Georg von Peuerbach: Theoricarum novarum planetarum testus, Paris 1515

Georg von Peuerbach (also Purbach, Peurbach, Purbachius, his real surname is unknown) (born May 30, 1423 in Peuerbach near Linz – April 8, 1461 in Vienna) was a German/Austrian astronomer and mathematician. A family name, or surname, is that part of a persons name that indicates to what family he or she belongs. ... is the 150th day of the year (151st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events July 31 - Hundred Years War: Battle of Cravant - The French army is defeated at Cravant on the banks of the river Yonne. ... The Poestlingberg church in Linz. ... April 8 is the 98th day of the year (99th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 2 - Battle of Mortimers Cross - Yorkist troops led by Edward, Duke of York defeat Lancastrians under Owen Tudor and his son Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke in Wales. ... “Wien” redirects here. ... An astronomer or astrophysicist is a person whose area of interest is astronomy or astrophysics. ... Leonhard Euler, considered one of the greatest mathematicians of all time A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and research is the field of mathematics. ...

About the year 1440 he received the degree of master of philosophy and the free arts, cum insigni laude, at the University of Vienna. His teacher in mathematics was probably Johann von Gmünden. For alternative meanings, see number 1440. ... The University of Vienna (German: Universität Wien) in Vienna, Austria is the oldest university in the current Austro-Hungarian domain; it formally opened in 1365. ...

In 1448 he went on a trip to Italy for the sake of study. There, Giovanni Bianchini of Ferrara and Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa, then in Rome, became interested in the young man and induced him to lecture on astronomy at the University of Ferrara. He refused offers of professorships at Bologna and Padua, and also the appointment as court astronomer to King Ladislaus of Hungary, but went back to Vienna in 1450 to teach. He lectured on philology and classical literature. His scientific teaching was done chiefly in private, his most famous pupil being Johann Müller of Königsberg, later known as Regiomontanus. Events January 5/ 6 - Christopher of Bavaria, King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden dies with no designated heir leaving all three kingdoms with vacant thrones. ... Giovanni Bianchini (in Latin, Johannes Blanchinus) (1410-ca. ... Ferrara is a city in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, capital city of the province of Ferrara. ... Nicholas of Cusa Nicholas of Cusa (1401– August 11, 1464) was a German cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, a philosopher, jurist, mathematician, and an astronomer. ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5... The University of Ferrara (Università degli Studi di Ferrara) is main university of the city of Ferrara in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. ... Bologna (IPA , from Latin Bononia, BulÃ¥ggna in Emiliano-Romagnolo dialect) is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy, in the Pianura Padana, between the Po River and the Apennines, exactly between the Reno River and the Sàvena River. ... Padua, Italy, (Italian: IPA: , Latin: Patavium, Venetian: ) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy, the economic and communications hub of the region. ... Ladislaus Posthumus (22 February 1440 - 23 November 1457), Archduke, king of Hungary as László V (or VI); king of Bohemia as Ladislav I; duke of Austria, the only son of Albert II, Holy Roman Emperor, and of Elizabeth, daughter of the emperor Sigismund, was born at Komarom four months... “Wien” redirects here. ... // March - French troops under Guy de Richemont besiege the English commander in France, Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, in Caen. ... Johannes Müller von Königsberg (June 6, 1436 – July 6, 1476), known by his Latin pseudonym Regiomontanus, was an important German mathematician, astronomer and astrologer. ...

Purbach has been called the father of observational and mathematical astronomy in the West. He began to work up Ptolemy's Almagest, replacing chords by sines, and calculating tables of sines for every minute of arc for a radius of 600,000 units. This was the first transition from the duodecimal to the decimal system. His observations were made with very simple instruments, an ordinary plumb-line being used for measuring the angles of elevation of the stars. Cardinal Bessarion invited him to Rome to study Ptolemy in the original Greek and not from a faulty Latin translation. He accepted on condition that Müller go with him. On account of the master's death the pupil went alone to complete the work. A medieval artists rendition of Claudius Ptolemaeus Claudius Ptolemaeus (Greek: ; ca. ... Almagest is the Latin form of the Arabic name (al-kitabu-l-mijisti, i. ... In mathematics, the trigonometric functions are functions of an angle, important when studying triangles and modeling periodic phenomena. ... Johannes Bessarion, or Basilius (c. ...

Purbach is also noted for his great attempt to reconcile the opposing theories of the universe, the so-called homocentric spheres of Eudoxus of Cnidus and Aristotle, with Ptolemy's epicyclic trains. This work, *Theoricæ, etc., had an enormous success and remained the basis of academic instruction in astronomy until years after Nicolaus Copernicus had swept away all these hypotheses. Eudoxus of Cnidus was the son of Aischines. ... Aristotle (Greek: AristotélÄ“s) (384 BC – 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. ... “Copernicus” redirects here. ...

He worked at the Observatory of Varadinum (also called Großwardein/Oradea/Nagyvarad) in Transylvania and established in his "Tabula Varadiensis" the town's observatory as laying on the prime meridian of Earth. County Bihor County Status County capital Mayor Petru Filip, Democratic Party, since 2000 Area 111. ... Map of Romania with Transylvania in yellow Transylvania (Romanian: or ; Hungarian: ; German: ; Bulgarian: ; Serbian: / or / ) is a historical region in central and western Romania. ...

Legacy

• He is credited with the invention of several scientific instruments, including the regula, the geometrical square. By several Purbach is also credited for the "Jacob's Staff" as well, but this is not plausible since the original Jacob's Staff was an instrument developed in the 1300's, prior to his life time.^[1]
• The Purbach crater on the Moon is named after him.

In the fictional Star Trek universe, Regula is the planetary object where Stage 2 of the Genesis Project is conducted and where Space Station Regula 1 orbits. ... For the the plant known as the ocotillo, sometimes called the Jacobs staff, see ocotillo. ... Purbach is a large lunar crater located in the rugged southern highlands of the Moon. ... Apparent magnitude: up to -12. ...

Works

Twenty works of him are known. Among these, the following are the most important:

• Theoricæ novæ planetarum, id est septem errantium siderum nec non octavi seu firmamenti (1st ed., Nuremberg, 1472, by Regiomontanus; followed by many others in Milan and Ingolstadt);
• Sex primi libri epitomatis Almagesti, completed by Regiomontanus (Venice, 1496; Basle, 1534; Nuremberg, 1550);
• Tabulæ eclypsium super meridiano Viennensi (2nd ed., Vienna, 1514);
• Quadratum goemetricum meridiano (Nuremberg, 1516);
• Nova tabula sinus de decem minutis in decem per multas, etc., completed by Regiomontanus (Nuremberg, 1541).

Johannes Müller von Königsberg (June 6, 1436 – July 6, 1476), known by his Latin pseudonym Regiomontanus, was an important German mathematician, astronomer and astrologer. ... Almagest is the Latin form of the Arabic name (al-kitabu-l-mijisti, i. ... Johannes Müller von Königsberg (June 6, 1436 – July 6, 1476), known by his Latin pseudonym Regiomontanus, was an important German mathematician, astronomer and astrologer. ...

External links

• 1. ^ http://www.surveyhistory.org/jacob's_staff1.htm
• O'Connor, John J; Edmund F. Robertson "Georg von Peuerbach". MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.  
• Electronic facsimile-editions of the rare book collection at the Vienna Institute of Astronomy

This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913. The MacTutor history of mathematics archive is a website hosted by University of St Andrews in Scotland. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...