Qadr as an Islamic term is parallel to the western doctrines of Predestination. This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ...

Concept

In Islam, "predestination" is the usual English language rendering of a belief that Muslims call al-qada wa al-qadar in Arabic. The phrase means "the divine decree and the predestination"; al-qadar derives from a root that means to measure out. For other uses, including people named Islam, see Islam (disambiguation). ... The Arabic language (Arabic: ‎ translit: ), or simply Arabic (Arabic: ‎ translit: ), is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ...

The phrase reflects a Muslim doctrine that God has measured out the span of every person's life, their lot of good or ill fortune, and whether they will follow the straight (righteous) path or not. When referring to the future, Muslims frequently qualify any predictions of what will come to pass with the phrase Insha'Allah, Arabic for "if God wills." The phrase recognises that human knowledge of the future is limited, and that all that may or may not come to pass is under the control of God. Look up Future in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... InshaAllah (ان شاء الله ) is an Arabic phrase evoked by Muslims to indicate hope for an aforementioned event to occur in the future. ...

History

A Shi'a site explains ^[1]:

The Beginnings of Kalam: Though nothing definite can be said about the beginnings of 'ilm al-kalam among Muslims, what is certain is that discussion of some of the problems of kalam, such as the issue of predestination (jabr) and free will (ikhtiyar), and that of Divine Justice, became current among Muslims during the first half of the second century of Hijrah. Perhaps the first formal centre of such discussions was the circle of al-Hasan al-Basri (d. 110/728-29). Among the Muslim personalities of the latter half of the first century, the names of Ma'bad al-Juhani (d. 80/ 699) and Ghaylan ibn Muslim al-Dimashqi (d. 105/723) have been mentioned, who adamantly defended the ideas of free will (ikhtiyar) and man's freedom. There were others who opposed them and supported predestination (jabr). The believers in free will were called "qadariyyah" and their opponents were known as "jabriyyah". Image File history File links Cquote1. ... Gradually the points of difference between the two groups extended to a series of other issues in theology, physics, sociology and other problems relating to man and the Resurrection, of which the problem of jabr and ikhtiyar was only one. During this period, the "qadariyyah" came to be called "Mu'tazilah" and the "jabriyyah" became known as "Asha'irah ". The Orientalists and their followers insist on considering the beginnings of discursive discussions in the Islamic world from this point or its like. However, the truth is that rational argumentation about Islamic doctrines starts with the Holy Qur'an itself, and has been followed up in the utterances of the Holy Prophet (S) and especially in the sermons of Amir al-Mu'minin 'Ali (A). This despite the fact that their style and approach are different from those of the Muslim mutakallimun[2]

Image File history File links Cquote2. ...

Proponents

• Ibn Umar was a strong proponent on this consept ^[3]

Ibn Umar was the son of the 2nd Caliph Umar ibn Khattab. ...

Critisism

The first man who discussed about Qadr in Basra was Ma'bad al-Juhani. Mabad ibn Kalid al-Juhani (d. ...

References

1. ^ [1] [2]
2. ^ See Murtada Mutahhari, Sayri dar Nahj al-balaghah, pp.69-76, where the author has discussed the difference between the approach of the Nahj al-balaghah to the problems of theology and metaphysics and the approach of Muslim mutakallimun and philosophers to such problems. (Translator)
3. ^ 431 hadith found in 'The Book of Faith (Kitab Al-Iman)' of Sahih Muslim. [3]