Pyrethrum refers to several Old World plants of the genus Chrysanthemum (e.g., C. coccineum) which are cultivated as ornamentals for their showy flower heads. It is also the name of a natural insecticide made from the dried flower heads of C. cinerariifolium and C. coccineum. Some members of Chrysanthemum, including these two, are placed in another genus, Tanacetum, by some authorities. Both genera are members of the daisy (or aster) family, Asteraceae. They are perennial plants with a daisy-like appearance and white petals. Species Chrysanthemum aphrodite Chrysanthemum arcticum Chrysanthemum argyrophyllum Chrysanthemum arisanense Chrysanthemum boreale Chrysanthemum chalchingolicum Chrysanthemum chanetii Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium Chrysanthemum coronarium Chrysanthemum crassum Chrysanthemum glabriusculum Chrysanthemum hypargyrum Chrysanthemum indicum Chrysanthemum japonense Chrysanthemum japonicum Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium Chrysanthemum mawii Chrysanthemum maximowiczii Chrysanthemum mongolicum Chrysanthemum morifolium Chrysanthemum morii Chrysanthemum okiense Chrysanthemum oreastrum Chrysanthemum ornatum Chrysanthemum... Species Tanacetum bipinnatum Tanacetum camphoratum Tanacetum corymbosum Tanacetum douglasi Tanacetum horonense Tanacetum parthenium Tanacetum pathenium Tanacetum vulgare Ref: ITIS 36321 Tansy can refer to any species of the genus Tanacetum (Asteraceae), but more usually means Tanacetum vulgare, sometimes called common tansy or garden tansy, while the other Tanacetum species always... Diversity About 1500 genera and 23,000 species Type Genus Aster L. Subfamilies Barnadesioideae Cichorioideae Tribe Arctotidae Tribe Cardueae Tribe Eremothamneae Tribe Lactuceae Tribe Liabeae Tribe Mutisieae Tribe Tarchonantheae Tribe Vernonieae Asteroideae Tribe Anthemideae Tribe Astereae Tribe Calenduleae Tribe Eupatorieae Tribe Gnaphalieae Tribe Helenieae Tribe Heliantheae Tribe Inuleae Tribe Plucheae... A Red Valerian, a perennial plant. ... For other uses, see Plant (disambiguation). ... Daisy is an abbreviation or nickname for Margaret or Maggie. ... White rose. ... It has been suggested that Corolla be merged into this article or section. ...

• C. cinerariifolium is called the Dalmatian chrysanthemum, denoting its origin in that region of the Balkans (Dalmatia). It looks more like the common daisy than other pyrethrums. Its flowers, typically white with a yellow center, grow from numerous fairly rigid stems. Plants have blue-green leaves and grow to between 45 to 60 cm in height. The plant is economically important as a natural source of insecticide. The flowers are pulverized and the active components called pyrethrins, contained in the seed cases, are extracted and sold in the form of an oleoresin. This is applied as a suspension in water or oil, or as a powder. Pyrethrins attack the nervous systems of all insects, and inhibit female mosquitoes from biting. When not present in amounts fatal to insects, they still appear to have an insect repellent effect. They are harmful to fish, but are far less toxic to mammals and birds than many synthetic insecticides and are non-persistent, being biodegradable and also breaking down easily on exposure to light. They are considered to be amongst the safest insecticides for use around food. Kenya produced 90% (over 6,000 tonnes) of the world's pyrethrum in 1998, called py for short. Production in Tanzania and Ecuador is also significant.

• C. coccineum, the Persian chrysanthemum, is native the Caucasus and looks somewhat like a daisy. It produces large white, pink or red flowers. The leaves resemble those of ferns, and the plant grows to between 30 and 60 cm in height. The flowering period is June to July in temperate climates (Northern hemisphere). C. coccineum also contains insecticidal pyrethrum substances used for centuries as a lice remedy ("Persian Insect Powder", "Persian Pellitory") in the Middle East, but it is a relatively poor source compared to C. cinerariifolium.

• Other species such as C. balsamita and C. marshalli also contain insecticidal substances, but are less effective than the two species mentioned above.

• Pyrethroids are synthetic insecticides based on natural pyrethrum (pyrethrins); one common example is permethrin. A common formulation of pyrethrin is in preparations containing the synthetic chemical piperonyl butoxide: this has the effect of enhancing the toxicity to insects and speeding the effects when compared with pyrethrins used alone. These formulations are known as synergized pyrethrins.

Map of Dalmatia, in present day Croatia highlighted Dalmatia (Croatian: Dalmacija, French: Dalmatie, German: Dalmatien, Italian: Dalmazia, Serbian Cyrillic: Далмација, Turkish: Dalmaçya, Hungarian: Dalmácia) is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, in modern Croatia, spreading between the island of Rab in the northwest and the... An insecticide is a pesticide used against insects in all developmental forms. ... Pyrethrin I, R = CH3 Pyrethrin II, R = CO2CH3 The pyrethrins are a pair of natural organic compounds that have potent insecticidal activity. ... Insect trapped in resin. ... Orders See taxonomy Insects are invertebrates that are taxonomically referred to as the class Insecta. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Commercial insect repellents. ... A giant grouper at the Georgia Aquarium Fish are aquatic vertebrates that are typically cold-blooded; covered with scales, and equipped with two sets of paired fins and several unpaired fins. ... Subclasses Allotheria* Order Multituberculata (extinct) Order Volaticotheria (extinct) Order Palaeoryctoides (extinct) Order Triconodonta (extinct) Prototheria Order Monotremata Theria Infraclass Marsupialia Infraclass Eutheria The mammals are the class of vertebrate animals characterized by the production of milk in females for the nourishment of young, from mammary glands present on most species... Aves redirects here. ... Biodegradation is the decomposition of organic material by microorganisms. ... Chemical decomposition or analysis is the fragmentation of a chemical compound into elements or smaller compounds. ... A tonne or metric ton (symbol t), sometimes referred to as a metric tonne, is a measurement of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... The Ethnolinguistic patchwork of the modern Caucasus - CIA map Russia Georgia Azerbaijan (Azer. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... A pyrethroid is a synthetic chemical that kills most insects. ... Pyrethrin I, R = CH3 Pyrethrin II, R = CO2CH3 The pyrethrins are a pair of natural organic compounds that have potent insecticidal activity. ... Permethrin is a common chemical, widely used as an insecticide and acaricide and as an insect repellent. ... Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) is a pesticide synergist. ... Toxic redirects here, but this is also the name of a song by Britney Spears; see Toxic (song) Look up toxic and toxicity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Common Names

Common names for Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium include:

• Pyrethrum
• Pyrethrum daisy
• Dalmation pyrethrum
• Dalmatian chrysanthemum
• Dalmatian Insect Flower
• Dalmation pellitory

Common names for Chrysanthemum coccineum include: Binomial name Anacyclus pyrethrum The herb Pellitory (Anacyclus pyrethrum) is a perennial plant much alike chamomile in habitat and appearance, and also called Spanish Chamomile and the Mount Atlas daisy. ...

• Pyrethrum
• Pyrethrum daisy
• Painted daisy
• Persian chrysanthemum
• Persian Insect Flower
• Persian pellitory
• Caucasian Insect Powder Plant

Binomial name Anacyclus pyrethrum The herb Pellitory (Anacyclus pyrethrum) is a perennial plant much alike chamomile in habitat and appearance, and also called Spanish Chamomile and the Mount Atlas daisy. ...

External Links

• Pyrethrins and pyrethroids on the EXTOXNET