The Qarluq or Karluk (Chinese: 葛逻禄; pinyin: Géluólù) were originally a nomadic Turkic tribe based at the eastern foot of Altay Mountains in Central Asia. They were closely related and for a time allied with the Orkhon Uyghurs. It was also recorded that they were at one time allied with the Oghuz who lived on their western frontiers. Pinyin is a system of romanization (phonemic notation and transcription to Roman script) for Standard Mandarin, where pin means spell(ing) and yin means sound(s)). This article describes the most common variant called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: 汉语拼音; Traditional Chinese: 漢語拼音; pinyin: HànyÇ” PÄ«nyÄ«n), also known as scheme... Communities of nomadic people move from place to place, rather than settling down in one location. ... This is the disambiguation page for the terms Turk, Turkey, Turkic, and Turkish. ... A tribe, viewed historically or developmentally, consists of a social group existing before the development of, or outside of, states, though some modern theorists hold that contemporary tribes can only be understood in terms of their relationship to states. ... The Altai is a mountain range in central Asia, where Russia, China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan come together, and where the great rivers Irtysh, Ob and Yenisei have their sources. ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia (Russian: Средняя Азия/Srednyaya Azia for Middle Asia or Центральная Азия/Tsentralnaya Azia for Central Asia; in Turkic languages Orta Asya; in Persian آسياى مرکزی; (Urdu: وسطى ايشيا)Wasti Asia; Standard Mandarin Chinese... The Uyghur (Uyghur: ئۇيغۇر; Uighur Simplified Chinese: 维吾尔; Traditional Chinese: 維吾爾; Pinyin: Wéiwúěr; Turkish: Uygur) are a Turkic people, forming one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the Peoples Republic of China. ... For all Turkic groupings and Turkic history, see Turkic peoples. ...

History

In the 766, the Qarluq tribes formed a Khanate under the rule of a Yabghu (prince) after overran the Turgish in Semirechie. Famed for their woven carpets in the pre-Muslim era, they were considered a vassal state by the Tang Dynasty after the final conquest of the Transoxania regions by the Chinese circa 744. They remained in the Chinese sphere of influence and an active participant in fighting the Muslim expansion into the area, up until their betrayal of the Tang at the Battle of Talas in 751. Events November 16 - Nicetas appointed Patriarch of Constantinople Births January 1 - Ali al-Rida, Shia Imam (d. ... For the Star Trek character see Khan Noonien Singh. ... ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Transoxiana (sometimes also spelled Transoxania) is the now-largely obsolete name used for the portion of Central Asia corresponding approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan and southwest Kazakhstan. ... Events February - Hildeprand succeeds Liutprand as king of the Lombards. ... Tang could refer to: Tang Dynasty of China Tang (Shang dynasty ruler) Transliteration of Chinese family names such as 唐,湯,鄧,邓,滕 Tang Clan of Hong Kong, the first inhabitants to leave China and settle in Hong Kong. ... Combatants Abbasid Caliphate Chinese Tang Dynasty Commanders Ziyad ibn Salih Gao Xianzhi Li Siye Duan Xiushi Strength around 150,000 over 30,000 (20,000 Tang troops + troops of Chinese protectorates + Qarluq mercenaries) Casualties Unknown Gao retreated with several thousand survivors The Battle of Talas in CE 751 was a... Events Pippin the Short is elected as king of the Franks by the Frankish nobility, marking the end of the Merovingian and beginning of the Carolingian dynasty. ...

The Qarakhanids (Kara-Khanid), was founded in the 10th century by Satuk, a Turkic convert. His son Musa made Islam the state religion in 960. The empire occupied modern northern Iran and parts of Turkestan. This region remained under Qarakhanid (and for varying periods Seljuq and Qara-Khitai) control until 1206 when it reverted to a Mongol vassal state. They remained an independent vassal until the Mongol invasion of 1221. The Muslim, Turkic Kara-Khanid Khanate is not to be confused with the Sinitic, Khitan Kara-Khitan Khanate. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Map of Turkestan (green) with borders of modern states in white Turkestan (Persian: ترکستان ) (also spelled Turkistan or Türkistan) is a region in Central Asia, which today is largely inhabited by Turkic people. ... The Muslim, Turkic Kara-Khanid Khanate is not to be confused with the Sinitic, Khitan Kara-Khitan Khanate. ... The Seljuk Turks (Turkish: Selçuk; Arabic: سلجوق Saljūq, السلاجقة al-Salājiqa; Persian: سلجوقيان Saljūqiyān; also Seldjuk, Seldjuq, Seljuq) were a major branch of the Oghuz Turks and a dynasty that occupied parts of Central Asia and the Middle East from the 11th to 14th centuries. ... The Kara-Khitan Khanate (Simplified Chinese: 西辽; Traditional Chinese: 西遼; pinyin: XÄ« Liaó) (1124 or 1125-1218), also known as Western Liao was established by Yelü Dashi (耶律大石) who led around 100,000 Khitan remnants after escaping Jurchen conquest of their native country, the Khitan dynasty (also known as Liao Dynasty). ... Honorary guard of Mongolia. ... Honorary guard of Mongolia. ... // Events May 13 - End of the reign of Emperor Juntoku, emperor of Japan Emperor ChÅ«kyō briefly reigns over Japan Former Emperor Go-Toba leads an unsuccessful rebellion against the Kamakura Shogunate Emperor Go-Horikawa ascends to the throne of Japan January - Mongol Army under Jochi captures the city of...

The name Qarluk could be a derivative of Qara (Black) and "-lik" (people of, pertaining to), which literally means "Black folks". It is at different points of time, employed as a label contradistinctive of Sarlik, or "Yellow people". The color-label could be arbitrary, or otherwise describing physical characteristics of two different Turkic populations of mongoloid (black-haired) and caucasoid (yellow-haired) features, respectively. Many Turkic confederations, such as the Hunnish ancestors of modern Kazakhs, the Kyrgyz, and the Western Turks employed this black-yellow distinction. This adds to the obscurity regarding the Qarluks' true tribal affiliation. The Qarluks' indentifying with the color black is perhaps attested in the exaltation of this color-symbol in the Karakhanid state. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Many historians consider the Huns (meaning person in Mongolian language) the first Mongolian and Turkic people mentioned in European history. ... The Kazakhs (also spelled Kazak or Qazaq), (in Kazakh: Қазақ []; in Russian: Казах; English term is the transliteration from Russian) are a Turkic people of the northern parts of Central Asia (largely Kazakhstan, but also found in parts of Russia and China). ... Kirghiz (also Kyrgyz) are a Turkic ethnic group found primarily in Kyrgyzstan. ...

After the absorption of the Karakhanid state by the Chagatay Khanate, the ethnonym Qarluk became rarely used. Although a certain Muslim group during the Yuan Dynasty in Turpan was labeled Kara-Hui. The Qarluk Turkic language was the primary basis for the later lingua-franca of the Chagatay Khanate and Central Asia under the Timurid Khanate. It is therefore designated by linguists and historians as the Chagatay Turkic language. But its contemporaries such as Timur-Lenk or Babur, simply called it Turki. In the 20th century, the geopolitical Great Game among great powers demanded the creation of modern nationalities among Central Asian Turks. The ethnonym Qarluk was not revived. Instead, Uzbek and Uyghur became the two major divisions among speakers of modern varients of the Chagatay Turkic language. Of course, under these two modern nationalities there are subgroups like the Uyghur Dolan, Aynur and several regional populations of the Uzbeks, some of which sharing more similarities with Kipchak groups like the Karakalpaks and Kazakhs or with Iranic Tajiks than with fellow Uzbeks who speak a descendant of the Qarluk Turkic language. The Yuan Dynasty (Chinese: ; pinyin: Yuáncháo; Mongolian: Dai Ön Yeke Mongghul Ulus) lasting officially from 1271 to 1368. ... Turfan (Modern Chinese 吐魯番; pinyin: Tulufan, ancient Chinese Gaochang, also: Kao-chang, Turpan) is an oasis city in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Hui can refer to: Hui people, a Chinese ethnic group. ... The Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken across a vast area from Eastern Europe to Siberia and Western China with an estimated 140 million native speakers and tens of millions of second-language speakers. ... Zahiruddin Babur, or Zahir-ud-din Mohammad Babur (February 14, 1483 – December 26, 1530) (Persian: ظﮩیرالدین محمد بابر, also spelled ) was a Muslim Emperor from Central Asia who founded the Mughal dynasty of India. ... The Great Game is a term, usually attributed to Arthur Connolly, used to describe the rivalry and strategic conflict between the British Empire and the Tsarist Russian Empire for supremacy in Central Asia. ... Nationality is, in English usage, a legal relationship existing between a person and a state. ... The Uyghur (Uyghur: ئۇيغۇر; Uighur Simplified Chinese: 维吾尔; Traditional Chinese: 維吾爾; Pinyin: Wéiwúěr; Turkish: Uygur) are a Turkic people, forming one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the Peoples Republic of China. ... Kipchaks (also Kypchaks, Qipchaqs) are an ancient Turkic people, first mentioned in the historical chronicles of Central Asia in the 1st millennium BC. Their language was also known as Kipchak. ... Karakalpak (also Kara Kalpak; Qara-Qalpaq; and other variants. ... The Kazakhs (also spelled Kazak or Qazaq), (in Kazakh: Қазақ []; in Russian: Казах; English term is the transliteration from Russian) are a Turkic people of the northern parts of Central Asia (largely Kazakhstan, but also found in parts of Russia and China). ... Tajikmay refer to: Tajiks, an ethnic group living in Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran, and China The Tajik language, the official language of Tajikistan The Arabic-schooled, ethnically Persian administrative caste of the Turco-Persian society. ...