Punk rock is an anti-establishment rock music genre and movement that emerged in the mid-1970s. Preceded by a variety of protopunk music of the 1960s and early 1970s, punk rock developed between 1974 and 1977 in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, where groups such as the Ramones, Sex Pistols, and The Clash were recognized as the vanguard of a new musical movement. Rock and roll (also spelled Rock n Roll, especially in its first decade), also called rock, is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles. ... Rockabilly is one of the earliest styles of rock n’ roll music to emerge during the 1950s. ... Garage rock is a raw form of rock and roll that enjoyed its original period of wide success in the United States and Canada, from 1963 to 1967. ... Frat rock is a subgenre of rock and roll / roots rock. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Pub rock was a mid- to late-1970s musical movement, largely centred around North London and South East Essex, particularly Canvey Island and Southend on Sea. ... David Bowie as Glam superstar Ziggy Stardust on the cover of his 1973 Album Aladdin Sane Glam rock (also known as glitter rock), is a style of rock and roll music, which initially surfaced in the post-Hippie early 1970s. ... Protopunk is a term used to describe a number of performers who were important precursors of punk rock, or who have been cited by early punk rockers as influential. ... A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified with the purpose of making music. ... In music a singer or vocalist is a type of musician who sings, i. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The electric bass guitar (or electric bass) is a string instrument played with the fingers by plucking, slapping, or using a pick. ... For other kinds of drums, see drum (disambiguation). ... Pop punk is used for two separate subgenres of punk rock music: the kind typically found on Lookout! Records, which stray very little from the three-chord formula that The Ramones pioneered, as well as a newer subgenre of melodic, more emotional punk, which includes by bands like NOFX and... Ska punk is a fusion music genre that combines ska and punk rock. ... New Wave is a term that has been used to describe many developments in music, but is most commonly associated with a movement in Western popular music, in the late 1970s and early 1980s inspired by the punk rock movement. ... Post punk generally refers to the particularly fertile and creative period following the initial punk rock explosion. During the first wave of punk, roughly spanning 1976-1983, bands such as The Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Ramones and The Damned began to challenge the current styles and conventions of rock... Alternative rock (also called alternative music or simply alternative; known primarily in the UK as indie) is a genre of rock music that emerged in the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s. ... Emo is a genre of rock music. ... The anarchy symbol commonly used by anarcho-punks Anarcho-punk (sometimes known as peace-punk) is a subgenre of the punk rock movement consisting of groups and bands promoting specifically anarchist ideas. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... Gothic rock (sometimes called goth rock or simply, goth) is a genre of rock music that originated during the late 1970s. ... Glam punk is glam rock and punk rock music. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Horror punk is a music genre that was defined by the band The Misfits, blending horror movie lyrical themes and imagery with musical influences from early punk rock, doo-wop, and, to a lesser degree, rockabilly. ... Oi! is a working class street-level subgenre of punk rock that originated in the United Kingdom in the 1970s. ... Riot grrrl (or riot grrl) is an indie-punk feminist movement that reached its height in the 1990s but continues to exert influence over alternative cultures. ... Skate punk (also known as skatepunk, skate-punk, skate-thrash, or skate-core) was originally a derivative of hardcore punk, so named because of its popularity among skateboarders, and the fact that many members of skate punk bands were themselves skaters. ... Christian punk is a form of Christian alternative music and a subgenre of punk rock with some degree of Christian lyrical content. ... Two Punk Front members (1978). ... Anti-folk (or antifolk) is a genre of music related to punk rock and American folk music that originated in the mid-1980s in New York City. ... Seattles Mill a h-Uile Rud play tuneful hardcore punk sung entirely in Scots Gaelic Celtic punk, also known as Paddybeat and Celtcore, is a genre of music typically associated with Irish punks or punks from the Irish diaspora, though other Celtic nationalities, such as Scottish, Manx and Welsh... Chicano Rock Music is rock music performed by Mexican American groups or music with themes derived from Chicano culture. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Deathcountry is a country music genre, best described as traditional country music with a morbid anarchist Punk rock and Psychobilly attitude. ... Deathrock (also spelled death rock) is a term used to identify a subgenre of punk rock or goth, which incorporated elements of horror and first emerged most prominently in the West Coast of the United States during the late 1970s and early 1980s. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Pop punk is used for two separate subgenres of punk rock music: the kind typically found on Lookout! Records, which stray very little from the three-chord formula that The Ramones pioneered, as well as a newer subgenre of melodic, more emotional punk, which includes by bands like NOFX and... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Punkabilly is a mix of punk rock from the 1970s, and rockabilly. ... Punk blues is a Post-punk interpretation of Blues and Swamp rock. ... Ska punk is a fusion music genre that combines ska and punk rock. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... The California punk scene is a regional punk music scene that started in the late 1970’s and still exists today. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The DIY ethic (do it yourself ethic) refers to the ethic of being self-reliance as opposed relying on professional to do it. ... Early punk rock musicians (1970s-1980) // 999 Acme Sewage Company Abrasive Wheels The Adicts The Adverts Alternative TV Amazorblades Angelic Upstarts Anti-Nowhere League Anti-Pasti The Angry Samoans The Au Pairs The Automatics The Avengers Bad Brains Bad Religion The Bags Big Balls and the Great White Idiot Big... Queercore is a cultural and social movement that began in the mid 1980s as an offshoot of punk. ... Punk fashion is the styles of clothing, hairstyles, cosmetics, jewelry, and body modifications of the punk subculture. ... List of Pre-Punk Bands or Proto punk groups (ca. ... Punk ideologies are a group of varied social and political beliefs associated with the punk subculture. ... List of punk movies, i. ... A punk zine (or punkzine) is a fanzine devoted to punk rock music, bands, or the DIY punk philosophy. ... Punks at a music festival The punk subculture is a subculture/counterculture based on punk rock. ... This is a timeline of punk rock, from its beginnings in the early 1960s to the present time. ... This is a list of bands that are considered part of the second wave of punk rock, beginning in the 1980s. ... The following is a list of notable bands that have been labelled as punk at some point. ... Not to be confused with antidisestablishmentarianism. ... For other uses, see Rock music (disambiguation). ... Protopunk is a term used to describe a number of performers who were important precursors of punk rock, or who have been cited by early punk rockers as influential. ... The Ramones were an American rock band often regarded as the first punk rock group. ... The Sex Pistols was an iconic and highly influential English punk rock band, formed in London in 1975. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Punk bands, eschewing the perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock, created short, fast, hard music, with stripped-down instrumentation and often political or nihilistic lyrics. The associated punk subculture expresses youthful rebellion, distinctive clothing styles, a variety of anti-authoritarian ideologies, and a DIY (do it yourself) attitude. Punks at a music festival The punk subculture is a subculture/counterculture based on punk rock. ... Punk fashion is the styles of clothing, hairstyles, cosmetics, jewelry, and body modifications of the punk subculture. ... Punk ideologies are a group of varied social and political beliefs associated with the punk subculture. ... The DIY ethic (do it yourself ethic) refers to the ethic of being self-reliance as opposed relying on professional to do it. ...

Punk rock became a major phenomenon in the United Kingdom during the late 1970s; its popularity elsewhere was more limited. During the 1980s, forms of punk rock emerged in small scenes around the world, often rejecting commercial success and association with mainstream culture. By the turn of the century, punk rock's legacy had led to development of the alternative rock movement, and new punk bands popularized the genre decades after its first heyday. Alternative rock (also called alternative music or simply alternative; known primarily in the UK as indie) is a genre of rock music that emerged in the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s. ...

Characteristics

Cover of the Ramones' critically acclaimed debut album

The first wave of punk aimed to be aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast and sentimentality of early 1970s rock.^[1] According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, "In its initial form, a lot of [1960s] stuff was innovative and exciting. Unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere. By 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock 'n' roll".^[2] John Holmstrom, founding editor of Punk fanzine recalls feeling "punk rock had to come along because the rock scene had become so tame that [acts] like Billy Joel and Simon and Garfunkel were being called rock and roll, when to me and other fans, rock and roll meant this wild and rebellious music".^[3] In critic Robert Christgau's description, "It was also a subculture that scornfully rejected the political idealism and Californian flower-power silliness of hippie myth".^[4] Patti Smith, in contrast, suggests in the documentary 25 Years of Punk that the hippies and the punks were linked by a common anti-establishment mentality. In any event, some of punk's leading figures made a show of rejecting not only mainstream rock and the broader culture it was associated with, but their own most celebrated predecessors: "No Elvis, Beatles or Rolling Stones in 1977", declared The Clash.^[5] That year, when punk broke nationwide in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural "Year Zero".^[6] Even as nostalgia was discarded, many in the scene adopted a nihilistic attitude summed up by the Sex Pistols slogan "No Future".^[7] This image is the cover of an album or single. ... This image is the cover of an album or single. ... The Ramones were an American rock band often regarded as the first punk rock group. ... The self-titled debut album by the Ramones was released on April 23, 1976 (see 1976 in music). ... Drummer Tommy Ramone (born Thomas Erdelyi January 29, 1952 in Budapest, Hungary) grew up in Queens, one of the boroughs of New York City. ... Punk cover, issue 3, 1976 Punk was a fanzine created by cartoonist John Holmstrom, publisher Ged Dunn and resident punk Legs McNeil. ... William Martin Billy Joel (born May 9, 1949, in Bronx, New York, USA) is an American singer, pianist, and songwriter. ... Simon and Garfunkel are an American popular music duo comprising Paul Simon and Arthur Art Garfunkel. ... Robert Christgau (2007) Robert Christgau (sometimes abbreviated in print to Xgau), born April 18, 1942, is an American essayist, music journalist, and the self-declared Dean of American Rock Critics[1] His first reviews were published by Esquire in 1967. ... Patricia Lee (Patti) Smith (born December 30, 1946) is an American musician, singer, and poet. ... Elvis Aron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977), often known simply as Elvis and also called The King of Rock n Roll or simply The King, was an American singer, musician and actor. ... The Beatles appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show in 1964 as part of their first tour of the United States, promoting their first hit single there, I Want To Hold Your Hand. ... This article is about the rock band. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Punk bands often emulate the bare musical structures and arrangements of 1960s garage rock.^[8] This emphasis on accessibility exemplifies punk's DIY aesthetic and contrasts with what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands of the early and mid-1970s.^[9] A 1976 issue of the English punk fanzine Sideburns featured an illustration of three chords, captioned "This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. Now form a band".^[10] Garage rock is a raw form of rock and roll that enjoyed its original period of wide success in the United States and Canada, from 1963 to 1967. ... A fanzine (see also: zine) is a nonprofessional publication produced by fans of a particular subject for the pleasure of others who share their interest. ...

UK punks, circa 1986

Typical punk instrumentation includes one or two electric guitars, an electric bass, and a drum kit, along with vocals. In the early days of punk rock, musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion. According to Punk magazine founder John Holmstrom, punk was "rock and roll by people who didn't have very much skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music".^[11] Image File history File links Punks. ... Image File history File links Punks. ... Left: Rosa Hurricane, a heavy metal-style solid body guitar. ... Fender Precision Bass Bass Guitar is a commonly spoken phrase used to refer to the electric bass and horizontal acoustic basses, a stringed instrument similar in design to the electric guitar, but larger in size, commonly fretted and sometimes fretless and with a lower range. ... A drum kit (or drum set or trap set) is a collection of drums, cymbals and sometimes other percussion instruments arranged for convenient playing by a single drummer. ... Punk cover, issue 3, 1976 Punk was a fanzine created by cartoonist John Holmstrom, publisher Ged Dunn and resident punk Legs McNeil. ... John Holmstrom is an artist/cartoonist and writer, as well as the co-founder of Punk Magazine with Legs McNeil at the age of 22 in late 1975. ...

Punk vocals sometimes sound nasal, and are often shouted instead of sung in a conventional sense. Complicated guitar solos are considered self-indulgent and unnecessary, although basic guitar breaks are common.^[12] Guitar parts tend to include highly distorted power chords, although some punk bands have taken a surf rock approach with a lighter, twangier guitar tone. A wild, "gonzo" attack is sometimes employed, a style that stretches from Robert Quine, lead guitarist of seminal punk band The Voidoids, back through The Velvet Underground to the 1950s recordings of Ike Turner.^[13] Bass guitar lines are often basic and used to carry the song's melody, although some punk bass players such as Mike Watt put greater emphasis on more technical bass lines. Bassists often use a plectrum rather than fingerpicking due to the rapid succession of notes, which makes fingerpicking impractical. Drums typically sound heavy and dry, and often have a minimal set-up. Production is minimalistic, with tracks sometimes laid down on home tape recorders. In music, a power chord is an interval which serves the diatonic function of a major or minor chord. ... In the early 1960s, one of the most popular forms of rock and roll was surf rock. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Robert Quine (December 30, 1942 - May 31, 2004), a native of Akron, Ohio, was a guitarist known for his innovative guitar solos. ... The Voidoids, also known as Richard Hell and the Voidoids, were a New York City punk rock band of the late 1970s, fronted by Richard Hell, a former member of Television. ... This article is about the American rock band. ... Ike Turner album cover, 1963 Izear Luster Turner (born November 5 1931) is an African American musician (piano, guitar), bandleader, talent scout and record producer, best known for his work with his former wife Tina Turner. ... Michael David Watt (born December 20, 1957 in Portsmouth, Virginia) is a bass guitarist, singer and songwriter, best-known for co-founding the punk rock bands The Minutemen and fIREHOSE; as of 2003, he is also the bassist for the reunited Iggy Pop & The Stooges. ... Various guitar picks A plectrum (plural plectra or plectrums) is a device for plucking or strumming a stringed instrument. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Fingerstyle guitar. ...

Punk songs are normally between two and two and a half minutes long, though many last for less than a minute. Most early punk songs retained a traditional rock 'n' roll verse-chorus form and 4/4 time signature. However, second wave punk bands—including bands from both the post-punk and hardcore punk subgenres—often sought to break from that format. In hardcore, the drumming is considerably faster, with lyrics often half shouted over aggressive guitars.^[14] In critic Steven Blush's description, "The Sex Pistols were still rock'n'roll...like the craziest version of Chuck Berry. Hardcore was a radical departure from that. It wasn't verse-chorus rock. It dispelled any notion of what songwriting is supposed to be. It's its own form".^[15] Verse-chorus form is a musical form common in popular music and predominant in rock since the 1960s. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Post punk generally refers to the particularly fertile and creative period following the initial punk rock explosion. During the first wave of punk, roughly spanning 1976-1983, bands such as The Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Ramones and The Damned began to challenge the current styles and conventions of rock... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Charles Edward Anderson Chuck Berry (born October 18, 1926 in St. ...

Punk lyrics are typically frank and confrontational, and often comment on social and political issues.^[16] Trend-setting songs such as The Clash's "Career Opportunities" and Chelsea's "Right to Work" deal with unemployment, boredom, and grim realities of urban life. The Sex Pistols songs "God Save the Queen" and "Anarchy in the U.K." openly disparaged the British political system. There is also a strain of anti-romantic depictions of relationships and sex, exemplified by the The Voidoids' "Love Comes in Spurts". According to Search and Destroy founder V. Vale, "Punk was a total cultural revolt. It was a hardcore confrontation with the black side of history and culture, right-wing imagery, sexual taboos, a delving into it that had never been done before by any generation in such a thorough way."^[17] Lyrics are the words in songs. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... See Career Opportunities (film) for the movie of this same title. ... Chelsea was an early punk band, formed in London in 1977. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... God Save the Queen (B-side Did You No Wrong) was the second single by punk band the Sex Pistols. ... Anarchy in the U.K. (B-side I Wanna Be Me) was the first single by the punk band the Sex Pistols. ... Romantic love is a form of sexual love that, ideally, transcends mere needs driven by sexual desire, or material and social gain, though these things play a role both in its arousal and its justification. ... V. Vale is the publisher and primary contributor to books and magazines published by his company, RE/Search Publications. ...

With Patti Smith as the groundbreaker, Siouxsie Sioux, The Slits, Pauline Murray, Nina Hagen, Gaye Advert, Poly Styrene, and other punk vocalists, songwriters, and instrumentalists introduced a new brand of femininity to rock music: "They adopted a tough, unladylike pose that borrowed more from the macho swagger of sixties garage bands than from the calculated bad-girl image of bands like The Runaways. They went beyond the leather outfits to the bondage gear of Sioux and the straight-from-the-gutter androgyny of Smith. They articulated a female rage that surpassed the anger of the women's movement of the sixties".^[18] Susan Janet Ballion (born May 27, 1957 in Bromley, London), better known by her stage name, Siouxsie Sioux (IPA: , pronounced the same way as Susie Sue), is the lead singer of both the influential rock band Siouxsie & the Banshees and of its splinter group The Creatures. ... The Slits are an all female punk rock band. ... Penetration were a punk rock band originally formed in 1976. ... Nina Hagen (born Catharina Hagen on March 11, 1955) is a singer from Berlin, Germany. ... Gaye Advert (born Gaye Balsden on 29 August 1956) is an English punk rock musician who played bass guitar in the band, The Adverts, in the late 1970s. ... Poly Styrene (born Marianne Elliot) is an English musician. ... This article is about the 1970s band. ...

The classic punk look among male musicians harkens back to the T-shirt, motorcycle jacket, and jeans ensemble favored by American greasers of the 1950s associated with the rockabilly scene and by British rockers of the 1960s. In the 1980s, tattoos and piercings became increasingly common among punk musicians and their fans. For other uses of the term, see Greaser This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Rockabilly is one of the earliest styles of rock n’ roll music to emerge during the 1950s. ... The definitive Wild One. ... This article is about the tattoo, a design in ink or some other pigment, usually decorative or symbolic, placed permanently under the skin. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Pre-history

Garage rock and mod

For more details on these topics, see Garage rock and Mod (lifestyle).

In the early and mid-1960s, garage rock bands that would come to be recognized as punk's progenitors began springing up in many different locations around North America. The Kingsmen, a garage band from Portland, Oregon, had a breakout hit with their 1963 cover of "Louie, Louie," cited as "punk rock's defining ur-text."^[19] The minimalist sound of many garage rock bands was influenced by the harder-edged wing of the British Invasion. The Kinks' hit singles of 1964, "You Really Got Me" and "All Day and All of the Night," have been described as "predecessors of the whole three-chord genre—the Ramones' 1978 'I Don't Want You,' for instance, was pure Kinks-by-proxy."^[20] Though it had little impact on the American charts, The Who's mod anthem "My Generation" (1965), influenced by the Kinks,^[21] presaged a more cerebral mix of musical ferocity and rebellious posture that would characterize much early British punk: John Reed describes The Clash's emergence as a "tight ball of energy with both an image and rhetoric reminiscent of a young Pete Townshend—speed obsession, pop-art clothing, art school ambition."^[22] The Who and fellow mods The Small Faces were among the few rock elders acknowledged by the Sex Pistols.^[23] By 1966, mod was already in decline. U.S. garage rock began to lose steam within a couple years, but the aggressive musical approach and outsider attitude of "garage psych" bands like The Seeds were picked up and emphasized by groups that would later be seen as the crucial figures of protopunk. Garage rock is a raw form of rock and roll that enjoyed its original period of wide success in the United States and Canada, from 1963 to 1967. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Kingsmen were a rock band from Portland, Oregon who rose suddenly to fame with their recording of Richard Berrys Louie, Louie. ... Louie, Louie is an American rock n roll song written by Richard Berry in 1955. ... Ur- is a German prefix meaning prot(o)-, first, oldest, original when used with a noun. ... The appearance of The Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show, February 9, 1964, was the breakthrough moment of the burgeoning British Invasion. ... The Kinks were an English rock group formed in 1963 by lead singer-songwriter Ray Davies and his brother, lead guitarist and vocalist, Dave Davies. ... You Really Got Me is a rock song written by Ray Davies and performed by his band, The Kinks. ... All Day and All of the Night was a hit 1964 rock song by the British Invasion band The Kinks. ... It has been suggested that Bob Pridden be merged into this article or section. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about the song. ... Peter Dennis Blandford (Pete) Townshend (born May 19, 1945 in Chiswick, London), is an award winning English rock guitarist, singer, songwriter, and composer. ... Small Faces, left to right: Ian McLagan, Steve Marriott, Kenney Jones, Ronnie Lane For the Scottish film, see Small Faces (film). ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The Seeds were a 1960s rock and roll band whose raw and abrasive energy and simple, repetitive lyrics came to exemplify the garage rock style. ...

Protopunk

For more details on this topic, see Protopunk.

In 1969, debut albums by two Michigan-based bands appeared that are commonly regarded as the central protopunk records. In the spring, Detroit's MC5 released Kick Out the Jams. "Musically the group is intentionally crude and aggressively raw", wrote Rolling Stone critic Lester Bangs, who continued: Protopunk is a term used to describe a number of performers who were important precursors of punk rock, or who have been cited by early punk rockers as influential. ... Official language(s) None (English, de-facto) Capital Lansing Largest city Detroit Area  Ranked 11th  - Total 97,990 sq mi (253,793 km²)  - Width 239 miles (385 km)  - Length 491 miles (790 km)  - % water 41. ... MC5 (short for Motor City Five) was a hard rock band formed in Detroit, Michigan, USA in 1964 and active until 1972. ... Kick Out the Jams was the first album by Detroit protopunkers MC5, released in 1969. ... This article is about the magazine. ... Lester Bangs during an interview Leslie Conway Bangs (December 14, 1948 – April 30, 1982) was an American music journalist, author and musician. ...

Most of the songs are barely distinguishable from each other in their primitive two-chord structures. You've heard all this before from such notables as the Seeds, Blue Cheer, Question Mark and the Mysterians, and the Kingsmen. The difference here...is in the hype, the thick overlay of teenage-revolution and total-energy-thing which conceals these scrapyard vistas of clichés and ugly noise.... "I Want You Right Now" sounds exactly (down to the lyrics) like a song called "I Want You" by the Troggs, a British group who came on with a similar sex-and-raw-sound image a couple of years ago (remember "Wild Thing"?)^[24] This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... ? & the Mysterians were an American rock and roll band formed in Flint, Michigan in 1962. ... The Troggs were a successful English rock band of the 1960s, who had a number of hits in Britain and America, including their most famous song, Wild Thing. The Troggs were from the town of Andover in southern England. ... Wild Thing is a hit song from 1966 originally performed by the English band The Troggs, and written by New York-born songwriter Chip Taylor. ...

That summer, The Stooges, from Ann Arbor, premiered with a self-titled album. According to critic Greil Marcus, the band, led by singer Iggy Pop, created "the sound of Chuck Berry's Airmobile—after thieves stripped it for parts".^[25] The album was produced by John Cale, a former member of New York's experimental rock group The Velvet Underground. Having earned a "reputation as the first underground rock band", VU would inspire, directly or indirectly, many of those involved in the creation of punk.^[26] The Stooges are an American rocknroll band that was first active from around 1967 to 1974, and then reformed in 2003. ... Ann Arbor is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. ... The Stooges is the self-titled debut of the protopunk band The Stooges. ... Greil Marcus (2006) Greil Marcus (born 1945) is an American author, music journalist and cultural critic. ... James Newell Osterberg, Jr. ... Charles Edward Anderson Chuck Berry (born October 18, 1926 in St. ... John Davies Cale (born March 9, 1942) is a Welsh musician, songwriter and record producer. ... This article is about the American rock band. ...

On the East Coast, the New York Dolls updated the original wildness of 1950s rock 'n' roll in a fashion that would later become known as glam punk.^[27] In Ohio, a small but influential underground rock scene emerged, led by Devo, The Electric Eels, and Rocket from the Tombs, who in 1975 split into Pere Ubu and The Dead Boys (the latter would move to New York and become part of the city's punk scene the following year). In London, the pub rock scene stripped the music back to its basics, and provided a grounding for many of the key players in the later punk explosion, including The Stranglers, Cock Sparrer, and Joe Strummer of The 101'ers, who would later be a founding member of The Clash.^[28] Bands with a compatible sensibility were coming together as far afield as Düsseldorf, West Germany, where "punk before punk" band NEU! formed in 1971, building on the Krautrock tradition of groups such as Can.^[29] A new generation of Australian garage rock bands, inspired mainly by the Stooges and MC5, was coming even closer to the sound that would soon be called "punk": in Brisbane, The Saints also recalled the raw live sound of the British Pretty Things, who had made a notorious tour of Australia and New Zealand in 1965;^[30] Radio Birdman were playing gigs to a small but fanatical following in Sydney. The New York Dolls are a rock band formed in New York City in 1971. ... Glam punk is glam rock and punk rock music. ... Devo (pronounced DEE-vo or dee-VO, often spelled DEVO or DEV-O) is an American New Wave group formed in Akron, Ohio in 1972. ... The Electric Eels were a punk band in the 1970s - 1980s. ... Rocket From The Tombs was an American rock band that formed in the summer of 1974. ... Pere Ubu (or Père Ubu) is the enigmatic central figure of Ubu Roi, a play by Alfred Jarry an experimental Cleveland rock music group named for the above; see Pere Ubu (band) Category: ... The Dead Boys were a punk band that formed in Cleveland, Ohio about 1975, evolving out of the band Rocket From The Tombs. ... Pub rock was a mid- to late-1970s musical movement, largely centred around North London and South East Essex, particularly Canvey Island and Southend on Sea. ... The Stranglers are an English rock music group, formed on September 11, 1974 in Guildford, Surrey. ... Cock Sparrer (initially Cock Sparrow) is a punk rock band from East London. ... John Graham Mellor (August 21, 1952 – December 22, 2002) better known as Joe Strummer, was the co-founder, lyricist, rhythm guitarist and lead singer of the English punk rock band The Clash, The Mescaleros and (temporarily) The Pogues. ... The 101ers were a pub rock band from the 1970s, notable only as being the band that gave Joe Strummer (later of The Clash) his initial start as a musician. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Düsseldorf is the capital city of the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and (together with Cologne and the Ruhr Area) the economic center of Western Germany. ... Neu! (the German word for new, pronounced noy) were a German band, probably the archetypal example of what the UK music press at the time dubbed Krautrock. ... Krautrock is a generic name for the experimental music that appeared in Germany in the late 1960s and gained popularity throughout the 1970s. ... ... Brisbane (pronounced ) is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Queensland, as well as the third largest city in Australia, with a greater metropolitan population of 1. ... {{Infobox_band | band_name = The Saints | image = | years_active = 1974–present | origin = Brisbane, Queensland, Australia | status = On tour, promoting their new album Imperious Delirium music_genre = Punk Alternative rock | record_label = Harvest Records Sire Mushroom Records | current_members = Chris Bailey Caspar Wijnberg Peter Wilkinson<br The Saints are an influential Australian punk band, formed in Brisbane... The Pretty Things is a 1960s and 1970s rock and roll band from London. ... Radio Birdman was one of the first punk bands in Australia. ... The Sydney Opera House on Sydney Harbour Sydney (pronounced ) is the most populous city in Australia, with a metropolitan area population of over 4,200,000 people, and 151,920 within the city centre. ...

Origin of the term punk

Preceding the mid-1970s, punk, a centuries-old word of obscure etymology, was commonly used to describe "a young male hustler, a gangster, a hoodlum, or a ruffian".^[31] As Legs McNeil explains, "On TV, if you watched cop shows, Kojak, Baretta, when the cops finally catch the mass murderer, they'd say, 'you dirty Punk.' It was what your teachers would call you. It meant that you were the lowest."^[32] The term punk rock was apparently coined by rock critic Dave Marsh in a 1970 issue of Creem, where he used it to describe the sound and attitude of ? and the Mysterians.^[33] In June 1972, the fanzine Flash included a "Punk Top Ten" of 1960s albums.^[34] That year, Lenny Kaye used the term in the liner notes of the anthology album Nuggets to refer to 1960s garage rock bands such as The Standells, The Sonics, and The Seeds.^[35] Bomp! maintained this usage through the early 1970s, also applying it to some of the darker, more primitive practitioners of 1960s psychedelic rock.^[36] Not to be confused with Entomology, the study of insects. ... Co-Founder and writer of Punk Magazine, Legs McNeil was also a features editor at Spin magazine and editor in chief of Nerve. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... The cover of the Baretta Season 1 DVD set. ... Dave Marsh (born 1950) is an American music critic. ... CREEM, Americas Only Rock n Roll Magazine, was a monthly rock n roll publication started in 1969 by Barry Kramer and founding editor Tony Reay. ... Other languages FAQs | Table free Welcome to Wikipedia, a free-content encyclopedia that anyone can edit. ... Guitarist, composer and writer Lenny Kaye was a member of the Patti Smith Group and has been Smiths most frequent collaborator. ... Nuggets: Original Artyfacts From the First Psychedelic Era is a compilation album of garage rock from the mid- to late 1960s, assembled by Jac Holzman, founder of Elektra Records. ... The Standells were a 1960s rock and roll band from Los Angeles, California who, like the The Seeds, exemplified the garage rock style. ... This article is on the garage rock band The Sonics; see Seattle SuperSonics for the basketball team. ... Who Put The Bomp was a rock music fanzine edited and published by Greg Shaw from 1970-79. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

By 1975, punk was being used to describe acts as diverse as the Patti Smith Group—with lead guitarist Lenny Kaye—the Bay City Rollers, and Bruce Springsteen.^[36] As the scene at New York's CBGB club (popularly referred to as "CBGBs") attracted notice, a name was sought for the developing sound. Club owner Hilly Kristal called the movement "street rock"; John Holmstrom credits Aquarian magazine with using punk "to describe what was going on at CBGBs".^[37] Holmstrom, McNeil, and Ged Dunn's magazine Punk, which debuted at the end of 1975, was crucial in codifying the term.^[38] "It was pretty obvious that the word was getting very popular," Holmstrom later remarked. "We figured we'd take the name before anyone else claimed it. We wanted to get rid of the bullshit, strip it down to rock 'n' roll. We wanted the fun and liveliness back."^[36] Patricia Lee (Patti) Smith (born December 30, 1946) is an American musician, singer, and poet. ... {{Infobox musical artist | Name = Bay City Rollers | Img = Baycityrollers. ... Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen (born September 23, 1949) is an American rock singer-songwriter and guitarist. ... The outside front facade of CBGB CBGB (Country, Blue Grass, and Blues) was a legendary music club located at 315 Bowery at Bleecker Street in the borough of Manhattan in New York City, New York, United States. ... Punk cover, issue 3, 1976 Punk was a fanzine created by cartoonist John Holmstrom, publisher Ged Dunn and resident punk Legs McNeil. ...

Early history

New York

The origins of New York's punk scene can be traced back to such sources as late 1960s trash culture and an early 1970s underground rock movement centered around the Mercer Arts Center in Greenwich Village, where the New York Dolls performed.^[39] In 1974, the members of a band from Forest Hills, Queens, adopted a common surname. Drawing on such sources as the Beatles, Herman's Hermits, The Beach Boys, and 1960s girl groups, the Ramones condensed rock 'n' roll to its primal level: "'1-2-3-4!' bass-player Dee Dee Ramone shouted at the start of every song, as if the group could barely master the rudiments of rhythm".^[40] Image File history File links IWanttoBeSedated. ... Software development stages In computer programming, development stage terminology expresses how the development of a piece of software has progressed and how much further development it may require. ... This article is about the single by the Ramones. ... The Ramones were an American rock band often regarded as the first punk rock group. ... Road To Ruin is the fourth album by the Ramones. ... Image File history File links Johnny_Thunders_&_The_Heartbreakers_Chinese_Rocks. ... Software development stages In computer programming, development stage terminology expresses how the development of a piece of software has progressed and how much further development it may require. ... Chinese Rocks is a punk rock song written by Dee Dee Ramone and Richard Hell It was recorded by each of the songwriters bands: The Ramones and The Heartbreakers. ... Johnny Thunders Johnny Thunders, born John Anthony Genzale, Jr (July 15, 1952 - April 23, 1991), was a rock and roll guitarist and singer, first with the New York Dolls, the proto-punk glam rockers of the early 70s. ... The Heartbreakers was a punk rock group formed in New York in May 1975 by Johnny Thunders (vocals/guitar) and Jerry Nolan (drums) who had just quit the New York Dolls and Richard Hell (vocals/bass) who was forced out of Television, the band he had founded with Tom Verlaine... Dee Dee Ramone, 1979 Dee Dee Ramone (Douglas Glenn Colvin) (September 18, 1952 - June 5, 2002) was an American songwriter and bassist, best remembered as a founding member of punk rock band the Ramones. ... Richard Hell (born October 2, 1949) is a professional name of Richard Meyers, an American singer, songwriter, bass guitarist and writer. ... L.A.M.F. was the only studio album of Johnny Thunders & The Heartbreakers, which included such musicians as Walter Lure, Billy Rath, and Thunders New York Dolls bandmate Jerry Nolan. ... Underground rock is a term sometimes used to describe forms of rock and roll music which have little or no mainstream appeal, visibility or commercial presence. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Beatles appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show in 1964 as part of their first tour of the United States, promoting their first hit single there, I Want To Hold Your Hand. ... Best of the 60s album Hermans Hermits were an English rock band in the 1960s, formed in Manchester in 1963. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Ramones were an American rock band often regarded as the first punk rock group. ... Dee Dee Ramone, 1979 Dee Dee Ramone (Douglas Glenn Colvin) (September 18, 1952 - June 5, 2002) was an American songwriter and bassist, best remembered as a founding member of punk rock band the Ramones. ...

By the following year, they were playing regularly at the lower Manhattan club CBGB. "When I first saw the Ramones," critic Mary Harron later remembered, "I couldn't believe people were doing this. The dumb brattiness."^[41] CBGB was already the regular venue for another band that played very loud, but much more complex music, Television. The band's bassist/singer, Richard Hell, created a look including "leather jackets, torn T-shirts, and short, ragamuffin hair" credited as the basis for punk visual style.^[42] Early in 1975, Hell wrote "Blank Generation", the scene's emblematic anthem of escape; a recording of the song by Hell and a new band of his, The Voidoids, would first be released in 1976.^[43] In August 1975, Television—with Fred Smith, former bassist for another CBGB band, Blondie, replacing Hell—privately recorded and released a single, "Little Johnny Jewel". As critic John Walker describes, the record is regarded as "a turning point for the whole New York scene" if not quite for the classic punk sound itself—Hell's departure left the band "significantly reduced in fringe aggression".^[44] Yet another regular performer at the club was Patti Smith, a veteran of independent theater and performance poetry, who was developing an intellectual, feminist take on rock 'n' roll. Her debut album Horses, one of the seminal punk records, was produced by John Cale and released in November 1975.^[45] The outside front facade of CBGB CBGB (Country, Blue Grass, and Blues) was a legendary music club located at 315 Bowery at Bleecker Street in the borough of Manhattan in New York City, New York, United States. ... Richard Hell (born October 2, 1949) is a professional name of Richard Meyers, an American singer, songwriter, bass guitarist and writer. ... The Voidoids, also known as Richard Hell and the Voidoids, were a New York City punk rock band of the late 1970s, fronted by Richard Hell, a former member of Television. ... Blondie is an American rock band that first gained fame in the late 1970s and early 1980s. ... Patricia Lee (Patti) Smith (born December 30, 1946) is an American musician, singer, and poet. ... Horses is the debut album by Patti Smith released in November 1975, produced by John Cale. ...

Facade of legendary music club CBGB, New York.

That same month, Sire Records released the first recording by the Ramones, the single "Blitzkrieg Bop". The inaugural issue of Punk appeared in December.^[46] The new magazine tied together earlier artists such as Velvet Underground lead singer Lou Reed, the Stooges, and the New York Dolls with the array of new acts centered around the CBGB and Max's Kansas City venues: the Ramones, Television, The Heartbreakers (started in May 1975 by Richard Hell with former Dolls' guitarist Johnny Thunders, who would oust Hell early in 1976), Patti Smith, Blondie, Talking Heads, and others.^[47] The term "punk" initially referred to the scene in general, more than the sound itself. The early New York punk bands represented a broad variety of influences; though the Ramones and Richard Hell's post-Television bands were establishing a distinct style, punk rock was not yet defined by the standards of minimalism, speed, and arrogance that later emerged.^[48] ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 526 KB) Summary CBGB club facade, Bowery St, New York City. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 526 KB) Summary CBGB club facade, Bowery St, New York City. ... The outside front facade of CBGB CBGB (Country, Blue Grass, and Blues) was a legendary music club located at 315 Bowery at Bleecker Street in the borough of Manhattan in New York City, New York, United States. ... Sire Records Company is an American record label, owned by Warner Music Group and distributed through Warner Bros. ... Blitzkrieg Bop was the first single ever released by the punk rock group Ramones. ... Lewis Allan Lou Reed[1] (born March 2, 1942 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American rock singer-songwriter and guitarist. ... Maxs Kansas City was a nightclub (upstairs) and restaurant (downstairs) between 17th and 18th Streets, on Park Avenue South in New York City. ... The Heartbreakers was a punk rock group formed in New York in May 1975 by Johnny Thunders (vocals/guitar) and Jerry Nolan (drums) who had just quit the New York Dolls and Richard Hell (vocals/bass) who was forced out of Television, the band he had founded with Tom Verlaine... Johnny Thunders Johnny Thunders, born John Anthony Genzale, Jr (July 15, 1952 - April 23, 1991), was a rock and roll guitarist and singer, first with the New York Dolls, the proto-punk glam rockers of the early 70s. ... Talking Heads were an American rock band existing between 1974 and 1991, composed of David Byrne, Chris Frantz, Tina Weymouth and Jerry Harrison. ...

The UK and Australia

After a brief period managing the New York Dolls, Englishman Malcolm McLaren returned to London in May 1975, inspired by the new scene he had witnessed at CBGB. He opened SEX, a clothing store which specialised in "anti-fashion", and sold the slashed T-shirts, drapes, brothel creepers and fetish gear later popularized by the punk movement.^[49] He also began managing The Swankers, who would soon evolve into the Sex Pistols. The Sex Pistols developed an early cult following in London, centered on a clique known as the Bromley Contingent, named after the suburb where many of the fans had grown up.^[50] Image File history File links Anarchy_in_the_UK.ogg‎ Anarchy in the UK was the first single realesed by the Sex Pistols. ... Software development stages In computer programming, development stage terminology expresses how the development of a piece of software has progressed and how much further development it may require. ... Anarchy in the U.K. (B-side I Wanna Be Me) was the first single by the punk band the Sex Pistols. ... The Sex Pistols was an iconic and highly influential English punk rock band, formed in London in 1975. ... Never Mind the Bollocks, Heres the Sex Pistols is a 1977 album recorded by the seminal English punk band, Sex Pistols. ... Image File history File links Buzzcocks_Fast_Cars. ... Software development stages In computer programming, development stage terminology expresses how the development of a piece of software has progressed and how much further development it may require. ... Buzzcocks are an English punk rock band formed in Leigh, Manchester in 1975[1], led by singer/songwriter/guitarist Pete Shelley for nearly their entire existence. ... Another Music in a Different Kitchen was Buzzcocks first album, released in 1978 and includes the hit single I Dont Mind which reached No. ... Malcolm McLaren (born Malcolm Robert Andrew Edwards, 22 January 1946, in London) is an English impresario, musician and self-publicist who is best known as being the manager of the punk rock band Sex Pistols. ... SEX was a boutique run by Malcolm McLaren & Vivienne Westwood at 430 Kings Road in London. ... Creepers or brothel creepers are a type of shoe that gained popularity in the 1950s with the rise of rockabilly and the teddy boy youth culture in the United States and the United Kingdom. ... The basic idea of sexual fetishism is sexual arousal and satisfaction through an inanimate object, the fetish. ... The Bromley Contingent were a group of followers and fans of the Sex Pistols. ...

On July 4, 1976, the Ramones and the Stranglers opened for the Flamin' Groovies before a crowd of two thousand at London's Roundhouse.^[51] The following night, members of the Sex Pistols and a new British punk band, The Clash, attended a Ramones club gig.^[52] These concerts are seen as crucial in bringing together the nascent UK punk scene.^[53] Over the next several months, many new punk bands formed, often directly inspired by the Sex Pistols.^[54] In London, there were The Damned, The Vibrators, The Slits, X-Ray Spex, Siouxsie & the Banshees, Eater, The Subversives, The Adverts, the aptly named London, and Chelsea, which soon spun off Generation X. Farther afield, Sham 69 began practicing in the southeastern town of Hersham. In the Manchester area, the Buzzcocks and the group that would become Warsaw and later Joy Division came together. In Durham, there was Penetration. Some new bands, such as London's Alternative TV and Edinburgh's Rezillos, identified with the scene even as they pursued more experimental sounds. A few already active bands such as Surrey neo-mods The Jam and, particularly, pub rockers Cock Sparrer also became associated with the punk movement. Alongside the musical roots shared with their American counterparts and the calculated confrontationalism of the early Who, rock journalist Clinton Heylin describes how the scene also reflected the influence of the "glam bands who gave noise back to teenagers in the early Seventies—T.Rex, Slade and Roxy Music."^[55] July 4 is the 185th day of the year (186th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the 1976 Gregorian calendar. ... The Flamin Groovies were an American rock music band of the 1960s and 70s. ... The Roundhouse (under construction in 2005) The Roundhouse is an arts venue in London, England. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Damned are a punk rock/gothic rock band formed in London, England in 1976. ... The Vibrators are a British punk rock band, formed in 1976. ... The Slits are an all female punk rock band. ... This article is about the punk band. ... This article does not adequately cite its references. ... Eater were a British (English) punk band with a youthful - 14 year old drummer named Dee Generate. ... The UK Subs are an English punk band, the mainstay of which is vocalist Charlie Harper (born David Charles Perez, 25 April 1944), originally a singer in Britains R & B scene. ... The Adverts were an English punk rock band who formed in 1976 and broke up in 1979. ... This article is about the English band London. ... Chelsea was an early punk band, formed in London in 1977. ... Generation X was a punk rock band that was formed in 1976 by Billy Idol, Tony James and John Towe. ... Sham 69 are an English punk rock band from Hersham, Surrey. ... Hersham is a village in Surrey, England between Esher and Walton-on-Thames. ... This article is about the City of Manchester in England. ... Buzzcocks are an English punk rock band formed in Leigh, Manchester in 1975[1], led by singer/songwriter/guitarist Pete Shelley for nearly their entire existence. ... Joy Division were an English rock band that formed in 1976 in Salford, Greater Manchester. ... Durham (IPA: locally, in RP) is a small city and main settlement of the City of Durham district of County Durham in North East England. ... Penetration were a punk rock band originally formed in 1976. ... Alternative TV was an influential British punk rock band. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Rezillos were a British Punk/New Wave band of the late 1970s consisting of Eugene Reynolds, Fay Fife, Jo Callis, the enigmatically-named Mysterious and Angel patterson. ... Should not be confused with Surry. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... T.Rex (originally known as Tyrannosaurus Rex, also occasionally spelled T Rex or T-Rex), were an English rock band fronted by Marc Bolan. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Roxy Music are an English art rock group founded in the early 1970s by art school graduate Bryan Ferry (vocals and keyboards). ...

At virtually the same time punk was starting to break in the UK, it was doing the same thing, albeit deeper underground, in Australia. Operating within a relatively limited sphere, some of the bands down under were amazed, or dismayed, to discover like-minded musicians exploring a similar path. Ed Kuepper of The Saints reports, Ed Kuepper is an Australian guitarist, singer and songwriter. ... {{Infobox_band | band_name = The Saints | image = | years_active = 1974–present | origin = Brisbane, Queensland, Australia | status = On tour, promoting their new album Imperious Delirium music_genre = Punk Alternative rock | record_label = Harvest Records Sire Mushroom Records | current_members = Chris Bailey Caspar Wijnberg Peter Wilkinson<br The Saints are an influential Australian punk band, formed in Brisbane...

One thing I remember having had a really depressing effect on me was the first Ramones album. When I heard it [in 1976], I mean it was a great record...but I hated it because I knew we’d been doing this sort of stuff for years. There was even a chord progression on that album that we used...and I thought, "Fuck. We’re going to be labeled as influenced by the Ramones," when nothing could have been further from the truth.^[56] A chord progression (also chord sequence and harmonic progression or sequence), as its name implies, is a series of chords played in order. ...

"Anarchy in the U.K.", the Sex Pistols' epochal debut single

In September 1976, The Saints became the first punk band outside of the U.S. to release a recording, the single "(I'm) Stranded". It had limited impact at home, but the British music press recognized it as a groundbreaking record.^[57] Radio Birdman soon came out with an EP, Burn My Eye, described by critic Ian McCaleb as the "archetype for the musical explosion that was about to occur".^[58] On the other side of Australia, in Perth, germinal punk act the Cheap Nasties had also formed. Anarchy In The U.K. cover File links The following pages link to this file: Anarchy in the U.K. ... Anarchy In The U.K. cover File links The following pages link to this file: Anarchy in the U.K. ... Anarchy in the U.K. (B-side I Wanna Be Me) was the first single by the punk band the Sex Pistols. ... (I’m) Stranded is the first song released by pioneering Australian punk rock band The Saints. ... Burn My Eye was the debut EP recorded by Sydney punk rock band Radio Birdman. ... The Perth skyline viewed from the Swan River This article is about the metropolitan area of Perth, Western Australia. ... The Manikins were a protopunk and new wave band from Perth, Australia. ...

In October, The Damned became the first UK punk band to release a single, the classic "New Rose".^[59] The Sex Pistols followed the next month with "Anarchy in the U.K." In December, the Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Damned, and The Heartbreakers united for the Anarchy Tour, a series of gigs throughout the UK. Many of the shows were cancelled by venue owners after tabloid newspapers and other media seized on sensational reports about the antics of the bands and their fans.^[60] One incident that month sealed punk's notorious reputation: On Thames Today, an early evening London TV show, Sex Pistols guitarist Steve Jones was goaded into a verbal altercation by the host, Bill Grundy, and swore at him on live television, outraging a nation.^[61] New Rose was the first single by The Damned. ... Anarchy in the U.K. (B-side I Wanna Be Me) was the first single by the punk band the Sex Pistols. ... Stephen Phillip Jones (b. ... William Grundy (February 20, 1923 - February 9, 1993), commonly called Bill, was a British television presenter and was the host of Thames Televisions Today show in the 1970s. ...

The second wave

As the punk rock movement expanded rapidly in Great Britain during 1976, a few bands sharing elements of the emerging style began to appear around the United States. By 1977, a second wave of the movement broke in both the UK and the U.S., as well as in Australia and Canada. These bands often sounded very different from each other, reflecting the highly eclectic state of punk music during the era.^[62] Like their garage rock predecessors, they mostly operated within regional or entirely local scenes, facilitated by enthusiastic impresarios who operated clubs or organized gigs in whatever venues were available—schools, garages, warehouses—advertising via locally printed flyers and fanzines. This do-it-yourself ethic in many cases reflected an aversion to commercial success, as well as a desire to maintain creative and financial autonomy.^[63] Image File history File links LondonCalling. ... Software development stages In computer programming, development stage terminology expresses how the development of a piece of software has progressed and how much further development it may require. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Image File history File links Wire_Outdoor_Miner. ... Software development stages In computer programming, development stage terminology expresses how the development of a piece of software has progressed and how much further development it may require. ... Wire are an English band formed in 1976 (and intermittently active to the present) by Graham Lewis (bass, vocals), Bruce Gilbert (guitar), Colin Newman (vocals, guitar) and Robert Gotobed (né Grey) (drums). ... Chairs Missing is the second album by the band Wire. ... Image File history File links Holiday_in_Cambodia. ... Software development stages In computer programming, development stage terminology expresses how the development of a piece of software has progressed and how much further development it may require. ... (GREATEST BAND) The Dead Kennedys (often known by their initials DK, as in decay) are a hardcore punk band from San Francisco, California. ... Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables is the debut album by the Dead Kennedys, released initially on Cherry Red Records in the UK in 1980 and eventually through Faulty Products in the US (later by the DKs own Alternative Tentacles label). ... // This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

A prolific California punk scene was beginning to develop as early as 1976. Among the original bands were The Weirdos, The Dils, The Screamers, The Dickies, X, The Go-Go's, The Zeros, and The Bags in Los Angeles,^[64] and The Avengers, The Nuns, Crime, and Negative Trend in San Francisco.^[65] In Washington, D.C., a scene arose around bands like Overkill, the Slickee Boys, Half Japanese, the Urban Verbs, Tru Fax and the Insaniacs, and White Boy. In the New York clubs where punk was born, the style began to cede ground to No Wave, though original punk bands like The Ramones continued to perform. The New Jersey-based Misfits emerged during this time and by 1978 developed a style that would be known as horror punk. In Canada, Toronto groups such as Teenage Head, The Diodes, The Viletones, The Demics, The Battered Wives, the all-female Curse, and The Government, along with Vancouver's The Skulls, Canadian Bush Party, and The Subhumans, popularized punk. The California punk scene is a regional punk music scene that started in the late 1970’s and still exists today. ... The Weirdos were a punk rock band from Los Angeles, California. ... The Dils were an American punk rock band of the late 1970s, originally from Carlsbad, California, and fronted by brothers Chip Kinman and Tony Kinman. ... The Screamers were a punk rock group active in the Los Angeles, California area in the late 1970s. ... The Dickies are a punk rock group formed in Los Angeles, California in 1977. ... X on the cover of their 1997 collection Beyond and Back: The X Anthology. ... For the 1960s band, see The Go-Gos (1960s). ... The Zeros, aka the Mexican Ramones, who hailed from Chula Vista, California, beginning in 1976. ... The Bags were one of the first generation of punk rock bands to emerge out of Los Angeles. ... The Avengers were a California based punk band in the first wave of punk. ... The Nuns are an indie/punk band from the North-West of England. ... Negative Trend was an early San Francisco punk rock band, active from 1977–1979. ... The Slickee Boys were a Washington, D.C.-area psychedelic / garage rock / punk band, led by Kim Kane, Mark Noone, and Marshall Keith. ... Half Japanese is a seminal punk rock band formed by brothers Jad and David Fair in their Uniontown, Maryland bedroom around 1975 - 1977. ... Tru Fax & the Insaniacs (TFI) are a punk/new wave music band in the Washington, DC, area. ... No Wave was a short-lived but influential music and art scene that thrived briefly in New York City during the late 1970s and early 1980s alongside the punk scene there. ... For the movie of the same name, see The Misfits (film). ... Horror punk is a music genre that was defined by the band The Misfits, blending horror movie lyrical themes and imagery with musical influences from early punk rock, doo-wop, and, to a lesser degree, rockabilly. ... Teenage Head refers to both a band and an album. ... The Diodes were a Canadian punk band in the heyday of punk from 1977 through 1980. ... The Viletones were a Canadian punk band from Toronto, led by Steven Leckie, a. ... The Demics were a Canadian punk rock band, active in the late 1970s. ... The Battered Wives was a punk rock band from Toronto during the late nineteen-seventies. ... The Government was a musical group from Toronto active in the late 1970s. ... The Skulls were an early Vancouver punk rock band whose members would later found two of the areas most influential bands: D.O.A. and The Subhumans. ... Canadian Bush Party is a punk trio from Canada, formed by Sheppy Fortrell, Jimi Payne, and Bucky Lopez in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1977. ... This page is about the Canadian band called The Subhumans. ...

In 1978–79, with hardcore punk's emergence in Southern California and then Washington, D.C., a rivalry developed between adherents of the new sound and the older punk crowd. Hardcore, appealing to a younger, more suburban audience, was perceived by some as anti-intellectual, overly violent, and musically limited. In Los Angeles, the opposing factions were often referred to as "Hollywood punks" and "beach punks", referring to Hollywood's central position in the original L.A. punk scene and to hardcore's popularity in the shoreline communities of South Bay and Orange County.^[66] As hardcore became the dominant punk style, many bands of the older California punk movement split up, though The Go-Go's (with a pop sound) and X went on to mainstream success.^[67] This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... For the urban complex straddling the United States-Mexico border, see Bajalta California. ... The South Bay and surrounding regions in Southern California The South Bay is a region in the southwest peninsula of Los Angeles County, California, United States. ...

In Perth, Australia, The Victims became a short-lived leader on the scene, recording the classic "Television Addict". The Scientists, with vocalist-guitarist-songwriter Kim Salmon, soon became the local spearhead. The Last Words and Hellcats in Sydney, Razar and The Leftovers in Brisbane, and The Reals and The Babeez in Melbourne were among the other bands constituting Australia's second wave. Melbourne's art rock–influenced Boys Next Door featured singer Nick Cave, who would shortly become one of the world's most celebrated post-punk artists. The Victims were a punk band from Perth, Western Australia, active in 1977-79. ... Television Addict was the A-side of the debut single by The Victims, an early punk rock band from Perth, Western Australia. ... The Scientists was an influential indie rock band from Perth, Australia, led by Kim Salmon. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The Last Words - Malcolm Baxter (vocals), Andy Groome (guitar), Leigh Kendall (bass), John Gunn (drums) - were one of the first Australian punk bands. ... Melbournes CBD has grown to straddle the Yarra River in three major precincts. ... Art rock is a term used by some to describe rock music that is characterized by ambitious or avant-garde lyrical themes and/or melodic, harmonic, or rhythmic experimentation, often extending beyond standard modern popular music forms and genres, toward influences in jazz, classical, world music or the experimental avant... The Birthday Party was an Australian post punk rock group, active from 1977 to 1983. ... Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds in 2005. ... Post punk generally refers to the particularly fertile and creative period following the initial punk rock explosion. During the first wave of punk, roughly spanning 1976-1983, bands such as The Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Ramones and The Damned began to challenge the current styles and conventions of rock...

Punk or post-punk? Wire's debut album, Pink Flag, released December 1977

Though punk was to remain largely an underground phenomenon in North America and Australia during the 1970s, in the UK it became a broad-based sensation.^[68] The Clash's self-titled debut album, released in April 1977, reached number 12 on the UK charts. In May, the Sex Pistols achieved new heights of controversy (and number 2 on the singles chart) with "God Save the Queen". Many new groups emerged: Crass, from Essex, merged a vehement, straight-ahead punk style with a committed anarchist mission. Sham 69, London's Menace, and the Angelic Upstarts from South Shields in the Northeast combined a similarly stripped-down sound with populist lyrics, a style that became known as streetpunk. Employing a wider variety of tempos and more complex instrumentation, a number of bands in the British second wave infused punk with elements of synth and noise music.^[69] London's Wire and Tubeway Army, Belfast's Stiff Little Fingers, and Dunfermline, Scotland's The Skids expresssed punk's energy and aggression, while expanding its musical palette.^[70] Alongside thirteen original songs that would define classic punk, The Clash's debut had included a cover of the recent Jamaican reggae hit "Police and Thieves".^[71] Other first wave bands such as The Slits and new entrants to the scene like The Ruts and The Police interacted with the reggae and ska subcultures, incorporating their rhythms and production styles. The punk phenomenon helped spark a full-fledged ska revival movement known as 2 Tone, centered around bands such as The Specials, The Beat, Madness, and The Selecter.^[72] In August 1977, The Adverts had a top 20 hit with the single "Gary Gilmore's Eyes". In October, the Sex Pistols released their first and only "official" album, Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols. Inspiring yet another round of controversy, it topped the British charts. In December, one of the first books about punk rock was published: The Boy Looked at Johnny, by Julie Burchill and Tony Parsons.^[73] Declaring the punk movement to be already over, it was subtitled The Obituary of Rock and Roll. In January 1978, the Sex Pistols broke up while on American tour. Image File history File links Wire_Pink_Flag. ... Image File history File links Wire_Pink_Flag. ... Post punk generally refers to the particularly fertile and creative period following the initial punk rock explosion. During the first wave of punk, roughly spanning 1976-1983, bands such as The Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Ramones and The Damned began to challenge the current styles and conventions of rock... Wire are an English band formed in 1976 (and intermittently active to the present) by Graham Lewis (bass, vocals), Bruce Gilbert (guitar), Colin Newman (vocals, guitar) and Robert Gotobed (né Grey) (drums). ... Pink Flag is the first album by the band Wire, released in 1977. ... The Clash is the first full-length recording released by the English punk band The Clash. ... God Save the Queen (B-side Did You No Wrong) was the second single by punk band the Sex Pistols. ... For information about the anarchist writer see Chris Crass Crass was an influential English anarchist punk rock band. ... Essex is a county in the East of England. ... The Angelic Upstarts were a staunchly anti-fascist, anti-police, pro-IRA, Socialist working class oi! punk band of late 1970s and early 1980s. ... South Shields is a coastal town in Tyne and Wear, England, on the south bank of the mouth of the River Tyne, with a population of about 90,000. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... A synthesizer (or synthesiser) is an electronic musical instrument designed to produce electronically generated sound, using techniques such as additive, subtractive, FM, physical modelling synthesis, phase distortion, or Scanned synthesis. ... Noise music is a sub-genre of experimental music constructed from noise as opposed to recognisable sound or pitches. ... Wire are an English band formed in 1976 (and intermittently active to the present) by Graham Lewis (bass, vocals), Bruce Gilbert (guitar), Colin Newman (vocals, guitar) and Robert Gotobed (né Grey) (drums). ... Tubeway Army (1977–1979) were a London-based punk and New Wave band formed by Gary Webb. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 54. ... Stiff Little Fingers are a punk band from Belfast, Northern Ireland, formed in 1977. ... ‹ The template below has been proposed for deletion. ... Motto (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity Cha togar mfhearg gun dioladh (Scottish Gaelic)1 Wha daur meddle wi me?(Scots)1 Anthem (Multiple unofficial anthems) Scotlands location in Europe Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic, Scots Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II... The Skids The Skids were an art-punk and new wave band from Dunfermline in Scotland, founded in 1977 by Stuart Adamson (1958-2001, on guitars / vocals / keyboards), Richard Jobson (vocals / guitar), Thomas Kellichan (drums) and William Simpson (bass guitar / vocals). ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... Police and Thieves is a song most identified with both the man who co-wrote and originally produced the song, Lee Scratch Perry and with English punk rock band The Clash. ... The Ruts The Ruts were a reggae-influenced British punk band notable for the 1979 top 10 hit Babylons Burning (right). ... The Police are a three-piece rock band consisting of singer/bassist Sting, guitarist Andy Summers, and drummer Stewart Copeland. ... Ska (pron. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The Beat, known in North America as The English Beat, was one of the most important 2 Tone ska music groups. ... Madness are an English pop/ska band from Camden Town, London that formed in 1976. ... The Selecter were a ska revival band from Coventry, England, formed in the late 1970s and who became one of the essential bands of the British ska movement. ... Never Mind the Bollocks, Heres the Sex Pistols is a 1977 album recorded by the seminal English punk band, Sex Pistols. ... Julie Burchill (born July 3, 1959 in Frenchay, Bristol) is a British journalist and author, renowned for her invective and often contentious prose. ... Tony Parsons is the name of two noted journalists. ...

Meanwhile, punk scenes were emerging around the world. In West Germany, the Neue Deutsche Welle (NDW) movement brought together a diverse audience. NDW started with both punk bands (Abwärts, DAF, Fehlfarben) and industrial rock groups (Einstürzende Neubauten), before going mainstream with acts like Ideal, Extrabreit, and Nena. For the first time since World War II, German bands were attracting a large audience of German youth, bringing Krautrock acts back to life and opening a market for protest singers and bands. These opposing factions were united by a feeling that rock 'n' roll had lost its anti-establishment edge since the late 1960s, and that punk rock was "'against the system' politically as well as musically."^[74] In France, a scene evolved from a Parisian pre-punk subculture of Lou Reed fans calling themselves les punks,^[75] coming together around bands such as Métal Urbain and Oberkampf. Punk scenes also grew in countries such as Belgium (The Kids, Chainsaw), the Netherlands (The Ex, God's Heart Attack), Japan (Gaseneta, Kadotani Michio), Switzerland (Kleenex), and Sweden (Ebba Grön). Neue Deutsche Welle (New German Wave, often abbreviated NDW) was a genre of German music originally derived from punk rock and New Wave music in 1976. ... DAF is an influential electropunk / Neue Deutsche Welle band from Düsseldorf, formed in 1978 featuring drummer/synth player Robert Görl, vocalist Gabi Delgado-Lopez , guitarist Wolfgang Spelmans and bassist/keyboardist/saxophonist Chrislo Haas. ... Fehlfarben is a German rock band from Düsseldorf, Germany. ... Einstürzende Neubauten is an experimental music band, originally from West Berlin, formed in 1980. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Extrabreit is a German band established in Hagen, Germany in 1978. ... Nena (born March 24, 1960 in Hagen, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German singer who became famous with the New German Wave song 99 Luftballons (99 Red Balloons in the English version). ... A protest song is a song which protests problems in society such as injustice, racial discrimination, war, globalization, inflation, social inequalities, incarceration, the Greenhouse effect, the global warming. ... Métal Urbain are one of the first French punk groups, heavily influenced by The Clash and The Sex Pistols on one hand and on the other by an electro approach related to Metal Machine Music of Lou Reed. ... Oberkamp performing live, c. ... First single on Romantik Records Chainsaw is the name of a punk rock band from Brussels, Belgium, formed in 1976 and split in 1978. ... The Ex is an anarchist punk rock band from the Netherlands. ... This article is about the Kleenex band. ... ThÃ¥ström, Fjodor and Gurra Ebba Grön was a Swedish punk band formed in 1977. ...

Punk diversifies

Cover of The Clash album London Calling

As the early media hype surrounding punk ebbed in the late 1970s, the movement fragmented into a variety of derivative forms. The early unity between arty, middle-class bohemians and working-class punks began to fracture.^[76] This led on one side to the rise of New Wave and post-punk; many such bands adopted more accessible musical styles and gained broad popularity, while some turned in an experimental direction. On the other side, hardcore punk, Oi!, and anarcho-punk bands—many with an explicit political agenda—became closely linked with underground cultures and spun off an array of subgenres.^[77] Somewhere in between, pop punk groups created blends like that of the ideal record, as defined by Mekons cofounder Kevin Lycett: "a cross between Abba and the Sex Pistols".^[78] A wide variety of other styles emerged, many of them fusions with long-established genres. Exemplifying the punk movement's broadening range was The Clash's album London Calling, released in December 1979. Combining punk with reggae, ska, R&B, and rockabilly, it would go on to be acclaimed as one of the best rock records of all time.^[79] Cover of The Clash album London Calling. ... Cover of The Clash album London Calling. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The term Bohemian was first used in the nineteenth century to describe the non-traditional lifestyles of marginalized and impoverished artists, writers, musicians, and actors in major European cities. ... The term working class is used to denote a social class. ... New Wave is a term that has been used to describe many developments in music, but is most commonly associated with a movement in Western popular music, in the late 1970s and early 1980s inspired by the punk rock movement. ... Post punk generally refers to the particularly fertile and creative period following the initial punk rock explosion. During the first wave of punk, roughly spanning 1976-1983, bands such as The Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Ramones and The Damned began to challenge the current styles and conventions of rock... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Oi! is a working class street-level subgenre of punk rock that originated in the United Kingdom in the 1970s. ... The anarchy symbol commonly used by anarcho-punks Anarcho-punk (sometimes known as peace-punk) is a subgenre of the punk rock movement consisting of groups and bands promoting specifically anarchist ideas. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Look up genre in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Pop punk is used for two separate subgenres of punk rock music: the kind typically found on Lookout! Records, which stray very little from the three-chord formula that The Ramones pioneered, as well as a newer subgenre of melodic, more emotional punk, which includes by bands like NOFX and... The Mekons. ... ABBA was a Swedish pop music group active from 1972 until 1982, and are the most successful act ever to come out of Scandinavia. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Rhythm and blues (or R & B) is a musical marketing term introduced in the United States in the late 1940s by Billboard magazine. ...

New Wave

For more details on this topic, see New Wave music.

New Wave and its attendant subculture arose along with the earliest punk groups; indeed, "punk" and "New Wave" were initially interchangeable.^[80] Over time, however, the terms began to acquire different meanings: bands such as Talking Heads, Blondie, Devo, and The Police that were broadening their instrumental palette, incorporating dance-oriented rhythms, and working with more polished production were called "New Wave" rather than "punk". Combining elements of early punk music and fashion with a far more pop-oriented and less "dangerous" style, New Wave artists such as The Cars and Elvis Costello became very popular on both sides of the Atlantic. New Wave became a catch-all term for mainstream punk-inspired music, encompassing disparate styles such as 2 Tone ska, the mod revival based around The Jam, the New Romantic phenomenon typified by Duran Duran, and synthpop groups like Depeche Mode. New Wave became a pop culture sensation with the debut of the cable television network MTV in 1981, which put many New Wave videos into regular rotation. However, the music was often derided at the time as being silly and disposable.^[81] New Wave is a term that has been used to describe many developments in music, but is most commonly associated with a movement in Western popular music, in the late 1970s and early 1980s inspired by the punk rock movement. ... Image File history File links BlondieRipHerToShreds. ... Software development stages In computer programming, development stage terminology expresses how the development of a piece of software has progressed and how much further development it may require. ... Blondie is an American rock band that first gained fame in the late 1970s and early 1980s. ... The début albumFUCK BLONDIE DAWGFUCK BLONDIE DAWGFUCK BLONDIE DAWGFUCK BLONDIE DAWGFUCK BLONDIE DAWGFUCK BLONDIE DAWGFUCK BLONDIE DAWGFUCK BLONDIE DAWGFUCK BLONDIE DAWGFUCK BLONDIE DAWGFUCK BLONDIE DAWGFUCK BLONDIE DAWGFUCK BLONDIE DAWGFUCK BLONDIE DAWGFUCK BLONDIE DAWGFUCK BLONDIE DAWGFUCK BLONDIE DAWGFUCK BLONDIE DAWGFUCK BLONDIE DAWGFUCK BLONDIE DAWGFUCK BLONDIE DAWGFUCK BLONDIE DAWGFUCK BLONDIE DAWGFUCK... The Cars were an American Rock band, fronted by Ric Ocasek, that emerged from the early punk scene in the late 1970s. ... Declan Patrick MacManus (born August 25, 1954, in London), better known by his stage name, Elvis Costello, is an English musician, singer, and songwriter of Irish ancestry. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Duran Duran is an English pop/rock band notable for a long series of popular singles and vivid music videos. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... Depeche Mode are an electronic band formed in 1980 in Essex, England. ... Popular culture, or pop culture, is the vernacular (peoples) culture that prevails in a modern society. ... Coaxial cable is often used to transmit cable television into the house. ... MTV (Music Television) is an American cable television network headquartered in New York City. ...

Post-punk

For more details on this topic, see Post-punk.

In the UK, a wide variety of post-punk bands emerged, including The Fall, Joy Division, Gang of Four, and Public Image Ltd. Some bands classified as post-punk, such as Throbbing Gristle and Cabaret Voltaire, had been active before the punk scene itself had coalesced;^[82] others, such as The Slits and Siouxsie & The Banshees, transitioned from punk into post-punk. The music was often experimental, like that of the New Wave bands; defining them as "post-punk" was a sound that tended to be less pop and more dark and abrasive—sometimes verging on the atonal, as with Wire, and Subway Sect. Drawing inspiration from such art rock sources as Captain Beefheart, David Bowie, and Krautrock, post-punk also explored new lyrical approaches:^[83] The Fall's Mark E. Smith wrote "oblique observations of Northern underclass grotesquerie".^[84] Post punk generally refers to the particularly fertile and creative period following the initial punk rock explosion. During the first wave of punk, roughly spanning 1976-1983, bands such as The Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Ramones and The Damned began to challenge the current styles and conventions of rock... Image File history File links The_Fall_Totally_Wired. ... Software development stages In computer programming, development stage terminology expresses how the development of a piece of software has progressed and how much further development it may require. ... The Fall are an English post-punk band, formed in Manchester in 1976. ... Grotesque (After The Gramme) is a 1980 album by the Fall. ... The Fall are an English post-punk band, formed in Manchester in 1976. ... Joy Division were an English rock band that formed in 1976 in Salford, Greater Manchester. ... Gang of Four is an English post-punk group from Leeds. ... Public Image Ltd (PiL) is a band formed in 1978 by John Lydon, formerly and later Johnny Rotten of the Sex Pistols. ... Throbbing Gristle (formed on September 3, 1975, in London) is a British experimental music and industrial music group that evolved from the performance art group COUM Transmissions. ... Cabaret Voltaire was a British music group from Sheffield, England. ... Atonality describes music not conforming to the system of tonal hierarchies, which characterizes the sound of classical European music between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. ... One of the original (and best) British punk bands, Subway Sects posthumous reputation has suffered because of their comparatively small output. ... Art rock is a term used by some to describe rock music that is characterized by ambitious or avant-garde lyrical themes and/or melodic, harmonic, or rhythmic experimentation, often extending beyond standard modern popular music forms and genres, toward influences in jazz, classical, world music or the experimental avant... Don Van Vliet (born Don Glen Vliet on January 15, 1941, in Glendale, California, USA) is a musician and visual artist, best known by the pseudonym Captain Beefheart. ... David Bowie (IPA: []) (born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947) is an English singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, producer, arranger and audio engineer. ... Krautrock is a generic name for the experimental music that appeared in Germany in the late 1960s and gained popularity throughout the 1970s. ... Mark E. Smith (born 5 March 1957) is the lead singer, lyricist, frontman, and sole consistent member of The Fall, a renowned and idiosyncratic offshoot from the UK post-punk/new wave music scenes. ...

The influential post-punk band Joy Division

Post-punk brought together a new fraternity of musicians, journalists, managers, and entrepreneurs; the latter, notably Geoff Travis of Rough Trade and Tony Wilson of Factory, helped to develop the production and distribution infrastructure of the indie music scene that blossomed in the mid-1980s.^[85] Smoothing the edges of their style in the direction of New Wave, a number of post-punk bands such as New Order (descended from Joy Division) and U2 crossed over to a mainstream U.S. audience. Others, like Gang of Four, The Raincoats and Throbbing Gristle, who had little more than cult followings at the time, are seen in retrospect as significant influences on modern popular culture.^[86] Image:Joy Division. ... Image:Joy Division. ... Post punk generally refers to the particularly fertile and creative period following the initial punk rock explosion. During the first wave of punk, roughly spanning 1976-1983, bands such as The Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Ramones and The Damned began to challenge the current styles and conventions of rock... Joy Division were an English rock band that formed in 1976 in Salford, Greater Manchester. ... Rough Trade Records, now a member of the RIAA[1], began as an independent record label, based in London, England. ... Tony Wilson presents So It Goes in 1976 Anthony (Tony) Howard Wilson is an English record label owner, radio presenter, TV show host, nightclub manager, impresario and journalist for Granada Television and the BBC. // Wilson was (born February 20, 1950, in Salford, Greater Manchester. ... FAC 115: Factory Records Stationery (1984) Factory Records was a Manchester-based British independent record label, started in 1978 which featured several prominent musical acts, such as Joy Division, New Order, The Durutti Column, Happy Mondays, and (briefly) James and Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark. ... In popular music, indie music (from independent) is any of a number of genres, scenes, subcultures and stylistic and cultural attributes, characterised by perceived independence from commercial pop music and mainstream culture and an autonomous, do-it-yourself (DIY) approach. ... New Order are an English rock group formed in 1980 by Bernard Sumner (vocals, guitars, synthesizers), Peter Hook (bass, electronic drums), and Stephen Morris (drums, synthesizers). ... U2 are a rock band from Dublin, Ireland. ... The Raincoats were formed in 1977 by Ana da Silva (vocals, guitar) and Gina Birch (vocals, bass) while they were students at Hornsey College of Art, London, England. ...

A number of U.S. artists were retrospectively defined as post-punk; Television's debut record Marquee Moon, released in 1977, is seen by many as the seminal album in the field.^[87] The No Wave movement that developed in New York in the late 1970s, with artists like Lydia Lunch, is often treated as the phenomenon's U.S. parallel.^[88] The later work of Ohio protopunk pioneers Pere Ubu is also commonly described as post-punk.^[89] One of the most influential American post-punk bands was Boston's Mission of Burma, who brought abrupt rhythmic shifts derived from hardcore into a highly experimental musical context.^[90] In 1980, Australia's Boys Next Door moved to London and changed their name to The Birthday Party, which would evolve into Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds. King Snake Roost and other Australian bands would further explore the possibilities of post-punk. Later art punk and alternative rock musicians would find diverse inspiration among these predecessors, New Wave and post-punk alike. Marquee Moon was Televisions 1977 (see 1977 in music) debut album. ... No Wave was a short-lived but influential music and art scene that thrived briefly in New York City during the late 1970s and early 1980s alongside the punk scene there. ... Lydia Lunch Lydia Lunch (born Lydia Koch on June 2, 1959 in Rochester, New York) is an American singer, poet, writer, and actor. ... Mission of Burma is a post-punk band from Boston, Massachusetts, USA comprising guitarist Roger Miller, bassist Clint Conley and drummer Peter Prescott, with Bob Weston (originally Martin Swope) as tape manipulator and sound engineer. ... The Birthday Party was an Australian post punk rock group, active from 1977 to 1983. ... Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... Alternative rock (also called alternative music or simply alternative; known primarily in the UK as indie) is a genre of rock music that emerged in the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s. ...

Hardcore

For more details on this topic, see Hardcore punk.

Hardcore punk, characterized by fast, aggressive beats and often politically aware lyrics, developed in the United States in the late 1970s.^[91] According to author Steven Blush, "Hardcore comes from the bleak suburbs of America. Parents moved their kids out of the cities to these horrible suburbs to save them from the 'reality' of the cities and what they ended up with was this new breed of monster".^[15] Hardcore was the American punk standard for much of the 1980s.^[92] This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Image File history File links Pay_to_Cum. ... Software development stages In computer programming, development stage terminology expresses how the development of a piece of software has progressed and how much further development it may require. ... Bad Brains are an American punk rock band, originally formed in Washington, D.C. in 1979 . ... Music samples: Pay to Cum ( file info) — Pay to Cum by the Bad Brains from Pay to Cum single (1980) Problems listening to the file? See media help. ...

Described by critic Jon Savage as "a rush of claustrophobic nihilism",^[93] hardcore emerged in the southern California punk scene in 1978–79, followed shortly in Washington, D.C., and then spreading throughout North America and internationally.^[94][95][96] Among the earliest hardcore bands, regarded as having made the first recordings in the style, were California's Black Flag and Middle Class.^[95][96] Bad Brains and Teen Idles launched the D.C. scene.^[94] They were soon joined by such bands as the Minutemen, The Descendents, Circle Jerks, The Adolescents, and TSOL in southern California, and D.C.'s Minor Threat and State of Alert. Some second wave punk bands, such as San Francisco's Dead Kennedys, redefined themselves as hardcore. A substantial New York hardcore scene emerged around 1981, led by bands such as Agnostic Front, The Cro-Mags, Murphy's Law, and Youth of Today.^[97] Other major hardcore bands included Minneapolis's Hüsker Dü and Vancouver's D.O.A. By 1981, hardcore was the dominant punk style in California and much of the rest of North America.^[98] Black Flag was a hardcore punk band formed in 1976 in southern California, largely as the brainchild of Greg Ginn, the guitarist, primary songwriter and sole continuous member through multiple personnel changes. ... Middle Class were one of the first Hardcore bands in history. ... Bad Brains are an American punk rock band, originally formed in Washington, D.C. in 1979 . ... The Teen Idles were a hardcore punk band that existed only for about fourteen months. ... Washington, D.C. had one of the first and one of the most influential hardcore punk scenes in the United States during the 1980s. ... The Minutemen were an American rock band from San Pedro, California comprising singer/guitarist D. Boon, singer/bassist Mike Watt and drummer George Hurley. ... The classic Descendents lineup left to right, Frank Navetta, Tony Lombardo, Milo Aukerman, and Bill Stevenson. ... The Circle Jerks are a hardcore punk band formed circa 1979 in Hermosa Beach, California. ... The Adolescents are a punk music group formed in 1980 in Fullerton, California. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... State of Alert (or S.O.A.) was a hardcore punk group from Washington, D.C. fronted by Henry Garfield, who would later rise to fame as Henry Rollins. ... (GREATEST BAND) The Dead Kennedys (often known by their initials DK, as in decay) are a hardcore punk band from San Francisco, California. ... New York Hardcore (NYHC) refers to hardcore punk and metalcore music created in New York City and to the subculture associated with that music. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Cro-Mags were a hardcore punk band from New York City. ... Murphys Law is a hardcore band from New York. ... Youth of Today was a straight edge hardcore band from New York City. ... // The Minneapolis area has been a fertile ground for the hardcore punk scene for many years. ... Hüsker Dü were a rock band formed in Minneapolis-St. ... Vancouver (pronounced: ) is a city located in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. ... D.O.A. is a hardcore punk band from Vancouver. ...

Black Flag, June 1985

The lyrical content of hardcore songs, typified by Dead Kennedys' "Holiday in Cambodia", was often critical of commercial culture and middle-class values.^[96] Straight edge bands like Minor Threat, Boston's SS Decontrol, and Reno, Nevada's 7 Seconds rejected the self-destructive lifestyles of many of their peers, and built a movement based on positivity and abstinence from cigarettes, alcohol, and drugs.^[99] Image File history File links Henry_Rollins_of_Black_Flag_live. ... Image File history File links Henry_Rollins_of_Black_Flag_live. ... Black Flag was a hardcore punk band formed in 1976 in southern California, largely as the brainchild of Greg Ginn, the guitarist, primary songwriter and sole continuous member through multiple personnel changes. ... Original US 45 rpm single picture cover: The Dead Kennedys - Holiday In Cambodia Holiday in Cambodia is a single by the hardcore punk band Dead Kennedys released in May of 1980. ... For the drawing or cutting tool, see Straightedge. ... Boston Hardcore is the influential hardcore punk scene of Boston, Massachusetts. ... This article is in need of attention. ... City nickname: The Biggest Little City in the World Founded May 9, 1868 County Washoe County Mayor Bob Cashell Area  - Total  - Land  - Water 179. ... 7 Seconds are a hardcore punk band from Reno, Nevada. ...

In the early 1980s, bands from the American southwest and California such as JFA, Agent Orange, and The Faction helped create a rhythmically distinctive style of hardcore known as skate punk. Skate punk innovators also pointed in other directions: Austin, Texas's Big Boys helped establish funkcore, while Venice, California's Suicidal Tendencies had a formative effect on the metal-influenced crossover thrash style. Toward the end of the decade, crossover thrash spawned the metalcore fusion style and the superfast thrashcore subgenre developed in multiple locations. JFA (Jodie Fosters Army) is a punk rock band, born in 1981 out of the Southern California skateboard culture. ... Agent Orange is a punk band from Fullerton, California. ... The Faction are a punk rock band from San Jose, California that is closely linked to the underground skateboarding culture. ... Skate punk (also known as skatepunk, skate-punk, skate-thrash, or skate-core) was originally a derivative of hardcore punk, so named because of its popularity among skateboarders, and the fact that many members of skate punk bands were themselves skaters. ... Nickname: Live Music Capital of the World Location in the state of Texas Coordinates: Country United States State Texas Counties Travis County, Williamson County Government  - Mayor Will Wynn Area  - City  296. ... The Big Boys were a pioneering band who are credited with helping introduce the new style of hardcore punk that became popular in the 1980s. ... Funkcore is a musical genre, or perhaps movement, derived from a fusion of American-styled hardcore punk and funk. ... Venice Beach and Boardwalk Venice, California, is a district of the city of Los Angeles, California. ... Suicidal Tendencies are a hardcore punk band formed in 1982 in Venice, California. ... Heavy metals, in chemistry, are chemical elements of a particular range of atomic weights. ... Crossover Thrash was a term used in the 1980s to describe the first wave of bands that mixed hardcore punk (or more specifically the part of it called thrashcore) and thrash metal. ... Metalcore (also known as hardcore metal) is a fusion genre, mixing elements of metal and hardcore punk. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Oi!

For more details on this topic, see Oi!.

Following the lead of such first-wave British punk bands as Cock Sparrer and Sham 69, in the late 1970s second-wave units like Cockney Rejects, Angelic Upstarts, The Exploited, and The 4-Skins sought to realign punk with a working class, street-level following.^[100] Their style was originally called real punk or streetpunk; Sounds journalist Garry Bushell is credited with labelling the genre Oi! in 1980. The name is partly derived from the Cockney Rejects' habit of shouting "Oi! Oi! Oi!" before each song, instead of the time-honoured "1,2,3,4!"^[101] Oi! band's lyrics sought to reflect the harsh realities of living in Margaret Thatcher's Britain in the late 1970s and early 1980s.^[102] A subgroup of Oi! bands dubbed "punk pathetique"—including Splodgenessabounds, Peter and the Test Tube Babies, and Toy Dolls—had a more humorous and absurdist bent. Oi! is a working class street-level subgenre of punk rock that originated in the United Kingdom in the 1970s. ... Image File history File links Cock_Sparrer_Where_are_they_Now. ... Software development stages In computer programming, development stage terminology expresses how the development of a piece of software has progressed and how much further development it may require. ... Cock Sparrer (initially Cock Sparrow) is a punk rock band from East London. ... Shock Troops is the debut album by punk rock band Cock Sparrer, released in 1982 on Carrere Records. ... Image File history File links The_Exploited_Punks_not_dead. ... Software development stages In computer programming, development stage terminology expresses how the development of a piece of software has progressed and how much further development it may require. ... The Exploited ( ) are a punk rock band from the second wave of UK punk, formed in late 1979 or early 1980. ... Punks Not Dead is the debut album by the punk band The Exploited, which was released in 1981 through Secret Records. ... Cock Sparrer (initially Cock Sparrow) is a punk rock band from East London. ... Sham 69 are an English punk rock band from Hersham, Surrey. ... The Cockney Rejects are an Oi! punk band which formed in the East End of London in 1979. ... The Angelic Upstarts were a staunchly anti-fascist, anti-police, pro-IRA, Socialist working class oi! punk band of late 1970s and early 1980s. ... The Exploited ( ) are a punk rock band from the second wave of UK punk, formed in late 1979 or early 1980. ... The 4-Skins were an Oi! band formed in the late 1970s at Waterloo, and disbanded in 1984. ... The term working class is used to denote a social class. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... Sounds was a British music magazine, published weekly from October 10, 1970 – April 6, 1991. ... Garry Bushell Garry Bushell (born May 13, 1955 in Charlton , South East London) is an English television critic, television presenter, and newspaper columnist. ... Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG, OM, PC (born October 13, 1925), former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, in office from 1979 to 1990. ... Punk Pathetique is a sub-variant of Punk Rock termed by Garry Bushell. ... Splodgenessabounds were a United Kingdom punk band. ... Peter and the Test Tube Babies are a punk rock band formed around Brighton in 1977 and still touring today. ... Olga Algar live on stage in 2005 The Toy Dolls are a British punk rock band. ...

Cover art for The 4-Skins' The Good, The Bad & The 4-Skins LP

The Oi! movement was fueled by a sense that many participants in the early punk scene were, in the words of The Business guitarist Steve Kent, "trendy university people using long words, trying to be artistic...and losing touch".^[103] The Oi! credo held that the music needed to remain unpretentious and accessible.^[70] According to Bushell, "Punk was meant to be of the voice of the dole queue, and in reality most of them were not. But Oi was the reality of the punk mythology. In the places where [these bands] came from, it was harder and more aggressive and it produced just as much quality music."^[104] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The 4-Skins were an Oi! band formed in the late 1970s at Waterloo, and disbanded in 1984. ... The Business is a UK based Oi! band formed in the late 1970s. ... Unemployment benefits are sums of money given to the unemployed by the government or a compulsory para-governmental insurance system. ...

Most Oi! bands in the initial wave were apolitical or left wing.^[105] However, many Oi! bands began to attract a Nazi skinhead following, even though the bands did not support their politics. Although racist skinheads sometimes disrupted Oi! concerts by shouting fascist slogans and starting fights, some Oi! bands were reluctant to endorse criticism of their fans from what they perceived as the "middle-class establishment".^[106] In the popular imagination, the movement thus became associated with the far right.^[107] On July 3, 1981, a concert at Hamborough Tavern in Southall featuring The Business, The 4-Skins, and The Last Resort was firebombed by local Asian youths who mistakenly believed that the event was a neo-Nazi gathering.^[108] Following the Southall riot, press coverage increasingly associated Oi! with the extreme right, and the movement soon began to lose momentum.^[109] In politics, left-wing, political left, leftism, or simply the left, are terms that refer (with no particular precision) to the segment of the political spectrum typically associated with any of several strains of socialism, social democracy, or liberalism (especially but not exclusively in the American sense of the word... A Nazi skinhead from Germany Nazi skinheads are a far right subculture that developed in the United Kingdom around the late 1970s. ... The middle class, in colloquial usage, consists of those people who have a degree of economic independence, but not a great deal of social influence or power. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into far right. ... July 3 is the 184th day of the year (185th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 181 days remaining. ... Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... Gurdwara Sri Guru Singh Sabha, Southall, UK. Southall Broadway, November 2005 Glassy Junction pub, November 2005 For people named Southall, see Southall (surname) Southall (Middlesex) is a London suburb in the London Borough of Ealing. ... The terms Neo-Nazism and Neo-Fascism refer to any social or political movement to revive Nazism or Fascism, respectively, and postdates the Second World War. ...

Anarcho-punk

For more details on this topic, see Anarcho-punk.

Crass were the originators of anarcho-punk.^[110] Their all-black militaristic dress became a staple of the genre.

Anarcho-punk developed alongside the Oi! and American hardcore movements. With a primitive, stripped-down musical style and ranting, shouted vocals, British bands such as Crass, Subhumans, Flux of Pink Indians, Conflict, Poison Girls, and The Apostles attempted to transform the punk rock scene into a full-blown anarchist movement. As with straight edge, anarcho-punk is based around a set of principles, including prohibitions on wearing leather, and promoting a vegetarian or vegan diet.^[111] The anarchy symbol commonly used by anarcho-punks Anarcho-punk (sometimes known as peace-punk) is a subgenre of the punk rock movement consisting of groups and bands promoting specifically anarchist ideas. ... Crass photo by G Burnett This image is copyrighted and is not licenced under the GFDL. The licence holder allows anyone to use it for any non-commercial purpose, provided that the photographer Graham Burnett is credited File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old... Crass photo by G Burnett This image is copyrighted and is not licenced under the GFDL. The licence holder allows anyone to use it for any non-commercial purpose, provided that the photographer Graham Burnett is credited File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old... For information about the anarchist writer see Chris Crass Crass was an influential English anarchist punk rock band. ... For information about the anarchist writer see Chris Crass Crass was an influential English anarchist punk rock band. ... The Subhumans are an anarcho-punk band formed in the Trowbridge area of Wiltshire, UK in 1980. ... Flux Of Pink Indians was a anarcho-punk/Post punk band that originated from Bishops Stortford, Hertfordshire, England. ... Conflicts logo as originally designed by Nihilistic Nobody Conflict is an anarcho-punk band originally based around Eltham in South London. ... Poison Girls preforming at the squatted Zig Zag Club in London, 18th December 1982 The Poison Girls were a British anarcho-punk band. ... The Apostles are an experimental punk rock band who developed within the confines of the 1980s Anarcho Punk scene in the UK, but did not necessarily adhere to the aesthetics of that movement. ... For animals adapted to eat primarily plants, sometimes referred to as vegetarian animals, see Herbivore. ... Hens kept in cramped conditions — the avoidance of animal suffering is the primary motivation of people who become vegans A vegan is a person who avoids the ingestion or use of animal products. ...

The movement spun off several subgenres of a similar political bent. Discharge, founded back in 1977, established D-beat in the early 1980s. Other groups in the movement, led by Amebix and Antisect, developed the extreme style known as crust punk. Several of these bands rooted in anarcho-punk such as The Varukers, Discharge, and Amebix, along with former Oi! groups such as The Exploited and bands from father afield like Birmingham's Charged GBH, became the leading figures in the UK 82 hardcore movement. The anarcho-punk scene also spawned bands such as Napalm Death and Extreme Noise Terror that in the mid-1980s defined the heavily distorted grindcore style, a close relative of the early death metal sound.^[112] Discharge is an influential Hardcore punk band. ... D-beat is a drum beat, specifically a fast rock beat unique to hardcore punk, especially in its UK and European variants. ... Amebix, formed in England in 1978, were a band that many consider to have started the sub genre crust punk. ... Antisect were an anarcho-punk (and eventually crust punk) band formed in 1982 in Daventry, Northamptonshire, UK. Their debut album, was released in 1983 on Flux Of Pink Indians Spiderleg Records label and reached number 4 in the indie album charts. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Varukers are a hardcore punk band formed in 1979, . The band has gone through many line-up changes over the years with the only constant member being Rat on vocals. ... The band in 1996. ... Napalm Death is a grindcore/death metal band formed in the village of Meriden near Birmingham, England in 1982 by Nicholas Bullen and Miles Ratledge. ... ENT Logo Extreme Noise Terror (often abbreviated to ENT) is a crust, grindcore, and deathgrind band originally from Ipswich, England. ... Grindcore, often shortened to grind, is an evolution of crust punk, most commonly associated with death metal, a very different, though similarly extreme, style of music. ... Death metal is an extreme metal subgenre. ...

Pop punk

For more details on this topic, see Pop punk.

With their love of the Beach Boys and late 1960s bubblegum pop, the Ramones paved the way to what would become known as pop punk.^[113] In the late 1970s, UK bands such as Buzzcocks and The Undertones (the latter strongly influenced by glam rock) combined pop-style tunes and lyrical themes with punk's speed and chaotic edge.^[114] In the early 1980s, some of the leading bands in southern California's hardcore punk scene emphasized a more melodic approach than was typical of their peers. According to music journalist Ben Myers, Bad Religion "layered their pissed off, politicized sound with the smoothest of harmonies"; Descendents "wrote almost surfy, Beach Boys–inspired songs about girls and food and being young(ish)".^[115] Epitaph Records, founded by members of Bad Religion, was the base for many future pop punk bands, including NOFX, with their third wave ska–influenced skate punk rhythms. Bands that fused punk rock with pop melodies, such as The Queers and Screeching Weasel, began appearing around the country, in turn influencing bands such as Green Day, who brought pop punk to the mainstream. Bands such as The Vandals and Guttermouth developed a style blending pop melodies with humorous and offensive lyrics. The mainstream pop punk of latter-day bands such as blink-182 is criticized by many punk devotees; in critic Christine Di Bella's words, "It's punk taken to its most accessible point, a point where it barely reflects its lineage at all, except in the three-chord song structures."^[116] Pop punk is used for two separate subgenres of punk rock music: the kind typically found on Lookout! Records, which stray very little from the three-chord formula that The Ramones pioneered, as well as a newer subgenre of melodic, more emotional punk, which includes by bands like NOFX and... The Beach Boys, originally the Beech Boys, a small team of four brothers from the south of Poland, emigrated to America in the early 1950s in search of a fortune to be made in the Arizonian logging industry. When it soon became evident they had been the victims of... The current version of this article or section is written in an informal style and with a personally invested tone. ... The Ramones were an American rock band often regarded as the first punk rock group. ... Buzzcocks are an English punk rock band formed in Leigh, Manchester in 1975[1], led by singer/songwriter/guitarist Pete Shelley for nearly their entire existence. ... The picture cover of the Undertones 1979 Youve Got My Number (Why Dont You Use It!) single The Undertones are an Northern Irish rock band formed in Londonderry, Northern Ireland in 1975. ... David Bowie as Glam superstar Ziggy Stardust on the cover of his 1973 Album Aladdin Sane Glam rock (also known as glitter rock), is a style of rock and roll music, which initially surfaced in the post-Hippie early 1970s. ... For popular forms of music in general, see Popular music. ... Ben Myers (born 1976 in Durham, UK) is an author, music journalist and record label owner. ... Bad Religion is an influential punk rock band that was originally formed in Southern California in 1980 by Jay Bentley (bass), Greg Graffin (vocals), Brett Gurewitz (guitars) and Jay Ziskrout (drums). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Epitaph Records is a Hollywood, California based record label owned by Bad Religion guitarist Brett Gurewitz. ... NOFX is a skate punk band from the San Francisco Bay Area, California, formed in 1983. ... Third wave ska is a musical genre derived from the fusion of Jamaican ska with various American and British styles of music, such as 2 Tone, rock music, punk rock, hardcore and jazz. ... Skate punk (also known as skatepunk, skate-punk, skate-thrash, or skate-core) was originally a derivative of hardcore punk, so named because of its popularity among skateboarders, and the fact that many members of skate punk bands were themselves skaters. ... Rhythm (Greek = flow, or in Modern Greek, style) is the variation of the length and accentuation of a series of sounds or other events. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Screeching Weasel was an American punk band from Chicago, Illinois. ... Green Day is an American rock band band comprising three core members: Billie Joe Armstrong (guitar, lead vocals), Mike Dirnt (bass, backing vocals) and Tré Cool (drums). ... The Vandals are an American punk rock band formed in 1980 in Huntington Beach, California and currently recording for Kung Fu Records. ... Guttermouth is an American punk rock band formed in 1989 in Huntington Beach, California and currently recording for Volcom Entertainment. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...

Other fusions and directions

From 1977 forward, punk crossed lines with many other popular music genres. Los Angeles punk bands laid the groundwork for a wide variety of styles: The Flesh Eaters with deathrock; The Plugz with Chicano punk; and Gun Club with punk blues. The Meteors, from South London, and The Cramps, from New York by way of Cleveland, were innovators in the psychobilly fusion style. Social Distortion, from southern California, helped spark the related punkabilly form. Milwaukee's Violent Femmes jumpstarted the American folk punk scene, while The Pogues did the same on the other side of the Atlantic, influencing many Celtic punk bands. The Mekons, from Leeds, combined their punk ethos with country music, greatly influencing the later alt-country movement. In the United States, varieties of cowpunk played by bands such as Nashville's Jason & the Scorchers and Arizona's Meat Puppets had a similar effect. The Flesh Eaters 1980: Chris D., DJ Bonebrake, Dave Alvin, John Doe, Steve Berlin, Bill Bateman The Flesh Eaters are a Los Angeles deathrock band whose peak of popularity was in the late 1970s and early 80s. ... Deathrock (also spelled death rock) is a term used to identify a subgenre of punk rock or goth, which incorporated elements of horror and first emerged most prominently in the West Coast of the United States during the late 1970s and early 1980s. ... The Plugz were a punk rock band from Los Angeles, California that formed in 1978. ... Los Lobos Chicano rock or Latin rock is rock music performed by Mexican American groups or music with themes derived from Chicano culture. ... The Gun Club were a rock band from Los Angeles in the 1980s led by flamboyant singer/guitarist, ex-rock critic Jeffrey Lee Pierce. ... Punk blues is a Post-punk interpretation of Blues and Swamp rock. ... ... South London area South London (known colloquially as South of the River) is the area of London south of the River Thames. ... The Cramps are a punk rock band originally formed in 1972. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Social Distortion (sometimes referred to as simply Social D) are an influential punk rock band formed in 1978 by frontman Mike Ness. ... Punkabilly is a mix of punk rock from the 1970s, and rockabilly. ... This article is about the band. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Pogues are a popular band of mixed Irish and English background, playing traditional Irish folk with influences from the English punk movement. ... Seattles Mill a h-Uile Rud play tuneful hardcore punk sung entirely in Scots Gaelic Celtic punk, also known as Paddybeat and Celtcore, is a genre of music typically associated with Irish punks or punks from the Irish diaspora, though other Celtic nationalities, such as Scottish, Manx and Welsh... Leeds is a major city in West Yorkshire, England. ... Alternative country can refer to several ideas. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Nickname: Location in Davidson County and the state of Tennessee Coordinates: Country United States State Tennessee Counties Davidson County Founded: 1779 Incorporated: 1806 Government  - Mayor Bill Purcell (D) Area  - City  526. ... Jason & The Scorchers were an Alt country band led by Jason Ringenberg whose sound combined punk with country music. ... The Meat Puppets are an American rock band formed in January 1980, in Paradise Valley, Arizona. ...

Other bands pointed punk toward future rock styles or its own foundations. New York's Suicide, who'd played with the New York Dolls at the Mercer Arts Center, and L.A.'s The Screamers and Nervous Gender were pioneers of synthpunk. Chicago's Big Black was a major influence on noise rock, math rock, and industrial rock. Garage punk bands from all over—such as Medway's Thee Mighty Caesars, Chicago's Dwarves, and Adelaide's Exploding White Mice—pursued a version of punk that was close to its roots in 1960s garage rock. Seattle's Mudhoney, one of the seminal grunge bands, has been described as "garage punk".^[117] Suicide is an American rock music group intermittently active since 1971 and composed of Alan Vega (vocals) and Martin Rev (synthesizers and drum machines). ... The Screamers were a punk rock group active in the Los Angeles, California area in the late 1970s. ... Nervous Gender was a punk band founded in Los Angeles, California in 1978 by Gerardo Velazquez, Edward Stapleton, Phranc and Michael Ochoa. ... Big Black was a rock band founded in Chicago, Illinois and active between 1982 and 1987. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Industrial rock is a musical genre which is a fusion of industrial music and rock music. ... Medway is the name given to a conurbation in the north of Kent, England. ... Billy Childish (real name William Charlie Hamper, or Steven John Hamper) (born December 1, 1959) is an artist, singer, and guitarist, hailing from Chatham in Kent, England. ... A recent iteration of The Dwarves The Dwarves are a punk rock band, formed in Chicago, Illinois as The Suburban Nightmare in the late 1980s. ... Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth largest city in Australia, with a population of over 1. ... Mudhoney is a grunge band, formed in Seattle in 1988. ... Grunge music (sometimes also referred to as the Seattle Sound) is an independent-rooted music genre that became a commercially successful offshoot of hardcore punk, thrash metal, and alternative rock in the late 1980s and early 1990s. ...

Legacy and later developments

Alternative rock

For more details on this topic, see Alternative rock.

The underground punk movement produced countless bands that either evolved from a punk rock sound, or applied its spirit and DIY ethics to very different kinds of music. During the early 1980s, British bands like New Order and The Cure developed new musical styles based in post-punk and New Wave. American bands such as Hüsker Dü and their protégés The Replacements bridged the gap between punk genres like hardcore and the more expansive sound of what at the time was called "college rock".^[118] Alternative rock (also called alternative music or simply alternative; known primarily in the UK as indie) is a genre of rock music that emerged in the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s. ... Image File history File links Husker_Du_-_Celebrated_Summer. ... Software development stages In computer programming, development stage terminology expresses how the development of a piece of software has progressed and how much further development it may require. ... Hüsker Dü were a rock band formed in Minneapolis-St. ... New Day Rising is a 1985 hardcore punk album by the Minnesota band Hüsker Dü, released on SST Records. ... Software development stages In computer programming, development stage terminology expresses how the development of a piece of software has progressed and how much further development it may require. ... About a Girl is a song by the American grunge band, Nirvana. ... Nirvana was an American rock band originating from Aberdeen, Washington. ... Bleach was the debut album by Nirvana, released in June 1989 through Sub Pop. ... The Cure are an English rock band formed in Crawley, Sussex in 1976, widely seen as one of the leading pioneers of the British alternative rock scene of the 1980s. ... Hüsker Dü were a rock band formed in Minneapolis-St. ... The Replacements (also known as The Mats or The Mats, from the insult of a detractor who joked the bands name was The Placemats, which the band then adopted) were a seminal alternative rock band from Minneapolis, Minnesota. ... In the USA, college rock was a term used to describe 1980s alternative rock before the term alternative came into common usage. ...

Sonic Youth performing in Stockholm in 2005

A 1985 Rolling Stone feature on the likes of Black Flag, Hüsker Dü, Minutemen, and The Replacements declared, "Primal punk is passé. The best of the American punk rockers have moved on. They have learned how to play their instruments. They have discovered melody, guitar solos and lyrics that are more than shouted political slogans. Some of them have even discovered the Grateful Dead."^[119] By the end of the 1980s, these bands, who had largely eclipsed their punk forebears in popularity, were classified broadly as alternative rock. Alternative rock encompasses a diverse set of styles—including indie rock, gothic rock, and grunge, among others—unified by their debt to punk rock and their origins outside of the musical mainstream.^[120] ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2400x1600, 333 KB) Kim Gordon and Thurston Moore of Sonic Youth live at Accelerator, Münchenbryggeriet, Stockholm, Sweden, 2005-07-07. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2400x1600, 333 KB) Kim Gordon and Thurston Moore of Sonic Youth live at Accelerator, Münchenbryggeriet, Stockholm, Sweden, 2005-07-07. ... Sonic Youth is a seminal American alternative rock group formed in New York City in 1981. ... This article is about the magazine. ... The Grateful Dead was an American rock band formed in 1965 in San Francisco, California. ... Alternative rock (also called alternative music or simply alternative; known primarily in the UK as indie) is a genre of rock music that emerged in the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s. ... Indie rock is a subgenre of rock music often used to refer to bands that are on small independent record labels or that arent on labels at all. ... Gothic rock (sometimes called goth rock or simply, goth) is a genre of rock music that originated during the late 1970s. ... Grunge (sometimes referred to as the Seattle Sound) is a genre of alternative rock inspired by hardcore punk, heavy metal, and indie rock. ...

As alternative bands like Sonic Youth, who had grown out of the No Wave scene, and Boston's Pixies started to gain larger audiences, major labels sought to capitalize on a market that had been building underground for the past ten years.^[121] In 1991, Nirvana emerged out of Washington State's grunge music scene, achieving huge commercial success with their second album, Nevermind. The band cited punk as a key influence on their style.^[122] "Punk is musical freedom," wrote singer Kurt Cobain. "It’s saying, doing, and playing what you want".^[123] Nirvana's success fueled the alternative rock boom that had been underway since the late 1980s and helped define that segment of 1990s popular music.^[120] The resulting shift in popular taste is chronicled in the film 1991: The Year Punk Broke, which features Nirvana, Dinosaur Jr, and Sonic Youth.^[124] Sonic Youth is a seminal American alternative rock group formed in New York City in 1981. ... The Pixies[1] are an American alternative rock band formed in Boston, Massachusetts in 1985. ... Nirvana was an American rock band originating from Aberdeen, Washington. ... Nevermind is the seminal second studio album from the American rock band Nirvana. ... 1991: The Year Punk Broke was a 1992 documentary directed by Dave Markey showcasing a late 1991 European tour of a number of punk and punk-inspired bands. ... Dinosaur Jr are an American alternative rock band. ...

Queercore and riot grrrl

For more details on these topics, see Queercore and Riot Grrrl.

In the 1990s, some punk bands with gay members—such as Fifth Column, God Is My Co-Pilot, Pansy Division, Team Dresch, and Sister George—developed the queercore movement. Although queercore originated in the punk scene (inspired by openly gay punk musicians of an earlier generation), it has expanded to include various music styles, such as hardcore, indie rock, power pop, no wave, noise, experimental and industrial. Queercore lyrics often deal with themes such as prejudice, sexual identity, gender identity and individual rights either in a humorous or more serious manner. Queercore is a cultural and social movement that began in the mid 1980s as an offshoot of punk. ... Riot grrrl (or riot grrl) is an indie-punk feminist movement that reached its height in the 1990s but continues to exert influence over alternative cultures. ... GAY can mean: Gay, a term referring to homosexual men or women The IATA code for Gaya Airport Category: ... A fifth column is a group of people which clandestinely undermines a larger group to which it is expected to be loyal, such as a nation. ... God Is My Co-Pilot is a queercore band from New York City that has been recording and playing since 1991. ... Pansy Division is a punk band that was a founding example of the queercore genre. ... Team Dresch are a queercore band who performed and recorded in the 1990s and made a significant impression on that movement, as well as on the independent music scene. ... Sister George, named after the 1960s movie The Killing of Sister George, were an influential and important band from London. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Indie rock is a subgenre of rock music often used to refer to bands that are on small independent record labels or that arent on labels at all. ... Power pop is a long-standing musical genre that draws its inspiration from 1960s British and American pop music. ... No Wave was a short-lived but influential music and art scene that thrived briefly in New York City during the late 1970s and early 1980s alongside the punk scene there. ... Noise music is a sub-genre of experimental music constructed from noise as opposed to recognisable sound or pitches. ... For experimental rock music, see experimental rock. ... Sexual identity is the sex with which a person identifies, or is identified. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ...

In 1991, a concert billed as Love Rock Revolution Girl Style Now at the International Pop Underground Convention in Olympia, Washington heralded the emerging riot grrrl phenomenon.^[125] The concert lineup included only female-led bands, such as Bikini Kill, Bratmobile and Heavens to Betsy. Bikini Kill's lead singer Kathleen Hanna, the iconic figure of riot grrrl, moved on to the electro art punk band Le Tigre. Singer-guitarists Corin Tucker of Heavens to Betsy and Carrie Brownstein of Excuse 17, a band active in both the queercore and riot grrrl scenes, later cofounded the indie rock/punk band Sleater-Kinney. Coordinates: County Thurston County Incorporated January 28, 1859 Government  - Mayor Mark Foutch Area  - City 48. ... Bikini Kill was a punk band of the Riot Grrrl movement formed in Olympia, Washington in October of 1990. ... Bratmobile was an American punk band. ... Heavens to Betsy was an all girl punk rock band from Olympia, Washington. ... Kathleen Hanna (b. ... Electroclash describes a style of fashion, music, and attitude that fuses New Wave, punk, & electronic dance music with somewhat campy and absurdist post-industrial detachment in addition to vampy and/or camp sexuality (what the hell does that even mean?). The movement combines the 1980s electropop/New Wave/Italo disco... This does not cite any references or sources. ... Le Tigre (album) Le Tigre (shirt) Le Tigre is a feminist electro post-punk band formed in 1998 by Kathleen Hanna. ... Corin Tucker is a singer and guitarist from the rock band Sleater-Kinney. ... Carrie Brownstein Carrie Brownstein (born September 27, 1974), is an American musician and actress. ... Excuse 17 is a punk rock queercore band from Olympia, Washington that performed and recorded in the mid 1990s. ... Indie rock is a subgenre of rock music often used to refer to bands that are on small independent record labels or that arent on labels at all. ... Sleater-Kinney are an indie rock trio from Olympia, Washington influenced by the riot grrrl movement of the 1990s. ...

Emo

For more details on this topic, see Emo (music).

In its original incarnation, the term emo was used to describe a subgenre of hardcore punk that originated in the Washington, DC in the mid 1980s. The term emo derived from the fact that band members sometimes became strongly emotional during performances. Notable early emo bands included Rites of Spring, Embrace and One Last Wish. Starting in the mid-1990s, the term emo began to be applied to bands who were influenced by Fugazi, a band started by former members of Embrace. Bands such as Sunny Day Real Estate and Texas Is the Reason performed a more indie rock style of emo; more melodic and less chaotic than earlier emo music. Bands like Antioch Arrow played more intense emo that became known as screamo. When bands such as Sunny Day Real Estate and Jimmy Eat World started experiencing more commercial success, they were branded with the alternative rock label. Many underground music fans claim that typical latter-day emo bands barely qualify as punk at all.^[126] Emo is a genre of rock music. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... Rites of Spring was an punk band from Washington, D.C. in the mid-1980s known for their energetic, cathartic live performances. ... Embrace was a short-lived post-hardcore band from Washington, D.C., which lasted from the summer of 1985 to the spring of 1986. ... Michael Hampton - guitars, backing vocals Brendan Canty - drums Guy Picciotto - guitars, lead vocals Edward Janney - bass, backing vocals, lead vocals May 1986 - Jan 1987 Amidst the breakup of Rites of Spring in 1986, three of its four members - Picciotto, Janney and Canty - went on to form a new band after... Fugazi may refer to: an Italian slang term for something that is fake/not authentic. ... Sunny Day Real Estate or SDRE was an alternative rock band formed in Seattle, Washington. ... Texas Is the Reason was a musical group founded by former Shelter guitarist Norm Arenas and 108 drummer Chris Daly. ... Indie rock is a subgenre of rock music often used to refer to bands that are on small independent record labels or that arent on labels at all. ... Antioch Arrow, from California, was on the seminal hardcore/emo label Gravity Records, responsible for putting San Diego on the map in the mid-90s as one of the epicenters of the movement. ... Screamo is a musical genre which evolved from emo, hardcore punk in the early 1990s. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Alternative rock (also called alternative music or simply alternative; known primarily in the UK as indie) is a genre of rock music that emerged in the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s. ...

The punk revival

Along with Nirvana, many of the leading alternative rock artists of the early 1990s acknowledged earlier punk acts (both famous and obscure) as influences, helping to inspire a punk rock resurgence. In 1994, California punk bands like Green Day, The Offspring, Rancid and Bad Religion had substantial crossover success with the aid of MTV and popular radio stations like KROQ-FM.^[127] Although Green Day and Bad Religion were already on major labels, indie record companies like Epitaph also benefited from punk's revival. Green Day and The Offspring's enormous commercial success paved the way for bankable pop punk bands such as Blink-182, Simple Plan, Good Charlotte, and Sum 41 over the following decade. The Vans Warped Tour and the mall chain store Hot Topic brought punk even further into the U.S. cultural mainstream. The California punk scene is a regional punk rock music scene that started in the late 1970’s and still exists today. ... Green Day is an American rock band band comprising three core members: Billie Joe Armstrong (guitar, lead vocals), Mike Dirnt (bass, backing vocals) and Tré Cool (drums). ... The Offspring (sometimes referred to as simply Offspring) is a popular American band from Orange County, California which formed in 1984. ... Rancid is a punk band, formed in 1991 in Berkeley, California, by Matt Freeman and Tim Armstrong. ... Bad Religion is an influential punk rock band that was originally formed in Southern California in 1980 by Jay Bentley (bass), Greg Graffin (vocals), Brett Gurewitz (guitars) and Jay Ziskrout (drums). ... MTV (Music Television) is an American cable television network headquartered in New York City. ... KROQ-FM is a commercial radio station located in Los Angeles, California, broadcasting on 106. ... Epitaph Records is a Hollywood, California based record label owned by Bad Religion guitarist Brett Gurewitz. ... Pop punk is used for two separate subgenres of punk rock music: the kind typically found on Lookout! Records, which stray very little from the three-chord formula that The Ramones pioneered, as well as a newer subgenre of melodic, more emotional punk, which includes by bands like NOFX and... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... Simple Plan is a pop-punk band from Montreal, Quebec, Canada—all five members are French-Canadians who were born in the province of Quebec. ... Good Charlotte is a Pop Punk band from Waldorf, Maryland that formed in 1996. ... Sum 41 is a Canadian rock band from Ajax, Ontario. ... Warped Tour Logo Warped Tour is a touring music and extreme sports festival. ... McArthur Glen Designer Outlet, Swindon, England, a shopping mall built within a disused railway engine works. ... Chain stores are a range of retail outlets which share a brand and central management, usually with standardised business methods and practices. ... Hot Topic (NASDAQ: HOTT) is an American company that operates chain stores aimed at teenagers and young adults. ...

The Offspring in concert in 2001

Following the lead of Boston's Mighty Mighty Bosstones and Long Beach, California's Sublime, ska punk and ska-core became widely popular in the late 1990s. The original 2 Tone bands had emerged amid punk rock's second wave, but their music was much closer to its Jamaican roots—"ska at 78 rpm."^[128] Ska punk bands in the third wave of ska created a true musical fusion with punk and hardcore. The success of Rancid's 1995 album ...And Out Come the Wolves helped fuel this ska revival, and ska punk bands such as Reel Big Fish and Less Than Jake continued to attract fans into the 2000s. Other bands with roots in hardcore, such as AFI, also had chart-topping records in the new millennium. Celtic punk, with bands such as Flogging Molly and Dropkick Murphys merging the sound of Oi! and The Pogues, reached broad audiences. The Australian punk rock tradition continued with groups such as Frenzal Rhomb, The Living End, and Bodyjar. A growing number of bands bridged the divide between punk and the rock styles it had originally rebelled against: "The Hold Steady, The Constantines, and...Call Me Lightning have drawn from punk and classic-rock history in equal doses, merging the former's spitfire energy with the latter's sense of larger-than-life grandeur."^[129] This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... The Mighty Mighty Bosstones were a ska-core band from Boston, Massachusetts. ... Nickname: Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates: Country United States State California County Los Angeles County Government  - Mayor Bob Foster Area  - City  65. ... Sublime was an American band from Long Beach, California. ... Ska punk is a fusion music genre that combines ska and punk rock. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... It has been suggested that Childrens gramophone records be merged into this article or section. ... The third wave of ska music (ska punk, skacore) arose in the 1990s in the United States. ... ...And Out Come the Wolves is an album by the punk rock band Rancid, released in August of 1995 (see 1995 in music). ... Reel Big Fish is an American third wave ska band, best known for the 1997 hit Sell Out. ... Less Than Jake is an American ska punk band from Gainesville, Florida, originally formed in 1992 as a punk trio with heavy punk rock influences. ... AFI, in recent years short for A Fire Inside, is an American band from Ukiah, California. ... Flogging Molly is a seven-piece Irish American Celtic punk band, that formed in Los Angeles and is currently signed under SideOneDummy Records. ... Dropkick Murphys are a celtic punk band formed in Quincy, Massachusetts, USA.[1] First playing together in the basement of a friends barbershop, they blended Oi!, Irish music, and hardcore. ... Frenzal Rhomb is an Australian punk band that formed in 1991, based in the city of Sydney. ... For other uses of the term, see The Living End (disambiguation). ... Bodyjar is an Australian punk rock band based in Melbourne, which has been together since 1994, when they changed their name from Helium. The groups album, How It Works, reached the top 20 on the Australian ARIAnet albums chart in 2000. ... Craig Finn, Guitar/Vocalist The Hold Steady are a Brooklyn-based musical group, although the members are from Minneapolis; something that is frequently reflected in the groups lyrics. ... The Constantines are an indie rock band from Guelph, Ontario, Canada. ...

With punk's renewed visibilty came concerns among some in the punk community that the music was being co-opted by the mainstream.^[127] Committed participants in the scene argued that by signing to major labels and appearing on MTV, punk bands like Green Day were buying into the system that punk was created to challenge.^[130] Many punk fans "despise 'corporate punk rock', typified by bands such as Sum 41 and Blink 182".^[131] Such controversies have been part of the punk phenomenon since The Clash were widely accused of "selling out" when they signed with CBS Records in 1977.^[132] By the 1990s, punk rock was sufficiently ingrained in Western culture that punk trappings were often used to market highly commercial bands as rebels. Marketers capitalized on the style and its connotations of hipness to such an extent that a 1993 ad campaign for an automobile, the Subaru Impreza, claimed that the car was "like punk rock".^[133] Although the commercial mainstream has exploited many elements of punk, numerous underground punk scenes still exist around the world. Columbia Records is the oldest brand name in recorded sound, dating back to 1888, and was the first record company to produce pre-recorded records as opposed to blank cylinders. ... The Subaru Impreza is a compact car that was first introduced by Subaru in 1993. ...

See also

• List of punk bands

The following is a list of notable bands that have been labelled as punk at some point. ...

Footnotes

UNCUT Special Issue on Queen. ... The current BBC News logo BBC News and Current Affairs is a major arm of the BBC responsible for the corporations newsgathering and production of news programmes on BBC television, radio and online. ... August 18 is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... January 17 is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... January 17 is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... July 12 is the 193rd day of the year (194th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... 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December 17 is the 351st day of the year (352nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... UNCUT Special Issue on Queen. ... This article is about the magazine. ... April 5 is the 95th day of the year (96th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Stargate SG-1 episode, see 1969 (Stargate SG-1). ... January 11 is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... December 26 is the 360th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar, 361st in leap years. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... The current BBC News logo BBC News and Current Affairs is a major arm of the BBC responsible for the corporations newsgathering and production of news programmes on BBC television, radio and online. ... October 16 is the 289th day of the year (290th in leap years). ... 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February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... July 11, 2005 (Monday) The Indonesian government asks TV stations to close down between 1 am and 5 am daily for six months in order to save energy after recent increases in the price of crude oil. ... January 21 is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... The All Music Guide (AMG) is a metadata database about music owned by All Media Guide. ... January 17 is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... The All Music Guide (AMG) is a metadata database about music owned by All Media Guide. ... January 7 is the 7th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... The All Music Guide (AMG) is a metadata database about music owned by All Media Guide. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... The All Music Guide (AMG) is a metadata database about music owned by All Media Guide. ... PopMatters is an international magazine of cultural criticism. ... January 15 is the 15th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... December 30 is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 1 day remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... 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Michael Azerrad is an American author, journalist and musician. ... Our Band Could Be Your Life: Scenes from the American Indie Underground, 1981-1991 is a book by Michael Azerrad (ISBN 0-316-78753-1). ... Julie Burchill (born July 3, 1959 in Frenchay, Bristol) is a British journalist and author, renowned for her invective and often contentious prose. ... Tony Parsons (born 1955) is a British journalist and author. ... A media theorist, most commonly associated with the study of universal subcultures, and the presentation of rebellion against the mainstreams of society. ... Naomi Klein (born May 5, 1970 [1]) is a Canadian journalist, author and activist. ... Front cover of No Logo. ... John Joseph Lydon (born January 31, 1956), also known as Johnny Rotten, is an English rock musician. ... Greil Marcus (2006) Greil Marcus (born 1945) is an American author, music journalist and cultural critic. ... Co-Founder and writer of Punk Magazine, Legs McNeil was also a features editor at Spin magazine and editor in chief of Nerve. ... Ben Myers (born 1976 in Durham, UK) is an author, music journalist and record label owner. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Jon Savage real name Jonathan Sage (born 1953) is a writer, broadcaster and music journalist, best known for his award winning history of the Sex Pistols and punk music, Englands Dreaming (1991). ... Steven Wells is a journalist and author. ...

External links

• PunkRock.org
• A History of Punk
• Southend Punk Rock History
• Punk 77 History of UK punk
• Punk Band List Bands With Punk Spirit
• Biographys, news, reviews, and lyrics
• Hardcorepunk.org Interviews with punk rock bands.