Sheikh (Arabic: شيخ ), meaning elder of a tribe, lord, revered old man, or Islamic scholar. From the beginning of Muslim rule in South Asia in 713 AD, the Arab technocrats, bureaucrats, soldiers, traders, scientists, architects, teachers, theologians and sufis flocked from the rest of the Muslim world to Islamic Sultanate in South Asia and settled permanently. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A Mujtahid is an Islamic scholar, competent independently to interpret divine law in practical situations using Ijtihad, or independent thought. ... Madhhab or Mazhab (Arabic مذهب pl. ... Minhaj is the Arabic word for methodology. ... In Sunni Islamic jurisprudence, Qiyas is the process of analogical reasoning from a known injunction (nass) to a new injunction. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Ijmāʿ (إجماع) is an Arabic tern referring to the consensus of the ummah, the community of Muslims, those practicing Islam, or of the ulema, those learned in the relevant topic. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Ulugh Beg Madrasa, Samarkand, ca. ... An ijazah is a certificate used primarily by Muslims to indicate that one has been authorized by a higher authority to transmit a certain subject or text of Islamic knowledge. ... Istihlal (Arabic: ) is a term used in Islamic jurisprudence, or fiqh, to refer to the act of regarding some action as permissible, or halaal; the implication is that such a regard is an erroneous and improper distortion of Islamic law. ... Istihsan is an Arabic term for juristic preference and is one of the methods of reasoning for understanding the sources of shariah and itjihad. ... For other uses, see Risala (disambiguation). ... In Islamic context, the Ahkam (أحكام) are rulings and orders of the Quran and Sunnah. ... Halaal (حلال, halāl, halal) is an Islamic Arabic term meaning permissible. In English it is most frequently used to refer to food that is permissible according to Islamic law. ... Fard also farida (arabic فرض obligation, duty) is an Islamic term which denotes a religious duty. ... Fard also farida (فرض obligation, duty) is an Islamic Arabic term which denotes a religious duty. ... Mustahab, recomended, is a Islamic term denoting a actions between Mubah (neutral) and Wajib (actions which must be performed). ... Mubah is an Islamic Arabic term denoting an action as neither forbidden nor commended; neutral. ... Acts and substances which should be evaded by muslims. ... harām (Arabic: حرام Ḥarām, Turkish: Haram, Malay: Haram) is an Arabic word, used in Islam to refer to anything that is prohibited by the faith. ... Batil is an Arabic word meaning falsehood, and can be used to describe a nullified or invalid act or contract according to the sharia. ... A term in Islam. ... Marja (Arabic/Persian: مرجع), also appearing as Marja Taqlid or Marja Dini (Arabic/Persian: مرجع تقليد / مرجع ديني), literally means Source of Emulation or Religious Reference. It is the label provided to Shia authority, a Grand Ayatollah with the authority to make legal decisions within the confines of Islamic law for followers and less-credentialed... Ulema (, translit: , singular: , translit: , scholar) (Islamic clergy) refers to the educated class of Muslim scholars engaged in the several fields of Islamic studies. ... Omdurman, Sudan. ... A Mufti (Arabic: مفتى ) is an Islamic scholar who is an interpreter or expounder of Islamic law (Sharia), capable of issuing fataawa (plural of fatwa). // Role of a Mufti in governments In theocracies like Saudi Arabia and Iran, and in some countries where the constitution is based on sharia law, such... Qadi (قاضى) is an Arabic term meaning judge. ... A Faqih is an expert in fiqh, or, Islamic jurisprudence. ... Muhaddith is an Islamic title, referring to one who profoundly knows and narrates hadiths, the chains of their narration (saneed), and the original and famous narrators. ... Mullahs in the court of a Qajar monarch, Iran. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Maulvi (also spelled: Moulvi, Mawlawi and Mawlvi Persian: مولوی) is an honorific Islamic religious title often, but not exclusively, given to Sunni Muslim religious scholars or Ulema preceding their names, similar to the titles Maulana, Mullah or Shaykh. ... For other uses, see Sheikh (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with murshid, Pir (Sufism) and Peer-E-Tariqat (Discuss) A Shaykh of Sufism is a Sufi who is authorized to teach, initiate and guide aspiring dervishes. ... Ayatollah redirects here. ... A Mujaddid (Arabic: مجدد), in Islamic tradition, refers to a person who, Muslims believe, is sent by God in the first half of every century of the Islamic calendar. ... Maulana is a title of respect, technically reserved for Muslim scholars or Ulema (plural of Aalim) who are knowledgable about Islam and have studied under a scholar or at a religious institution, e. ... Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ... Ulema (, translit: , singular: , translit: , scholar) (Islamic clergy) refers to the educated class of Muslim scholars engaged in the several fields of Islamic studies. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Events Byzantine Emperor Philippicus deposed. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ...

In South Asia, after the advent of Islam, some high caste Hindus (Brahman or Khatri) converted to Islam in the Punjab region and adopted this title. They are known as Punjabi Shaikh (Urdu: پنجابی شيخ ). Few of the Punjabi Shaikhs families were converted from Khatri tribe. But most Sikhs were formed from the peasantry. The prominent Buddhists clans also adopted this title after being forced to convert to Islam. Kashmiri Shaikhs residing in the Punjab were also forcibly converted from Brahman caste. Punjabi Shaikhs are mostly urban and non agriculturist. Their main professions are business and public service. In Punjab, they stereotypically have a reputation for business acumen. This article is about the geopolitical region in Asia. ... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ... Brahman (Devanagari: ब्रह्म) is the concept of the Godhead found in Hinduism. ... {{Infobox caste |caste_name=Khatris |classification=Kshatriya |subdivisions=Aathghar, Barahghar,Bawanghar, Charghar, Dhaighar, Kukhran, Sareen and others |populated_states=Punjab (India), Haryana, Delhi, Punjab (Pakistan) and Sindh |languages=Punjabi, Hindi and Urdu |religions=Hinduism, Sikhism Khatri is the Punjabi adaptation of Sanskrit word Kshatriya (Hindi: , ). The Kshatriya are the traditionally members of... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ... Punjab, 1903 Punjab Province, 1909 Punjab (Persian: ‎, meaning Land of the five Rivers) (c. ... The phrase Zaban-e Urdu-e Mualla written in Urdu Urdu () is an Indo-European language of the Indo-Aryan family that developed under Persian, Turkish, Arabic, Hindi, and Sanskrit influence in South Asia during the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire (1200-1800). ... The Punjabi people (Punjabi: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ, پنجابی, also Panjabi people) are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group from South Asia. ... Shaikh (Arabic: شيخ ),(also rendered as Sheik, Shaykh or Sheikh) is a word in the Arabic language meaning elder of tribe, lord or a revered old man. ... {{Infobox caste |caste_name=Khatris |classification=Kshatriya |subdivisions=Aathghar, Barahghar,Bawanghar, Charghar, Dhaighar, Kukhran, Sareen and others |populated_states=Punjab (India), Haryana, Delhi, Punjab (Pakistan) and Sindh |languages=Punjabi, Hindi and Urdu |religions=Hinduism, Sikhism Khatri is the Punjabi adaptation of Sanskrit word Kshatriya (Hindi: , ). The Kshatriya are the traditionally members of... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ... Punjab, 1903 Punjab Province, 1909 Punjab (Persian: ‎, meaning Land of the five Rivers) (c. ...

Before the independence of Pakistan in 1947, Khatris were living in all the districts of Punjab. Most of them were concentrated in the western districts. The people of the Punjab started being forcibly converting to Islam in 11th century. In the western districts conversion was almost universal. People from all classes; Rajputs, Jats, Gujjars, Arains, Gakhars, etc; embraced Islam. In districts east of Sutlej River (now in Punjab) conversion was limited. Large numbers of Khatris remained Hindu. In 1947 almost all Punjabi Shaikhs moved to Pakistan. 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... {{Infobox caste |caste_name=Khatris |classification=Kshatriya |subdivisions=Aathghar, Barahghar,Bawanghar, Charghar, Dhaighar, Kukhran, Sareen and others |populated_states=Punjab (India), Haryana, Delhi, Punjab (Pakistan) and Sindh |languages=Punjabi, Hindi and Urdu |religions=Hinduism, Sikhism Khatri is the Punjabi adaptation of Sanskrit word Kshatriya (Hindi: , ). The Kshatriya are the traditionally members of... Punjab, 1903 Punjab Province, 1909 Punjab (Persian: ‎, meaning Land of the five Rivers) (c. ... Rajputs (Urdu: راجپوت) were the rulings clans of India during the classical period, i. ... The Jat people (IAST: , Hindi: , Punjabi: , Urdu: ‎) of Northern India and Pakistan, are descendants of Indo-Aryan/Indo-Scythian tribes. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The Arain (Urdu: آرائین) are an agricultural[1] caste[2] settled mainly in the Punjab[3][4] (Pakistan and India), with significant numbers also in the Sindh[5] (Pakistan). ... The location of Hazara relative to surrounding areas Gakhar (also Gakkhar) or Ghakkar (Urdu: گاکھر ) are an ancient Aryan clan of India and Pakistan. ... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ... The Sutlej is a river that flows through Northern India, with its source in Tibet. ... , This article is about the Indian state of Punjab. ...

Khawaja Shaikh

Khatris after being forced to accept Islam adopted Khawaja Shaikh (Arabic: خواجہ شيخ ) as title and it is generally assumed to belong to Muslim trading families. Although large number of them were employed in government services. Khawaja Shaikh (Arabic: خواجہ شيخ ) are a community of traders in Punjab, Pakistan. ... Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ...

When Khatri traders from the western districts of the Punjab; Sargodha, Jhang, Jehlum, Chakwal, Faisalabad; accepted Islam called themselves Khawaja and adopted Shaikh as title. They are also called Khawaja Shaikh. Some of them adopted Mian as title. In recent years traders from a small town of Chiniot of district Jhang became prominent due to their contribution in the industries of Pakistan. These traders are known as Chiniotis or Chinioti Shaikhs. Sargodha District is in the Punjab province of Pakistan. ... Jhang is a city in Pakistan, on the Chenab river. ... The Jhelum district (Urdu: جہلم) is situated in Punjab province of Pakistan. ... Bold textThe district of Chakwal (Urdu: چکوال) in Punjab, Pakistan was created as an independent district of the Rawalpindi Division in 1985 with 3 tehsils [1] by combining the subdivision Chakwal of Jhelum District, the sub-division Talagang of Attock District and police station Choa Saidan Shah, carved out of subdivision... Faisalabad District is one of the districts of Punjab, Punjab, , Pakistan. ... This article is about Pakistan nobility. ... Chiniot (Urdu: چنیوٹ) is located in Punjab, Pakistan. ... Chiniotis are one of the leading industrialists of Pakistan. ...

Famous trading family Sahgals, Sahgal Khatris of Chakwal, are known as Punjabi Shaikh instead of Khawaja Shaikh. They use Mian as title. Sehgal (sometimes written as Sahgal or Saigal) is one of the family names of the Indian subcontinent, from the the Khatri community. ... Bold textThe district of Chakwal (Urdu: چکوال) in Punjab, Pakistan was created as an independent district of the Rawalpindi Division in 1985 with 3 tehsils [1] by combining the subdivision Chakwal of Jhelum District, the sub-division Talagang of Attock District and police station Choa Saidan Shah, carved out of subdivision... This article is about Pakistan nobility. ...

Qanungoh Shaikh

Qanungoh Shaikhs (Persian: قانونگوہ شيخ ) are Muslim Khatris. They belonged to all the districts of the Punjab. They are descendant of Khatri families who were holding hereditary office of ‘’Qanungoh’’ (‘’Law givers’’) during the Muslim Period. Qanungoh Shaikhs (Persian: قانون گوہ شيخ ) is a clan of Muslim Shaikhs in Punjab, Pakistan. ... Persian (Local names: فارسی Fârsi or پارسی Pârsi)* is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan as well as by minorities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, India, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... Punjab, 1903 Punjab Province, 1909 Punjab (Persian: ‎, meaning Land of the five Rivers) (c. ...

This designation was used in the Punjab and other provinces of India and Pakistan for hereditary registrar of landed property in a subdivision of a district. In Mughal times most of these offices were held by Khatris. When these families converted to Islam, they called themselves Qanungo Shaikh.

Delhi Punjabi Sodagran

Delhi Punjabi Sodagran are descendant of Muslim Khatri traders who settled in the old city of Delhi. The date of settlement in Delhi is not certain. They use Shaikh as title. After independence of Pakistan in 1947, a large number of these traders migrated to Karachi. Some still live in Delhi Death no leveller in Capital cemetery. 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ...

Other Shaikhs

Kashmiri Shaikhs is another community living in different districts of the Punjab. They emigrated from Kashmir during 19th & 20th century. Allama Shaikh Muhammad Iqbal belonged to this group. His grandfather Shaikh Rafiq migrated to Sialkot in early 19th century. Kashmiri Shaikhs are descendants of kashmiri Brahmans and have nothing in common with punjabi or any other shaikhs of the rest of the world. Sir Muhammad Iqbāl (Urdu/Persian: ‎ ) (November 9, 1877 – April 21, 1938) was an Indian Muslim poet, philosopher and politician, whose poetry in Persian and Urdu is regarded as among the greatest in modern times. ...

Kakkezai traders, who claim descent from Afghan of Sistan are residing in almost all the districts of the Punjab. They also use Shaikh as title. Ghulam Muhammad, the 3rd Governor General of Pakistan belonged to this community. Categories: Iran geography stubs | Provinces of Iran ... Ghulam Muhammad Malik Ghulam Muhammad (1895 - 1956) served as Governor-General of Pakistan from 1951 until 1955, shortly before his death. ... The Governor-General of Pakistan was the resident representative of the King of Pakistan in Pakistan from 1947 to 1956. ...

Punjabi Shaikh joined government services during 19th century, provided high education to their children. They are now most successful community of the Punjab and represented heavily in the public service, in professions like doctors, lawyers, and engineers.

Distinguished Punjabi Shaikhs

• Wasim Sajjad, Chairman of Senate and 2 time Acting President of Pakistan. A Qanungo Shaikh from Jalandhar.
• Najam Sethi, Chief Editor of Weekly "The Friday Times".
• Mian Rafiq Saigol, Ex Chairman of Pakistan International Airline.
• Mian Mohammad Mansha; Chairman of Nishat Group, largest industrial & financial conglomerate of Pakistan.
• Aftab Ahmed Vohra, Chief Executive of Vohra Group of Industries
• Amin Saigol, founder of House of Saigols.
• Shaikh Maula Baksh, founder of Ismael Maula Baksh Industrial Group.
• Sir Muhammad Iqbal, National Poet of Pakistan, Poet of East. A Kashmeri Sheikh from Sialkot.

Wasim Sajjad (b. ... Najam Sethi is a well-known Pakistani journalist, editor, and newsmedia personality. ... Mian Mohammad Mansha is the head of the Mansha family and the chairman of Nishat Group. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Allama Dr. Sir Muhammad Iqbal Allama Dr. Sir Muhammad Iqbal (November 9, 1877-April 21, 1938) was an important Indian Muslim poet from the colonial era, a philosopher and thinker of Kashmiri origin. ...

References

1. D. Ibbetson, E.MacLagan, H.A. Rose, " A Glossary of The Tribes & Casts of The Punjab & North West Frontier Province", 1911, pp 502 Vol II
2. Wendy Doniger, tr. "The Law of Manu", (Penguin Books, 1991 ) Verses 43-44, Chapter 10.
3. A.L. Basham " The Wonder That Was India", ( Sidgwick & Jackson, 1967)
4. D. Ibbetson, E.MacLagan, H.A. Rose, pp 58, Vol I
5. Abu Fazal, "Ain-i-Akbari", translated by H.Blocmann & H.S. Jarrett, (Calcutta, 1873-94) 3 Vols., a gazetteer of the Mughal Empire compiled in 1590 AD.
6. D. Ibbetson, E.MacLagan, H.A. Rose, pp 513-514 Vol II

External link

• Shaikh Siddiqui

See also

• Khatri
• Shaikh
• Shaikhs in South Asia
• Khawaja Shaikh
• Qanungoh Shaikh
• Punjabi Muslim tribes from Hindu Lineage
• Places in Pakistan with Hindu and Sikh Populations before 1947