In chemistry, the anion, the salts, and the esters of pyrophosphoric acid are called pyrophosphates. The anion is abbreviated PP_i and is formed by the hydrolysis of ATP into AMP in cells. This hydrolysis is called pyrophosphorolysis. Chemistry (derived from alchemy) is the science of matter at or near the atomic scale. ... An anion is an ion with negative charge. ... A magnified crystal of a salt (halite/sodium chloride) In chemistry, a salt is any ionic compound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is neutral and without a net charge. ... General formula of a carboxylate ester. ... Pyrophosphoric acid, also known under the name diphosphoric acid, is a syrupy liquid or a needle-like crystaline solid. ... Hydrolysis is a chemical process in which a molecule is split into two parts by the addition of a molecule of water. ... Adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) is a multifunctional nucleotide primarily known in biochemistry as the molecular currency of intracellular energy transfer. ... Adenosine monophosphate, also known as 5-adenylic acid and abbreviated AMP, is a nucleotide that is found in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside adenosine. ... Cells in culture, stained for keratin (red) and DNA (green). ...

• ATP → AMP + PP_i

The pyrophosphate anion has the structure P₂O₇⁴⁻, and is an acid anhydride of phosphate. It is unstable in aqueous solution and rapidly hydrolyzes into inorganic phosphate: Adenosine monophosphate, also known as 5-adenylic acid and abbreviated AMP, is a nucleotide that is found in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside adenosine. ... For other uses, see Acid (disambiguation). ... In chemistry, an anhydride is a compound that can be considered as derived from another compound by subtracting the atoms of water. ... In inorganic chemistry, a phosphate is a salt of phosphoric acid. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... Dissolving table salt in water In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of one or more substances, known as solutes, dissolved in another substance, known as a solvent. ... Hydrolysis is a chemical process in which a molecule is split into two parts by the addition of a molecule of water. ...

• P₂O₇⁴⁻ + H₂O → 2 HPO₄²⁻

or in shorthand notation:

• PP_i + H₂O → 2 P_i

This hydrolysis to inorganic phosphate effectively renders the cleavage of ATP to AMP and PP_i irreversible, and biochemical reactions coupled to this hydrolysis are irreversible as well. Hydrolysis is a chemical process in which a molecule is split into two parts by the addition of a molecule of water. ...

From the standpoint of high energy phosphate accounting, the hydrolysis of ATP to AMP and PP_i will require two high energy phosphates, as to reconstitute AMP into ATP will require two phosphorylation reactions. High energy phosphate can mean one of a couple things: It can mean the phosphate-phosphate bonds formed when compounds such as adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate are created. ...

• AMP + ATP → 2 ADP
• 2 ADP + 2 P_i → 2 ATP

The synthesis of tetraethyl pyrophosphate was first described in 1854 by Philip de Clermount at a meeting of the French Academy of Sciences. Adenosine diphosphate, abbreviated ADP, is a nucleotide. ...

The term pyrophosphate is also the name of esters formed by the condensation of a phosphorylated biological compound with inorganic phosphate as for dimethylallyl pyrophosphate. This bond is also referred to as a high energy phosphate bond. A condensation reaction (also known as a dehydration reaction or dehydration synthesis when water is lost) is a chemical reaction in which two molecules or moieties react and become covalently bonded to one another by the concurrent loss of a small molecule, often water, methanol, or a type of hydrogen... Structure of dimethyallyl pyrophosphate Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (or -diphosphate) (DMAPP) is an intermediate product of both mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway and DOXP/MEP pathway. ... High energy phosphate can mean one of a couple things: It can mean the phosphate-phosphate bonds formed when compounds such as adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate are created. ...

See also

• Sodium pyrophosphate
• Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease