Prince Pyotr Bagration (Пётр Иванович Багратион) (1765 - September 12, 1812), a descendant of the Georgian Royal family of the Bagrations, served as a Russian general. He was born in 1765, in Kizlyar (Dagestan, Northern Caucasus). His father was a Georgian Prince, Colonel Ivane Bagrationi. His brother Roman (Revaz) Bagrationi was also a general of the Russian army. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... 1765 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... September 12 is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years). ... 1812 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Coat of Arms of the Bagrationi Royal Dynasty The Bagrationi royal dynasty (Georgian:ბაგრატიონთა სამეფო დინასტია or Bagrationta Samepo Dinastia) of Georgia provided many of the countrys rulers between 809 and 1810. ... 1765 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Kizlyar IE, ООО ПП Кизляр. Russian knife company. ... The Republic of Dagestan (Russian: ), older spelling Daghestan, is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... Southern Federal District (Northern Caucasus) is one of the seven federal districts of Russia. ...

Bagration entered the Russian army in 1782, and served for some years in the Caucasus. He participated in the Siege of Ochakov (1788), and in the Polish campaign of 1794. His merits were recognized by Suvorov, whom he accompanied in the Italian and Swiss campaign of 1799, winning particular distinction by the capture of the town of Brescia. 1782 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Entholinguistic patchwork of the modern Caucasus - CIA map The Caucasus, a region bordering Asia Minor, is located between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea which includes the Caucasus Mountains and surrounding lowlands. ... The Russo-Turkish War of 1787-1792 was a futile attempt by the Ottoman Empire to regain lands lost to Russia in the course of the Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774. ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Monument to Suvorov as youthful Mars, the Roman god of war (1801). ... 1799 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Location within Italy Brescia is a city in the region of Lombardy in northern Italy with a population of around 200,000. ...

In the wars of 1805 Bagration's achievements appeared even more brilliant. With a small rearguard he successfully resisted the repeated attacks of forces five times his own numbers at the Battle of Hollabrunn (1805), and though half his men fell, the retreat of the main army under Kutuzov was thereby secured. At Austerlitz (2 December 1805) Bagration fought against the left wing of the French army commanded by Murat and Lannes. He fought bravely and obstinately at the battles of Eylau (7 February 1807), Heilsberg (11 June 1807) and Friedland (14 June 1807). 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Mikhail Kutuzov Knyaz Mikhail Illarionovich Golenishchev-Kutuzov (Russian: ) (September 16, 1745 – April 28, 1813 (n. ... Map of the battle from the 4th edition of Meyers Konversationslexikon. ... December 2 is the 336th day (337th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Joachim Murat, King of Naples, Marshal of France Portrait by François Pascal Simon, Baron Gérard, c. ... Jean Lannes Jean Lannes, duke of Montebello (April 11, 1769 – May 31, 1809), marshal of France, was born at Lectoure (Gers). ... The Battle of Eylau, fought on February 7–8, 1807, was a bloody and inconclusive contest between the forces of Napoléon and a mostly Russian army under General Bennigsen. ... February 7 is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1807 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The Battle of Heilsberg took place in 1807, during the Napoleonic Wars. ... June 11 is the 162nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (163rd in leap years), with 203 days remaining. ... 1807 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The Battle of Friedland was fought on June 14, 1807 and resulted in a French victory under Napoleon Bonaparte against the Russians under General Bennigsen. ... June 14 is the 165th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (166th in leap years), with 200 days remaining. ... 1807 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1808, by a daring march across the frozen Gulf of Finland, Bagration captured the Åland Islands, and in 1809 he commanded against the Turks at the battles of Rassowa and Tataritza. In 1809 he was promoted to Full General ("General ot Infanterii"). 1808 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The Baltic Sea The Gulf of Finland is an arm of the Baltic Sea that extends between Finland (to the north) and Estonia (to the south) all the way to the city of Saint Petersburg in Russia, where the river Neva drains into it. ... National motto: none Official language Swedish Capital Mariehamn Governor Peter Lindbäck Premier Roger Nordlund Total Area  - Land  - Water 6,784 km² 1,527 km² 5,258 km² Population  - Total (2005)  - Density 26,711 17. ... 1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1812 Bagration commanded the 2nd army of the West, and though defeated at Mogilev (23 July 1812), rejoined the main army under Barclay de Tolly, and led the left wing at the Battle of Borodino (7 September 1812), where he received a mortal wound. He died on 12 September, in the village of Simi, which belonged to his aunt. Mahilyow, or Mahileu (Belarusian: Магілёў; Russian: Могилёв (Mogilev), Polish Mohylew or Mogilew) is a city in the eastern Belarus, close to the border to Russia with about 300,000 inhabitants. ... July 23 is the 204th day (205th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 161 days remaining. ... 1812 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Knyaz Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly, called by the Russians as Mikhail Bogdanovich Barklay de Tolly (Михаи́л Богда́нович Баркла́й-де-То́лли) (1761 - 1818), Russian field marshal, was born in Livonia, a descendant of a Scottish family which had settled in Russia in the 17th century. ... The Battle of Borodino (Russian: Бородино) (September 7, 1812, or August 26 in the Julian calendar then used in Russia), also called the Battle of the Moskva, was the largest and bloodiest single-day battle of the Napoleonic Wars, involving nearly a quarter of a million soldiers. ... September 7 is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years). ... 1812 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... September 12 is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years). ...

Legacy

Tsar Nicholas I had a monument erected in his honour on the battlefield of Borodino. The general's remains were transferred to the place where he had fallen and remain there to this day. The grave was blown up during World War II but has since then been restored. Nicholas I of Russia Nikolai I Pavlovich (Russian: Николай I Павлович, July 6 (June 25, Old Style), 1796–March 2 (February 18, Old Style), 1855), also Nicholas, was the Emperor of Russia and king of Poland from 1825 until 1831. ... Honour (CwE) or honor (AmE) comprises the reputation, self-perception or moral identity of an individual or of a group. ... World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrinations, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons such as the atom bomb. ...

Joseph Stalin chose Bagration as the name of the Soviet Union's June 22, 1944 successful offensive that defeated the German Army Group Centre and drove the forces of Nazi Germany out of what is now Belarus. After the war, the Soviet Union annexed northern East Prussia, and the until-then German town of Preußisch Eylau – scene of the 1807 battle – was renamed Bagrationovsk in his memory. Joseph Stalin â–¶(?) (Russian, in full: Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин (Josef Vissarionovich Stalin), real name: Иосиф Виссарионович ДжугашвиÐ... June 22 is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 192 days remaining. ... 1944 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... During World War II, Operation Bagration was the general attack by Soviet forces to clear the Nazis from Belarus which resulted in the destruction of the German Army Group Centre, possibly the greatest defeat for the Wehrmacht during the war. ... Army Group Centre (Heeresgruppe Mitte in German) was one of three German army formations assigned to the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, code-named Operation Barbarossa. ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... East Prussia (German: Ostpreu en; Polish: Prusy Wschodnie; Russian: Восточная Пруссия — Vostochnaya Prussiya) was a province of Kingdom of Prussia, situated on the territory of former Ducal Prussia. ... Bagrationovsk (Russian: Багратионовск, German: Preußisch Eylau before 1946, Lithuanian: Yluva/PrÅ«sų Ylava, Polish: Pruska IÅ‚awa / IÅ‚awka) is a small town in the Kaliningrad Oblast in Russia, located some 37 km south of Kaliningrad, at 54°23′ N 20Â...

Depictions in fiction

Bagration is a minor character in Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace. Leo Tolstoy, pictured late in life Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy listen [▶] (Russian: Лев Никола́евич Толсто́й; commonly referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy) (September 9, 1828 – November 20, 1910; August 28, 1828 – November 7, 1910, O.S.) was a Russian novelist, social reformer, pacifist, Christian anarchist, vegetarian, moral thinker and an influential member... War and Peace (Война и мир [Voyna i mir], in original orthography Война и миръ) is an epic novel of Russian history and society by Leo Tolstoy, first published from 1865 to 1869, which tells the story of Russia during the Napoleonic Era. ...

See also

• Bagrationi dynasty

By Alexander Mikaberidze, Ph.D., INFR Coat of Arms of the Bagrationi Royal Dynasty The Bagrationi royal dynasty (Georgian:ბაგრატიონთა სამეფო დინასტია or Bagrationta Samepo Dinastia) of Georgia provided many of the countrys rulers between 809 and 1810. ...

BAGRATION, Peter Ivanovich (b. July 1765, Georgia – d. 24 September 1812, Simy) descended from the Bagration royal dynasty that ruled Georgia for over nine hundred years. His father immigrated to Russia in 1766 and served at a garrison of Kizlyar. Despite some claims that Bagration was born in Kizlyar, Prince Peter’s was born in Georgia (probably in Tbilisi) in the summer of 1765 and traveled with his parents to Kizlyar in 1766. Brought up in Daghestan, Bagration received basic education at a garrison school. He enlisted as a supernumerary [sverkh-komplekta] in the Astrakhan Infantry Regiment on 12 May 1783 and became a private on 4 September 1783. During the Russo-Turkish War of 1787-1791, Bagration served under Alexander Suvorov in the Crimea, distinguishing himself at Ochakov in 1788, for which he was promoted to captain skipping the rank of sub-lieutenant, perhaps due to Potemkin’s patronage. Thus, Bagration rose to an ensign on 9 July 1787, to captain on 18 December 1788 and nominally given rank of sub lieutenant on 9 July 1789. September 24 is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years). ... 1812 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... May 12 is the 132nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (133rd in leap years). ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... September 4 is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years). ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... July 9 is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 175 days remaining. ... 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... December 18 is the 352nd day of the year (353rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... July 9 is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 175 days remaining. ... 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1789-1790, Bagration served in Gregory Potemkin’s staff and participated in the negotiations with representatives of Ali Mahmud Khan of Persia. He also served as an adjutant to various generals, including Count Ivan Saltykov and Johann Herman, who commanded the Russian troops in the Caucasus. In 1790, he participated in the campaign against the Chechens and was seriously wounded in an action near village of Alda on the Sunzha River. By early 1792, Bagration had transferred to the Kiev Horse Jager Regiment, becoming a second major on 9 July 1792 and a premier major on 8 December 1793. On 15 May 1794, he transferred to the Sofia Carabineer Regiment, and in Poland in late 1794, he participated in the actions at Brest-Litovsk, Sedlitsy, Deryachin, Tatarovka and Sokolnya. In October, he led his squadron in a surprise attack against a 1,000-men strong Polish detachment and captured 250 men and a gun, for which Bagration was promoted to a lieutenant colonel on 27 October 1794. In November of the same year, he followed the main army to Praga, a suburb of Warsaw, but he did not participate in the subsequent assault. After the war in Poland, Bagration returned to Russia and, in June 1795, he took command of the 1st Battalion of the Lifland Jagers at Volkovisk in the Grodno gubernia. After the military reorganization in 1796, Bagration became commander of the 7th Independent Jager Battalion on 28 May 1797 and his unit was soon converted to the 7th Jager Regiment. On 24 February 1798, Bagration took promotion to colonel and, on 28 January 1799, he became chef of the 7th Jager Regiment, now renamed as Prince Bagration’s Jager Regiment. July 9 is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 175 days remaining. ... 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... December 8 is the 342nd day (343rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1793 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... May 15 is the 135th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (136th in leap years). ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... October 27 is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 65 days remaining. ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... May 28 is the 148th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (149th in leap years). ... 1797 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... February 24 is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1798 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... January 28 is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1799 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

During Alexander Suvorov’s campaigns in Italy and Switzerland in 1799, Bagration commanded the advance and rearguards of the Russian army and distinguished himself in the battles at Brescia, Lecco, Tortona, Alexandria, Marengo, Turin, on the Tidone and Trebbia Rivers and at Novi in Italy. In Suvorov’s ill-fated campaign in Switzerland, Bagration served during the crossing of the St. Gottard Pass, the storming of the Devil’s Bridge, the actions in Muothatal Valley, at Nafels, Netstal, Glarus and he was pivotal during the harrowing escape through the Panixer Pass. For his actions, Bagration garnered the Orders of St. Anna (1st class), of St. Alexander of Neva, of St. John of Jerusalem, the Sardinian Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus and the Austrian Order of Maria Theresa. On 10 April 1800, his regiment was transformed into the 6th Jagers and Bagration became chef of the Life Guard Jager Battalion on 21 June. In 1801, he became the commandant of the Imperial residence at Pavlovsk. April 10 is the 100th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (101st in leap years). ... 1800 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... June 21 is the 172nd day of the year (173rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 193 days remaining. ...

In 1805, Bagration commanded the rearguard of the Austro-Russian army and fought with determination at Lambach and Amstetten. At Schöngraben (Hollabrunn) on 16 November 1805, he commanded 7,000 men against 30,000 French under Marshals Joachim Murat and Jean Lannes. Losing two thirds of his troops, Bagration halted the French for over eighteen hours and let the main Allied forces escape to safety. For his actions, he was promoted to a lieutenant general and decorated with the Order of St. George (2nd class) on 20 November 1805. During the Allied offensive, he fought at Wischau and Raussnitz and commanded the right wing of the Allied army at Austerlitz on 2 December 1805. After the battle, he covered the retreat of the Russian army to Hungary. He was again appointed commander of the Russian advance guard in early January 1807 and he assumed this position on 25 January. Bagration then distinguished himself at Wolfsdorf, Eylau, Altkirch, Guttstadt, Quest, Deppen, Heilsberg, Friedland and Tilsit; in consequence he garnered the Order of St. Vladimir (2nd class) and Prussian Orders of the Red and Black Eagles. November 16 is the 320th day of the year (321st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 45 days remaining. ... 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... November 20 is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... December 2 is the 336th day (337th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... January 25 is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...

During the Russo-Swedish War, he commanded the 21st Division and successfully occupied southwestern Finland and occupied Abo, where he later defeated the Swedish landing force in September 1808. On 15 March 1809, he led the famous march across the frozen Gulf of Bothnia to occupy the Aland Islands and his advance guard reached the Swedish shores in the vicinity of the Swedish capital, precipitating the coup d’etat in Stockholm. For his actions against the Swedes, Bagration was promoted to a general of infantry on 21 March 1809 and appointed an assistant to the Commander-in-Chief General Prozorovsky of the Army of Moldavia on 13 July 1809. March 15 is the 74th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (75th in Leap years). ... 1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... March 21 is the 80th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (81st in leap years). ... 1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... July 13 is the 194th day (195th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 171 days remaining. ... 1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

After Prozorovsky’s death on 21 August 1809, he took command of the army and immediately launched an offensive southward against the Turks, capturing the fortresses of Macin, Constanta (Kustendji) and Girsov on his way to Cavarna and Bazardjik. On 16 September 1809, Bagration defeated the Turks at Rassevat and, on 22 September, he invested Silistra, forcing the Grand Vizier Yussuf to cancel his invasion of Serbia and Wallachia. Bagration halted the superior Turkish army at Tataritsa on 22 October, but had to lift the siege of Silistra because of lack of supplies and ammunition. He succeeded in taking Ismail and Braila in late 1809. In March 1810, he resigned after a disagreement with Emperor Alexander on the overall strategy in the Danubian Principalities. He briefly traveled to Vienna in late 1810 and became involved in a diplomatic scandal between France and Russia after he unsuccessfully tried to obtain secret documents on Franco-Persian relations. Returning to Russia, Bagration was appointed to command the Army of Podolsk on 25 August 1811; this army had been later reorganized into the 2nd Western Army in March 1812. August 21 is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... September 16 is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years). ... 1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... September 22 is the 265th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (266th in leap years). ... October 22 is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 70 days remaining. ... August 25 is the 237th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (238th in leap years), with 128 days remaining. ... 1811 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

During the 1812 Campaign, Bagration successfully eluded Napoleon’s enveloping maneuvers and achieved victories at Mir and Romanovo. He outmaneuvered Marshal Nicholas Davout at Moghilev and joined Barclay de Tolly’s 1st Western Army at Smolensk on 3 August. The aggressive Bagration was the chief proponent of the Smolensk offensive, but he was ultimately able to perceive Napoleon’s designs to outflank the Russians. Falling back from the French envelopment in time, he successfully defended Smolensk on 15-16 August. His bitter opposition to Barclay de Tolly’s policy of scorched earth and retreat led to Barclay’s replacement by Mikhail Kutuzov. On 7 September, Bagration commanded the Russian left flank at Borodino and fiercely defended the fléches against the main French attacks. However, he was seriously wounded by a shell splinter in his left leg and died of wound complications on 24 September at the village Simy in the Vladimir gubernia. He was buried at a local church but his remains were transferred to the Great Redoubt at the Borodino Battlefield in August 1839. His grave was destroyed by the communists in 1932, but restored in 1987. He was unhappily married to Countess Ekaterina Skavronsky, who left him within a year of marriage and had an illegitimate child with Austrian Diplomat Clemence von Metternich. Princess Bagration later played important role in the Congress of Vienna in 1815. August 3 is the 215th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (216th in leap years), with 150 days remaining. ... August 16 is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... September 7 is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years). ... September 24 is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years). ...

Prince Peter Bagration was one of the best tactical commanders in Europe during the Napoleonic Wars. His rearguard actions in Moravia in 1805 and Poland in 1807 were truly remarkable. However, he also demonstrated poor strategic abilities in 1812. He was a man of an uncontrolled, ambitious and violent temper, who expressed his feelings in a passionate manner. He was one of the most beloved generals in the Russian army and was often called “the Glory of the Russian army” (S. Volkonsky) and “Bog-rati-on” – “the God of the Army” (G. Derzhavin).

Literature

• Alexander Mikaberidze, The Lion of the Russian Army: Life and Military Career of Prince General Peter Bagration, 3 volumes, (doct. diss., Florida State University, 2003)
• General Bagration: Sbornik dokumentov i materialov, pod redaktsiei S.N. Golubova [General Bagration: Compilation of Documents and Materials], (Moscow, 1945)
• Bagration v Dunaiskikh kniazhestvakh: Sbornik Dokumentov [Bagration in the Danubian Principalities: Compilation of Documents], (Chisineu, 1949)
• Tsintsadze, Zurab, Bagration Voennaia Deiatelnost General Petra Ivanovicha Bagrationa, 1782-1812, [Military Career of General Peter Ivanovich Bagration, 1782-1812] (Moscow, 1997);
• V. Gribanov, Bagration v Peterburge [Bagration in St. Petersburg] (Leningrad 1979)
• I.I. Rostunov. "P.I. Bagration" (a monograph), Moscow, 1947 (in Russian)
• T. Lomouri. "Petre Bagrationi" (a monograph), Tbilisi, 1946 (in Georgian)
• N. Nakashidze. "Hero of Borodino", Tbilisi, 1961 (in Georgian)

External links

• Genealogical account of Bagration's family
• Napoleon, His Army and Enemies