar, close to the fish-market Jalandhar is a city in the state of Punjab, India. ... Patiala is a city in the Punjab state of India. ...

The word "Punjab" is a combination of the words 'Punj', meaning five and 'Aab', meaning water. Punjab is a region of five rivers: the Jhelum; the Chenab; the Ravi; the Beas and the Sutlej. In 1947, the region was partitioned between newly-independent India and Pakistan along religious lines, with the mostly Muslim western portion of the region going to Pakistan and the mostly Sikh and Hindu eastern portion to India. Punjab is a predominantly agricultural state, with land fertility unparalleled in the world. The largest grown crop is wheat. Other important crops are rice, cotton, sugarcane, millet, maize, barley and fruit. Textiles and flour milling are the major industries. Road, rail and river transport links are extensive throughout the region. The Jhelum River is the largest and most western of the five rivers of the Punjab province of Pakistan, and passes through Jhelum City. ... The Chenab River (also known as Chandrabagha river) is formed by the confluence of the Chandra and the Bagha rivers in Lahul-Spiti areas of the Himalayan ranges of Kashmir. ... The Ravi originates near the Rotang pass in the Kangra Himalayas and follows a north-westerly course. ... The Beas River runs through the Northwestern Indian provinces of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab. ... The Sutlej is a river that flows through Northern India, with its source in Tibet. ... 1947 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم) is an adherent of Islam. ... A Sikh man wearing a turban A Sikh is a follower of Sikhism, a religious faith originating in the Punjab. ... A Hindu is an adherent of Hinduism, the predominant religious, philosophical and cultural systems of Bharat (India) and Nepal. ... Binomial name Oryza sativa L. Rice (Oryza sativa) is a species of grass in the genus Oryza, native to tropical and subtropical southeastern Asia, where it grows in wetlands. ... Binomial name Zea mays L. Maize (Zea mays ssp. ...

Culture

Punjab is one of the five states in India that does not have a Hindu majority. Sikhism is the main religion of Indian Punjab, and is the persuasion of about 65% of the population. Amritsar is the site of the Golden Temple, the main place of pilgrimage for the Sikhs. Amritsar is also a place of religious significance for Jains. The Golden Temple is a sacred shrine for Sikhs Sikhism (Punjabi: ਸਿੱਖੀ) is a religion based on the teachings of ten Gurus who lived primarily in 16th and 17th century India. ... Amritsar (Punjabi: ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ, Hindi: अमृतसर), meaning Pool of the Nectar of Immortality, is a city in Punjab, India. ... The Golden Temple The Golden Temple is also known as Harmandir Sahib or Hari Mandir by the Sikhs. ... Pre-Kushana Ayagapatta from Mathura Jainism (pronounced in English as //), traditionally known as Jain Dharma (जैन धर्म) , is a classical religion with its origins in the prehistory of India. ...

The language of the people of Punjab, on both sides of the international border, is Punjabi; however, the alphabet used is different (Gurmukhi on the Indian side and Shahmukhi on Pakistani side). Punjabi (also Panjabi, Paṁjābī, ਪੰਜਾਬੀ in Gurmukhī, پنجابی in Shahmukhi) is the language of the Punjab regions of India and Pakistan. ... The Gurmukhi (ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ or ਗੁਰਮੁੱਖੀ) script, derived from the Later Sharada script and standardised by Guru Angad Dev in the 16th century, was designed to write the Punjabi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) language. ... Shahmukhi (شاہ مکھی) is a script used to record the Punjabi language. ...

History since Partition

The Indian state of Punjab was created in 1947, when the Partition of India split the former Raj province of Punjab between India and Pakistan. The mostly Muslim western part of the province became Pakistan's Punjab Province; the mostly Sikh and Hindu eastern part became India's Punjab state. Many Hindus and Sikhs lived in the west, and many Muslims lived in the east, and so the partition saw many people displaced and much intercommunal violence. Several small Punjabi princely states, including Patiala, also became part of India. In 1950, two Punjab states were created; Punjab included of the former Raj province of Punjab, while the princely states were combined into a new state, the Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU). Himachal Pradesh was created as a union territory from several princely states and Kangra District. In 1956, PEPSU was merged into Punjab state, and several northern districts of Punjab in the Himalaya were added to Himachal Pradesh. The partition of India was the process by which British dependencies and treaty states in the Indian subcontinent were granted independence in the 1940s. ... The British Raj is an informal term for the British colonial administration of most of the Indian subcontinent, or present-day India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, also included from 1886 was Burma. ... Punjab, 1903 Punjab Province, 1909 The Punjab (meaning: Land of five Rivers; also Panjab, Gurmukhi: ਪੰਜਾਬ, Shahmukhi: پنجاب) is a region straddling the border between India and Pakistan. ... A princely state or native state was a feudal monarchy in British India ruled by a hereditary ruler, who was nominally sovereign. ... Patiala is a city in the Punjab state of India. ... The Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU) was a former state of India. ... ... Kangra Kangra is the most populous district of the state of Himachal Pradesh, India. ... The Himalaya is a mountain range in Asia, separating the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. ... Himachal Pradesh, formally the Punjab Hill States, is a state in northwest India. ...

The capital of undivided Punjab province, Lahore, ended up in Pakistan after partition, so a new capital for Indian Punjab state was built at Chandigarh. On November 1, 1966, the mostly Hindu southeastern half of Punjab became a separate state, Haryana. Chandigarh was on the border between the two states, and became a separate union territory which serves as the capital of both Punjab and Haryana. Chandigarh was due to transfer to Punjab alone in 1986, but the transfer has been delayed. The Shalimar Gardens in Lahore Lahore (لاەور) is a major city in Pakistan and is the capital of the province of Punjab. ... Chandigarh is a city in India that serves as the capital of two states: Punjab and Haryana. ... Haryana (हरयाणा) is a state in north India. ... Chandigarh is a city in India that serves as the capital of two states: Punjab and Haryana. ... ... Haryana (हरयाणा) is a state in north India. ... Chandigarh is a city in India that serves as the capital of two states: Punjab and Haryana. ...

During the 1970s, the Green Revolution brought increased economic prosperity for the Sikh community in Punjab. This propensity rekindled an age-old fear in the Sikh community - that of being absorbed into the Hindu fold and led to the rise of Sikh extremists. The insurgency intensified during 1980s when the movement turned violent and the name Khalistan resurfaced and sought independence from the Indian Union. Soon things turned bloody with the movement turning into terrorism, with India alleging that neighbouring Pakistan supported these rebels. The insurrection was stopped in 1984 by a massive military operation that ended in a intense clashes with approximately 500 killed. By the mid-1990s, Punjab once again became peaceful and the economic boom of the nation quelled any lingering separatist ideas. The 1970s in its most obvious sense refers to the decade between 1970 and 1979. ... asaS // History The revolution began in 1944 when the Rockefeller Foundation and the Mexican government established the Cooperative Wheat Research and Production Program to improve the agricultural output of the countrys farms. ... A Sikh man wearing a turban A Sikh is a follower of Sikhism, a religious faith originating in the Punjab. ... // Events and trends The 1980s marked an abrupt shift towards more conservative lifestyles after the momentous cultural revolutions which took place in the 1960s and 1970s and the definition of the AIDS virus in 1981. ... Flag of Khalistan in exile Khalistan (Punjabi: ਖਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ) was the name given to a proposed nation-state encompassing much of the area of Punjabi-speaking India. ... This page is about the year 1984. ... // Events and trends The 1990s are generally classified as having moved slightly away from the more conservative 1980s, but otherwise retaining the same mindset. ...

This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

Districts

Punjab state is divided into 17 administrative districts: Amritsar, Bathinda, Firozpur, Faridkot, Fatehgarh Sahib, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Kapurthala, Ludhiana, Mansa, Moga, Muktsar, Nawan Shahr, Patiala, Rupnagar, and Sangrur. Amritsar district is one of 17 districts in the state of Punjab in North West India. ... Bathinda is a city in Punjab state of northwestern India. ... Firozpur (or Ferozepur, Ferozepore) is city and district in Punjab, India. ... Faridkot (1981 pop. ... Gurdaspur is a city in the state of Punjab, situated in the northwest part of India. ... Hoshiarpur is a town in Hoshiarpur district, Punjab province, India. ... small alley in Jalandhar, close to the fish-market rikshaws with bananas in Jalandhar, close to the fish-market Jalandhar is a city in the state of Punjab, India. ... Sainik School, Kapurthala Kapurthala is a city in Punjab state of India. ... Ludhiana in India is the largest city of Punjab situated on banks of the Sutlej River. ... Mansa is a town in Punjab state of northwestern India. ... Silver tetradrachm of Maues. ... Patiala is a city in the Punjab state of India. ... Sangrur is one of the districts of Punjab. ...

Agriculture

The historical Punjab, is considered one of the most fertile regions on Earth. The region is ideal for wheat-growing. Rice, sugar cane, fruits and vegetables are also grown. Indian Punjab produces some 40% of India's rice and 60% of India's wheat, and is called the "Granary of India". Indian Punjab produces 1% of the world's rice, 2% of its wheat and 2% of its cotton. Species T. boeoticum T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta References:   ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 Wheat (Triticum spp. ... Binomial name Oryza sativa L. Rice (Oryza sativa) is a species of grass in the genus Oryza, native to tropical and subtropical southeastern Asia, where it grows in wetlands. ... Species Ref: ITIS 42058 as of 2004-05-05 Sugarcane is one of six species of a tall tropical southeast Asian grass (Family Poaceae) having stout fibrous jointed stalks whose sap at one time was the primary source of sugar. ... Popular Japanese fashion magazine throughout the 1990s; the photography of which has recently been reissued in two collections from Phaidon press. ... Vegetables on a market Vegetable is a nutritional and culinary term denoting any part of a plant that is commonly consumed by humans as food, but is not regarded as a culinary fruit, nut, herb, spice, or grain. ...

Indian Punjab is considered to have the best infrastructure in India. The Punjabi people are statistically on average the wealthiest in India.

All data for the agricultural output for the Indian State of Punjab is acquired from the Official Government of India Website for the Indian state of Punjab.

• http://punjabgovt.nic.in/PUNJABATAGLANCE/LeadingbyExample.htm
• http://punjabgovt.nic.in/PUNJABATAGLANCE/GLANCE1.HTM

Politics

List of political parties in the state

External links

• Out of various departments of Punjab government the Human Rights dept URL is: http://www.pshrc.net
• http://punjabgovt.nic.in/
• http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/punjab/
• http://www.ajitjalandhar.com/
• Punjab State Culture Information
• http://www.whereincity.com/india/punjab