Puntland أرض البنط
Flag Coat of arms
Motto None
Anthem Puntland Somali National Anthem
Capital		Garowe (Administrative), Bosaso (Commercial)
Largest city		Bosaso
Official languages		Somali and Arabic
Government
-	President	Mohamud Muse Hersi
-	Vice-President	Hassan Dahir Mohamud
Autonomy		Inside Somalia
-	Declared	1998
-	Recognition
Area
-	Total	212,510 km km² (84th) n/a sq mi
-	Water (%)	Negl.
Population
-	2003 estimate	2,400,000 [1] (140th)
-	Density	11.3 [2] /km² (205th) n/a /sq mi
GDP (PPP)		- estimate
-	Total	n/a (not ranked)
-	Per capita	n/a (not ranked)
HDI (-)		n/a (n/a) (unranked)
Currency		Somali shilling (SOS)
Time zone		EAT (UTC+3)
-	Summer (DST)	not observed (UTC+3)
Internet TLD		.so
Calling code		+252 (Somalia)

Puntland is a region in northeastern Somalia, centered on Garowe (Nugaal region), whose leaders in 1998 declared it to be an autonomous state. The current government apparently sees the move as an attempt to reconstitute Somalia as a federative republic. Unlike neighbouring Somaliland, it does not seek outright independence from Somalia. The name is derived from the Land of Punt mentioned by ancient Egyptian sources, which is believed by some to have existed in what is now Somalia. Image File history File links Flag_of_Somalia. ... Image File history File links Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia. ... Flag ratio: ~2:3 The flag of Somalia was adopted on October 12, 1954. ... The Coat of arms of Somalia was adopted in 1956. ... A motto (from Italian) is a phrase or a short list of words meant formally to describe the general motivation or intention of an entity, social group, or organization. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is evoking and eulogizing the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a nations government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... This article is about a city that serves as a center of government and politics. ... Garōwe, also spelled Garoowe and Garowe, is the capital city of Puntland, Somalia. ... Bosaaso (formerly Bander Qassim) is the fourth largest city in Somalia and the main port of Somalia since the start of the Somali Civil War in 1991. ... Bosaaso (formerly Bander Qassim) is the fourth largest city in Somalia and the main port of Somalia since the start of the Somali Civil War in 1991. ... An official language is a language that is given a unique legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ... List of Presidents of Puntland See also: List of Presidents of Somalia, List of incumbents Categories: Lists of office-holders ... REDIRECT Mohamud Muse Hersi Adde ... A vice president is an officer in government or business who is next in rank below a president. ... Look up autonomy, autonomous in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Area is a physical quantity expressing the size of a part of a surface. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here surface areas between 100,000 km² and 1,000,000 km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... A percentage is a way of expressing a proportion, a ratio or a fraction as a whole number, by using 100 as the denominator. ... This is a list of countries ordered according to population. ... Population density by country, 2006 Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... Population density by country, 2006 List of countries and dependencies by population density in inhabitants/km². The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories that are recognized by the United Nations. ... The Purchasing power parity (PPP) theory was developed by Gustav Cassel in 1920. ... Map of world GDP (PPP) by country using the IMF list for 2005 There are three lists of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year). ... Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head. ... Map of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita, based on the 2005 IMF data. ... World map indicating Human Development Index (2004). ... Coloured world map indicating Human Development Index (2004) This is a list of countries by Human Development Index as included in the United Nations Development Programmes Human Development Report 2006, compiled on the basis of 2004 data. ... The Somali shilling (shilin soomaali) is the currency used in the African nation of Somalia. ... ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ... A time zone is a region of the Earth that has adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... Time zones of Africa: Striped colours indicate countries observing daylight saving East Africa Time, or EAT, is a time zone used in eastern Africa. ... Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is a high-precison atomic time standard. ... Though DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is a high-precison atomic time standard. ... A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is a top-level domain used and reserved for a country or a dependent territory. ... .so is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Somalia. ... This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E.164. ... Garōwe, also spelled Garoowe and Garowe, is the capital city of Puntland, Somalia. ... The Horn of Africa as seen from the NASA Space Shuttle, in May of 1993. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... The Federal Republic of Germany and its sixteen Bundesländer (federal states) A federal republic is a federation of states with a republican form of government. ... Motto لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله  (Arabic) Lā ilāhā illā-llāhu; muhammadun rasÅ«lu-llāhi  (transliteration) There is no God but Allah; Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah And also : Justice, Peace, Freedom, Democracy and Success for All Anthem Saamo ku waar Capital Hargeisa (1941-1960) (1991 - present) Official languages Somali and... The Land of Punt, which the Ancient Egyptians called Ta Netjeru, meaning Land of the Gods, was a fabled and exotic site in eastern Africa, which carried on extensive trade with Ancient Egypt, China and Arabia. ... Khafres Pyramid (4th dynasty) and Great Sphinx of Giza (c. ...

History

Main article: History of Puntland

Puntland considers itself as an autonomous state within Somalia. In 1969, when Somalia's government was toppled in a coup d'état, years of war and chaos followed. An unsuccessful invasion of Ethiopia followed the Soviet Union's change of support from Somalia to Ethiopia, caused by the rise of a pro-Soviet government in Ethiopia. Left without Soviet support, Somalia turned to the United States, which allowed Somalia's self-proclaimed president, Siad Barre, to stay in power through the end of the Cold War in 1991. When the Soviet Union collapsed, American support for the Somali government was withdrawn, and Barre was overthrown. Puntland considers itself as an autonomous state within Somalia. ... // A coup dÉtat (pronounced ), or simply coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, often through illegal means by a part of the state establishment — mostly replacing just the high-level figures. ... Mohamed Siad Barre (Somali: Maxamed Siyaad Barre) (1919 – January 2, 1995) was the Head of State of Somalia from 1969 to 1991. ... For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ...

Following these events, Somalis remained without a strong government, with constant wars ravaging the southern part of Somalia. These events led to the 1991 secession of Somaliland, which in 1960 had enjoyed a few days of independence. Violence continued throughout the country, prompting a United Nations peacekeeping force to be sent to war-torn Somalia. The relief effort ended however on March 3, 1995, almost two years after the Battle of Mogadishu when two American helicopters were shot down and 18 soldiers were killed. Motto لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله  (Arabic) Lā ilāhā illā-llāhu; muhammadun rasÅ«lu-llāhi  (transliteration) There is no God but Allah; Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah And also : Justice, Peace, Freedom, Democracy and Success for All Anthem Saamo ku waar Capital Hargeisa (1941-1960) (1991 - present) Official languages Somali and... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... March 3 is the 62nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (63rd in leap years). ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Combatants USSOF, UNOSOM II Somali National Alliance-affiliated militias Commanders William F. Garrison Mohamed Farrah Aidid Strength 160 2,000+ Casualties U.S. 18 killed 73 wounded 1 captured Malaysia 1 killed 7 wounded Pakistan 2 wounded Militia and civilians 1,000+ killed 3,000+ wounded Task Force Ranger achieved...

Somalia remained unstable and, in 1998, Puntland declared its autonomy. Although it is a tribal-based separation under the presidency of Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed (deputy president of the Somali Salvation Democratic Front), it is a nation with clan confederation as one of its top priorities. Since 1998, Puntland has been in territorial disputes with Somaliland over the Sool and Sanaag regions. Yusuf was an army major when he sought political asylum in Ethiopia. He led the first group of resistance fighters belonging to Majeerteen tribe, whose ultimate goal was to free Somalia from dictatorship. Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed (Somali: ) (b. ... Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF) (in Somali: Jabhadda Diimuqraadiga Badbaadinta Soomaaliyeed, and initially known as the Democratic Front for Salvation of Somalia), has been one of the major political and paramilitary umbrella organizations in Somalia since its founding in 1981 by several officers opposed to the regime of Siad Barre. ... Location of Sool in Somaliland/Somalia Sool (Somali: Sool; Arabic: ‎ ) is an administrative region (gobolka) in northern Somalia and is claimed by the two self-proclaimed, but internationally unrecognized, states of Somaliland and Puntland, its ruled by Puntland. ... Location of Sanaag in Somaliland/Somalia Sanaag (Somali: Sanaag; Arabic: سناغ‎ Sanāgh) is a region (gobolka) in northern Somalia. ... The Majeerteen or Majerteen (Mohamed bin Harti bin Amaleh bin Abdi bin Mohammed bin Abdirahman al-Jaberti) is a Somali sub-clan. ...

Unlike the self-declared state of Somaliland, Puntland is not trying to obtain international recognition as a nation. It seeks to become a federal division within a united Somalia that is a federal republic. But the two so-called "lands" have one thing in common: they both base their support upon tribal elders and their way of organization along lines based on tribe and kinship. The Somali capital Mogadishu, and other southern cities, are said to have developed much less than cities in Puntland and Somaliland (e.g. Bosaso, Hargeisa, Las Anod, Garowe, etc.) These two self-declared independent regions obtain their economic and political support from Ethiopia, historically an adversary of Somalia. A state is a political association with effective dominion over a geographic area. ... Motto لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله  (Arabic) Lā ilāhā illā-llāhu; muhammadun rasÅ«lu-llāhi  (transliteration) There is no God but Allah; Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah And also : Justice, Peace, Freedom, Democracy and Success for All Anthem Saamo ku waar Capital Hargeisa (1941-1960) (1991 - present) Official languages Somali and... The Federal Republic of Germany and its sixteen Bundesländer (federal states) A federal republic is a federation of states with a republican form of government. ...

Puntland began experiencing political unrest in 2001 when President Ahmed wanted his term to be lengthened. Ahmed and Jama Ali Jama fought for control of the country, which Ahmed won in 2002. Ahmed served as president until October 2004 when he was elected President of Somalia. He was succeeded by Muhammad Abdi Hashi who served until January 2005 when he was defeated for re-election by Parliament, which elected General Mohamud Muse Hersi ("Adde"). In December 2004, Puntland sustained serious damage during the tsunami following the 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake. The international community has been accused of ignoring Puntland and other African areas where the tsunami struck. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... This page contains a list of the Presidents of Somalia. ... REDIRECT Mohamud Muse Hersi Adde ... The tsunami that struck Malé in the Maldives on December 26, 2004. ... The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, known by the scientific community as the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake,[1] was a great undersea earthquake that occurred at 00:58:53 UTC (07:58:53 local time) December 26, 2004 with an epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. ...

In November 2006, the Union of Islamic Courts reportedly captured Bandiiradley, a strategically located settlement near Puntland's border with Mudug. However, a spokesman for local warlord Abdi Hassan Awale Qeybdiid claimed that his troops had only made a tactical retreat from the area. Mohamed Mohamud Jama, a Mudug-based spokesman for the Islamic Courts, announced the courts' intention to march on Gaalkacyo, part of which is claimed by Puntland. Heretofore, the courts had avoided making incursions into Puntland.^[3] That same month, General Adde announced that he would rule according to Islamic law but in a different way from that of the Islamic Courts in order to avoid "politicizing religion." Adde then announced that Puntland would resist any attack made by the Islamic Courts. ^[4] The flag of the Supreme Islamic Courts Council The Supreme Islamic Courts Council (or Conservative Council of Islamic Courts), as the Islamist militia called itself by July 2006, was called the Islamic Courts Union before 24 June 2006 (ICU, Somali: Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga, Arabic: اتحاد المحاكم الإسلامية Ittihād al-mahākim al... Bandiiradley is one of the largest towns in Mudug region. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Gaalkacyo (also Galkayo, Galcayo, Galcaio) is the capital of the Mudug region of Somalia, and is divided into two zones. ...

Economy

Puntland has 1600km of coastline, which is abundant with fish and other natural marine resources. However, after the collapse of the Somali central government in 1991, the coast was left unguarded against foreign intruders. As a result, many ships equipped with heavy trawlers and other unlawful fishing equipment have worked in Puntland's territorial waters. These ships violate catch regulations, including some which keep their catch alive and stock them in waters where fishing has been depleted. Puntland's coastal authorities continue to receive complaints from local fishermen about the damage being done by these outsiders.

Puntland exports great quantities of fish types such as lobsters, dried fish, shark vines, and tuna.

In Lasqorey district there is a medium size fish processing plant that produces and processes great quantities of tuna fish. The products of Lasqorey fish factory reach commercial level, and its tuna are found throughout Puntland and also outside the region. A fish processing plant is also being constructed in Habo, which locals hope will reduce poverty and unemployment and improve the economy of the area.

Geography

Puntland occupies the following Regions of Somalia: The regions (gobolka) of Somalia are (capitals in parentheses): Awdal (*) (Baki) Bakool (Oddur) Banaadir (Mogadishu) Bari (Bender Cassim) Bay (Baidoa) Galguduud (Dusa Mareb) Gedo (Garbahaarey) Hiraan (Beledweyne) Jubbada Dhexe (Buaale) Jubbada Hoose (Kismaayo) Mudug (Galcaio) Nugaal (Garoowe) Sanaag (*) (Erigavo) Saaxil (*) (Berbera) Shabeellaha Dhexe (Giohar) Shabeellaha Hoose (Merca) Sool (*) (Laascaanood...

• Nugaal
  • Garoowe (State Capital)
  • Eyl
  • Burtinle
  • Dangorayo

• Bari
  • Bosaso (Regional/Commercial Capital/ largest city)
  • Carmooyin
  • Bali Dhidhin
  • Calula
  • Galgala
  • Hafun
  • Isku-Shuban
  • Qandala
  • Qodax

• 'Karkaar'
  • Qardho
  • Bandar Beyla
  • Dud hooye

Puntland has divided Bari into two regions, Bari in the north and Karkaar in the south.^[5] The Horn of Africa as seen from the NASA Space Shuttle, in May of 1993. ... Garoowe, also spelled Garōwe and Garowe, is the capital city of Puntland, Somalia. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Burtinle is one of the fast growing cities in Nugaal, it has a population of about 40,000. ... Bari is a region (gobolka) in northern Somalia. ... Bosaaso (formerly Bander Qassim) is the fourth largest city in Somalia and the main port of Somalia since the start of the Somali Civil War in 1991. ... Carmooyin, the third largest city of Bari region, and most recently founded city of Puntland, locates 98km south of Bosaso. ... Galgala is a small town in Sanaag region of Somalia. ... Hafun (Xaafuun) is a small low-lying peninsula in the Bari region of northern Somalia. ... it is small district located in Bari region, Puntland state, Somalia, about 10,000 inhabitants, it is about 150km south of Boosaaso, it is primarily inhabited by Mohamud Ali subclan of Leelkase. ... Qandala City is an ancient harbour, and like many other Somali ports on the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, may had been frequented by Phoenicians, Egyptians, Persians, Yemenis, Greeks and Roman sailors. ... Karkaar is the name of series of mountains in northeast Somalia. ... Qardho is a small, historic city in Somalia. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

• Mudug
  • (North) Gaalkacyo is the administrative centre.
  • Galdogob
  • Jiriiban

• Sanaag
  • Badhan (Regional Capital)
  • Hadaaftimo
  • Hingalol
  • Yube
  • Ceelaayo
  • Damala-Xagare
  • Ceelbuh
  • Carmale

• High-land
  • Las Khorey
  • Dhahar
  • Ceelaayo
  • GalGala
  • Buraan

• Sool
  • Laascaanood (Regional Capital)
  • Taleex
  • Yagoori
  • Xudun

• Cayn
  • Buuhoodle (Regional Capital)

"Ayn" is the name given by the Puntland government to the area they claim in southeastern Togdheer region.^[5] Location of Mudug in Somalia Mudug (Somali: Mudug; Arabic: ‎ ) is an administrative region (gobolka) in central Somalia. ... Gaalkacyo (also Galkayo, Galcayo, Galcaio) is the capital of the Mudug region of Somalia, and is divided into two zones. ... Galdogob is the second largest city in the Mudug region of Somalia. ... Location of Sanaag in Somaliland/Somalia Sanaag (Somali: Sanaag; Arabic: سناغ‎ Sanāgh) is a region (gobolka) in northern Somalia. ... Bâdhân (persian: باذان) is a Middle-Persian mens name and the name of many important figures in the Persian history. ... Las Khorey (or Las Qorei,Laas Khoreh Laasqoray) is an ancient coastal town in the region of Sanaag, Somalia. ... Sanaag is a region (gobolka) in northern Somalia, and was formerly part of the British Somaliland protectorate. ... Location of Sool in Somaliland/Somalia Sool (Somali: Sool; Arabic: ‎ ) is an administrative region (gobolka) in northern Somalia and is claimed by the two self-proclaimed, but internationally unrecognized, states of Somaliland and Puntland, its ruled by Puntland. ... Las anod town Las Anod, Lasanod, or Laascaanood is the administrative capital of regional state Sool, in Somalia and comes under Puntland regional government. ... Taleex, also known as Taleh; is an city, and capital of the similarly-named district located in northeast Somalia, now known as the State of Puntland, and also claimed as territory of the Republic of Somaliland). ...

Both regions of Sool and Sanaag are in dispute, as these territories were claimed as part of the de facto self-declared state of Somaliland which formed in 1991, as being historically part of British Somaliland. Beginning in 2003, the forces of Puntland entered and occupied the eastern parts of Sool region based on irredentist desires, due to the large Darod clan population in the area. Fighting between the two forces led to casualties and captured prisoners, who were later exchanged. As a related contention, in 2005 Puntland tried to sell off mineral rights to foreign investors, including the disputed territories of Sool and Sanaag.^[6][7] Location of Sool in Somaliland/Somalia Sool (Somali: Sool; Arabic: ‎ ) is an administrative region (gobolka) in northern Somalia and is claimed by the two self-proclaimed, but internationally unrecognized, states of Somaliland and Puntland, its ruled by Puntland. ... Location of Sanaag in Somaliland/Somalia Sanaag (Somali: Sanaag; Arabic: سناغ‎ Sanāgh) is a region (gobolka) in northern Somalia. ... Motto لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله  (Arabic) Lā ilāhā illā-llāhu; muhammadun rasÅ«lu-llāhi  (transliteration) There is no God but Allah; Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah And also : Justice, Peace, Freedom, Democracy and Success for All Anthem Saamo ku waar Capital Hargeisa (1941-1960) (1991 - present) Official languages Somali and... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The British Somaliland was a British protectorate in the north part of the Horn of Africa, and later part of Somalia and presently the unrecognized Republic of Somaliland. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Irredentism is claiming a right to territories belonging to another state on the grounds of common ethnicity and/or prior historical possession, actual or alleged. ... The Darod (Somali language: Darood, or Daarood) is a Somali clan. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Location of Sanaag in Somaliland/Somalia Sanaag (Somali: Sanaag; Arabic: سناغ‎ Sanāgh) is a region (gobolka) in northern Somalia. ...

Media

Among other outlets, the State of Puntland reaches out to the world via its clandestine radio station, Radio Gaalkacyo (formerly Radio Free Somalia).

Notes

For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 13 is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 48 days remaining. ... November 21 is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... February 6 is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... February 1 is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 7 is the 341st day (342nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... January 18 is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Official Website: Government of Puntland
• Map of Puntland: Landmine Impact Survey, 2005 (4.3MB PDF file)
• Puntland: UN-OCHA Overview (PDF file)

Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format developed by Adobe Systems for representing documents in a manner that is independent of the original application software, hardware, and operating system used to create those documents. ... Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format created by Adobe Systems in 1993 for desktop publishing use. ...

News

• BBC: Islamists 'take key Somali town' (in Puntland) November 12, 2006
• HRNet Information about Puntland and Somalia
• GaroweOnline.com: Breaking news, ed/ops through Web & Radio broadcast!
• Allpuntland.com: News, information, entertainment and more
• BBC: "Somali warlords battle for Puntland" May 7, 2002
• Puntlandpost.com: News
• Wardheernews.com: News and commentary
• Wayaha.com: News
• Laasqoray.net: News
• Dhahar.com: News
• Somalia Online: News and discussions
• Somalia INFO: Full of INFO
• Hafun.Org: News Agency

November 12 is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 7 is the 127th day of the year (128th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ...

Politics

• "Position Paper of Harti, Geri, Abdi Koobe, and Isse DAROOD of Puntland State of Somalia, and Jubaland" at Allpuntland.com
• African Elections Database: "Elections in Puntland"

Regions of Somalia
Awdal | Bakool | Banaadir | Bari | Bay | Galguduud | Gedo | Hiiraan | Jubbada Dhexe | Jubbada Hoose | Mudug | Nugaal | Sanaag | Shabeellaha Dhexe | Shabeellaha Hoose | Sool | Togdheer | Woqooyi Galbeed

States of Somalia
Galmudug | Puntland | Somaliland | Southwestern Somalia