Qawwali (Urdu: قوٌالی, Hindi: क़वाली) is the devotional music of the Chishti Sufis of the Indian Subcontinent. Qawwali is a vibrant musical tradition that stretches back more than 700 years. Originally performed mainly at Sufi shrines throughout what is now India and Pakistan, it has also gained mainstream popularity. Qawwali music received international exposure through the work of the late Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan of Pakistan, who was picked up by the Real World label and also collaborated with many non-Sufi musicians in crossover efforts. Listeners, and often artists themselves are transported to a state of wajad, a trance-like state where they feel at one with God, generally considered to be the height of spiritual ecstasy in Sufism. The phrase Zaban-e Urdu-e Mualla written in Urdu Urdu () is an Indo-European language of the Indo-Aryan family that developed under Persian, Turkish, Arabic, Hindi, and Sanskrit influence in South Asia during the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire (1200-1800). ... Hindi ( , Devanagari: or , IAST: , IPA: ), an Indo-European language spoken mainly in northern and central India, is the official language of the Union along with English. ... A devotional song is a hymn which accompanies religious observences and rituals. ... The Chishti Order was founded by Khwaja Abu Ishaq Shami (the Syrian) (d. ... Sufism (Arabic تصوف taṣawwuf) is a system of esoteric philosophy commonly associated with Islam. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The term Real World or real world may mean: the stage of life that one enters after completing ones schooling, as in the sentence, After students enter the real world, they may not be able to sleep late as often as they did while in school. ... Ecstasy is called Wajad by Sufis: it is especially cultivated among the Chishtis. ...

Origins

The roots of Qawwali can be traced back to 8th century Persia. However, Qawwali in the form we know it today was essentially created by Amir Khusrau in the late 13th century in India. Abul Hasan Yaminuddin Khusrau (1253-1325 AD), better known as Amir Khusro Dehlavi, is one of Indias greatest poets. ...

During the first major migration from Persia, in the 11th century, the musical tradition of Sama migrated to the Indian subcontinent, Turkey and Uzbekistan. Rumi and his Mevlana order of Sufism have been the propagators of Sama in Central Asia. Amir Khusrau of the Chisti order of Sufis is credited with fusing the Persian and South Asian musical traditions, to create Qawwali as well as the Hindustani classical music tradition. The word "Sama" is used (or is the preferred name) in Central Asia and Turkey, for forms very similar to Qawwali. And even in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, the formal name used for a session of Qawwali is "Mehfil-e-Sama". Look up sama in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Map of South Asia (see note) This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia. ... Rumi (born November 29, 1982) is a Persian-Canadian Singer-songwriter and a Photographer who is currently based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. ... The Chishti Order was founded by Khwaja Abu Ishaq Shami (the Syrian) (d. ... Tariqah ( transliteration: ; pl. ... Moosiqi Asil or Persian music is the traditional and indigenous music of Persia and Persian-speaking countries: musiqi, the science and art of music, and moosiqi, the sound and performance of music (Sakata 1983). ... Hindustani Classical Music is an Indian classical music tradition that took shape in northern India in the 13th and 14th centuries AD from existing religious, folk, and theatrical performance practices. ...

See Origin and History of the Qawwali, Adam Nayyar, Lok Virsa Research Centre, Islamabad, 1988. (Urdu: اسلام آباد) is the capital city of Pakistan, and is located in the Potohar Plateau in the northwest of the country. ...

Song content

The songs which constitute the qawwali repertoire are mostly in Urdu and Punjabi (almost equally divided between the two), though there are several songs in Persian, Brajbhasha and Siraiki. There is also qawwali in some regional languages (e.g., Chhote Babu Qawwal sings in Bengali), but the regional language tradition is relatively obscure. Also, the sound of the regional language qawwali can be totally different from that of mainstream qawwali. This is certainly true of Chhote Babu Qawwal, whose sound is much closer to Baul music than to the qawwali of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, for example. Urdu ( , , trans. ... Punjabi (also Panjabi; in Gurmukhī, Panjābī in Shāhmukhī) is the language of the Punjab regions of India and Pakistan. ... Persian (Local names: فارسی Fârsi or پارسی Pârsi)* is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan as well as by minorities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, India, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... Brij Bhasha, also called Braj Bhasha, Braj Bhakha, or Daihaati Zabaan (country tongue), is a Central Indo-Aryan language closely related to Hindi. ... Saraiki is an old language spoken in central Pakistan. ... Bengali or Bangla (IPA: ) is an Indo-Aryan language of the eastern Indian subcontinent, evolved from the Magadhi Prakrit, Pāli and Sanskrit languages. ... Baul on a train in West Bengal Bauls (Bengali: বাউল) are a group of mystic minstrels from Bengal, which comprises Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

The poetry is implicitly understood to be spiritual in its meaning, even though the lyrics can sometimes sound wildly secular, or outright hedonistic. The central themes of qawwali are love, devotion and longing (of man for the Divine).

Qawwalis are classified by their content into several categories:

• A hamd is a song in praise of Allah. Traditionally, a qawwali performance starts with a hamd.
• A naat is a song in praise of the Prophet Muhammad. The opening hamd is traditionally followed by a naat.
• A manqabat is a song in praise of either Imam Ali or one of the Sufi saints. Interestingly, manqabats in praise of Ali are sung at both Sunni and Shi'a gatherings. If one is sung, it will follow right after the naat. There is usually at least one manqabat in a traditional programme.
• A marsiya is a lamentation over the death of much of Ali's family in the Battle of Karbala. Once again, this would typically be sung only at a Shi'a concert.
• A ghazal is a song that sounds secular on the face of it. There are two extended metaphors that run through ghazals -- the joys of drinking and the agony of separation from the beloved. These songs feature exquisite poetry, and can certainly be taken at face value, and enjoyed at that level. In fact, in India and Pakistan, ghazal is also a separate, distinct musical genre in which many of the same songs are performed in a different musical style, and in a secular context. In the context of that genre, the songs are usually taken at face value, and no deeper meaning is necessarily implied. But in the context of qawwali, these songs of intoxication and yearning use secular metaphors to poignantly express the soul's longing for union with the Divine, and its joy in loving the Divine. In the songs of intoxication, "Wine" represents "knowledge of the Divine", the "Cupbearer" (saaqi) is God or a spiritual guide, the "Tavern" is the metaphorical place where the soul may (or may not) be fortunate enough to attain spiritual enlightenment. (The "Tavern" is emphatically not a conventional house of worship.) Intoxication is attaining spiritual knowledge, or being filled with the joy of loving the Divine. In the songs of yearning, the soul, having been abandoned in this world by that cruel and cavalier lover, God, sings of the agony of separation, and the depth of its yearning for reunion.
• A kafi is a song in Punjabi, which is in the unique style of poets such as Shah Hussain and Baba Bulleh Shah. Two of the more popular Kafis include Ni Main Jana Jogi De Naal and Mera Piya Ghar Aaya.
• A munadjaat is a song where the singer displays his thanks to Allah through a variety of linguistic techniques. It is often sung in Persian, with Mawlana Rumi credited as its inventor.

A hamd (حمد) is a poem or song in praise of God. ... Allah is the Arabic language word for God. ... A Naat (Persian: نعت ) is poetry that specifically praises the prophet Muhammad. ... Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ... A manqabat is a Qawwali or Sufi devotional song, in praise of Ameer - ul - Momineen Hazrat Ali (AS). ... Ali ibn Abi Talib (علي بن أبي طالب) (c. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... Shia Islam ( Arabic شيعى follower; English has traditionally used Shiite or Shiite) is the second largest Islamic denomination; some 20-25% of all Muslims are said to follow a Shia tradition. ... Marsiya is a form of Urdu poetry consisting of six lines per passagem organized according to the rhyming scheme Veronica Travers. ... The Battle of Karbala took place on Muharram 10, 61 AH (October 9 or 10, 680 CE) [1] [2] in Karbala, in present day Iraq. ... Shia Islam ( Arabic شيعى follower; English has traditionally used Shiite or Shiite) is the second largest Islamic denomination; some 20-25% of all Muslims are said to follow a Shia tradition. ... Information in this article or section has not been verified against sources and may not be reliable. ... Kafi is a classical form of poetry originating from the Punjab. ...

Composition of a qawwali party

A group of qawwali musicians, called a party, typically consists of eight or nine men — women are, for all intents and purposes, excluded from traditional Muslim music as respectable women are traditionally prohibited from singing in the presence of men, though these traditions are changing — including a lead singer, one or two side singers, one or two harmoniums (which may be played by lead singer, side singer or someone else), and percussion. If there is only one percussionist, he plays the tabla and dholak, usually the tabla with the left hand and the dholak with the right. Often there will be two percussionists, in which case one might play the tabla and the other the dholak. There is also a chorus of four or five men who repeat key verses, and who aid and abet percussion by hand-clapping. A Harmonium is a free-standing musical keyboard instrument similar to a Reed Organ or Pipe Organ. ... A typical set of Tabla. ... The Dholak (sometimes dholaki) is a classical North Indian hand drum. ...

The performers sit in two rows — the lead singer, side singers and harmonium players in the front row, and the chorus and percussionists in the back row.

Before the fairly recent introduction of the harmonium, qawwalis were usually accompanied by the sarangi. The sarangi had to be retuned between songs; the harmonium didn't, and was soon preferred. This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ...

Musical structure

Songs are usually between 15 to 30 minutes long. However, the longest commercially released qawwali runs slightly over 115 minutes (Hashr Ke Roz Yeh Poochhunga by Aziz Mian Qawwal). The qawwali maestro Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan has at least two songs that are more than 60 minutes long. Aziz Mian Qawwal (Urdu: عزیز میاں قوال) (April 17, 1942 – December 6, 2000) was one of Pakistans most famous Qawwals. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

Qawwalis tend to begin gently and build steadily to a very high energy level in order to induce hypnotic states both among the musicians and within the audience. Songs are usually arranged as follows:

1. They start with an instrumental prelude where the main melody is played on the harmonium, accompanied by the tabla, and which may include improvised variations of the melody.
2. Then comes the alap, a long tonal improvised melody during which the singers intone different long notes, in the raag of the song to be played.
3. The lead singer begins to sing some preamble verses which are typically not part of the main song, although thematically related to it. These are sung unrhythmically, improvised following the raag, and accompanied only by the harmonium. After the lead singer sings a verse, one of the side singers will repeat the verse, perhaps with his own improvisation. A few or many verses will be sung in this way, leading into the main song.
4. As the main song begins, the tabla, dholak and clapping begin. All members join in the singing of the verses that constitute the refrain. Normally neither the lyrics of the main verses nor the melodies that go with them are improvised; in fact, these are often traditional songs sung by many groups, especially within the same lineage. As the song proceeds, the lead singer or one of the side singers may break out into an alap. Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan also popularized the interjection of sargam singing at this point. The song usually builds in tempo and passion, with each singer trying to outdo the other in terms of vocal acrobatics. Some singers may do long periods of sargam improvisation, especially alternating improvisations with a student singer. The songs usually end suddenly.

The singing style of qawwali is different from Western singing styles in many ways. For example, in words beginning with an "m", Western singers are apt to stress the vowel following the "m" rather than the "m" itself, whereas in qawwali, the "m" will usually be held, producing a muted tone. Also in qawwali, there is no distinction between what is known as the chest voice and the neck voice (the different areas that sound will resonate in depending on the frequency sung). Rather, qawwals sing very loudly and forcefully, which allows them to extend their chest voice to much higher frequencies than those used in Western singing, even though this usually causes a more noisy or strained sound than would be acceptable in the West. The Alap (pronounced ah-laap) is the opening section of a typical North-Indian rãg (or raga). ... Raga (rāg /राग (Hindi), raga (anglicised from rāgaḥ/रागः (Sanskrit)) or rāgam /ராகம் (Tamil)) are the melodic modes used in Indian classical music. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Swara. ... Human voice is sound made by a person using the vocal folds for talking, singing or crying. ...

Singing Order in Chistiya

• Instrumental: This is supposed to be the announcement of the arrival of Khawaja Moinuddin Chishti's, as Sufi believes their saints are free of time-space. Also that Nabi, Siddique, Shaheed, and Saleh category of faithfuls are never dead, just gone into some other state from where they visit whenever they are mentioned, especially if there is a function in their honor.
• Hamd
• Naat
• Manqabat Ali
• Manqabat Ghous: Praise of Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jelani
• Manqabat Khwaja: Praise of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti
• Manqabat Shaikh: Praise of the Shaikh/Pir if it is his anniversary
• Rang or Badhawa: If it is the death anniversary of the Pir, then it is usually Rang, a poem by Amir Khusro. If it is the Shaikh's birthday, it is usually the Badhawa.

Moinuddin Chishti dargah, Ajmer, India Khawaja Moinuddin Chishti (Persian: خواجہ معین الدین چشتی ) was born in 1141 and died in 1230 CE, also known as Gharib Nawaz (Persian: غریب نواز ), is the most famous Sufi saint of the Chishti Order of South Asia. ... Nabi can refer to the Arabic and Hebrew word for Prophet the Korean word for butterfly one of the Nabis, a group of artists in Paris in the 1890s the 2005 Typhoon Nabi North American Bus Industries, a major transit bus manufacturing company Nabi Biopharmaceuticals, a Biopharmaceutical company based in... Siddiq (Arabic word meaning truthful) is an Islamic term and is given as an Honorific title to certain individuals. ... Historically, a martyr is a person who dies for his or her religious faith. ... Saleh (Arabic: صالح) is a prophet of Islam and is mentioned in the Quran. ... A hamd (حمد) is a poem or song in praise of God. ... A Naat (Persian: نعت ) is poetry that specifically praises the prophet Muhammad. ... A manqabat is a Qawwali or Sufi devotional song, in praise of Ameer - ul - Momineen Hazrat Ali (AS). ... Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jelani (Arabic: عبد القادر الجيلانى ) was a noted Hanbali preacher, Sufi sheikh and the eponymous founder of the Qadiri Sufi order (selsela). ... Moinuddin Chishti dargah, Ajmer, India Khawaja Moinuddin Chishti (Persian: خواجہ معین الدین چشتی ) was born in 1141 and died in 1230 CE, also known as Gharib Nawaz (Persian: غریب نواز ), is the most famous Sufi saint of the Chishti Order of South Asia. ... Abul Hasan Yaminuddin Khusro (1253-1325 CE), better known as Amir Khusro Dehlavi (in Persian اميرخسرو دهلوى), is one of the iconic figures in the cultural history of the Indian subcontinent. ...

Legendary Qawwals of the Past

• Aziz Ahmed Warsi
• Aziz Mian Qawwal
• Badar Ali Khan (aka Badar Miandad)
• Bahauddin Qutbuddin
• Fateh Ali Khan Mubarik Ali Khan
• Jafar Husain Khan Badauni
• Muhammed Saeed Chishti
• Munshi Raziuddin
• Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan
• Sabri Brothers

Aziz Mian Qawwal (Urdu: عزیز میاں قوال) (April 17, 1942 – December 6, 2000) was one of Pakistans most famous Qawwals. ... Badar Ali Khan was the son of Aziz Mian Qawwal, one of the famous qawwals of all times. ... Ustad Qawwal Bahauddin (1934 - 3 February 2006) was an Indian/Pakistani Qawwali musician of the shudh tradition. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The Sabri Brothers (Urdu: صابری برادران) are a Qawwali party from Pakistan. ...

Well-known Qawwals of Today

• Abida Parveen
• Amjad Sabri
• Aziz Nazan
• Bakshi Javed Salamat
• Chhote Aziz Nazan
• Faiz Ali Faiz
• Fareed Ayaz
• Ghulam Sabir Nizami and Ghulam Waris Nizami

Ghulam Sabir and Ghulam Waris Nizami are one of the most famed Qawwali Singer, in the Sufi, style Astana Gayki as well as the modern Qawwali tradition, They belong to the legendary Sikandrabad Gharana, Wich gave Indian Musical Giants such as Ustad Qudratulla Khan Sahab & Ustad Kifayatullah Khan Sahab. Being these son of Aziz-uz-Zama. Nizami brothers have learnt singing from late Qawwali Samrat Ustad Inam Ahmad Khan Mehboob Ragi. Haji Ustad Altaf Hussain Khan Sahab "Padam Bhushan" of the acclaimed Khurja Gharana woh was his maternal Uncle Ustad Wahid Hussain Khan Sahab prabhudas respectively. Ancestors of these traditional Gharana were too most classical vocalist. Dhurapdiyas, Composers, Musicologists and Poets since last move then 700 years Ghulam Sabir of HZT. Nizamuddin Aulia & HZT Khuwaja Ameer Khursro (R.) in old Delhi. He has been awarded with several titles, including "Khusro Nizami" from the Dargah HZT. Nizamuddin Aulia, International "Ameer Khusro awards. Husn Ara Trust Born and brought up in Delhi. Ghluam Sabir is a most Sought after Qawwali Singer in India. He Started Singing from his early childhood & has performed not only all over India but also in many foreign Countries. Nizami brother have toured all over the Gulf, Africa, England, Spain, Sri Lanka & other Europe country's. Organize through (A.M.C.) Asian Music Circuit and ( I.C.C.R.) Indian Council for Culture Relations. Begum Abida Parveen (Urdu: عابدہ پروین), a Pakistani singer, is one of the foremost exponents of Sufi music. ...

Nizami brother are outstanding artist of all India Radio and Doordarshan. National & Inter National programmes, Several times.

Nizami borthers have performed in many festivals & International festivals as well as Qutub festival, Jhansi festival, Ruhaniyat festival, Patiyala Hasitahe festival. They have also performed Royal Albert Hall, London & womad festival etc.

He is a very good musician there and has taught music at Faridabad College Haryana for more then 12 years, last years Swar Utsav Music today featured the in a live concert at India Gate New Delhi. Which was highly successful. The Programme is also released on cassettes and disc by music today. His famous Qawwali like "Sone Ke Kalas Wale Khawaja Tu Bada Gharib Nawaz Hai, Shahe Madina have been recorded on cassettes & released by famous music companies like, Tips, T-Series music today, Shree Music and Sonotone. He has more then 30 cassettes, CD& DVD to his credit.

Qawwali is a form of devotional singing bi furcated in to Khayal singing rooted in the mystical tradition of the Sufis where is a powerful spirit relation A Number of representatives of the various traditional musicians Gharana adopted as well as excellent in the Qawwali singing (HZT Ameer Khusro Qawwali bacchay music traditions) which has become the past and parcel of the strong musical tradition (Classical and Lights) of our country, Nizami brothers belong to the same sect of traditional Qawwali Singer.

Nizami Brothers Ghulam Sabir Nizami & Ghulam Waris Nizami International Qawwals Ghulam Sabir Nizami and Ghulam Waris Nizami are one of the most famed Qawwali Singers, in the Sufi Style, Aastana Gayaki as well as the modern Qawwali tradition, They belong to the legendary Sikandrabad Gharan, which gave Indian Musical giants such as Ustad Qudratullah Khan Sahab and Ustad Kifayatullah Khan Sahab. Being the sons of Aziz-uz-Zaman Khan, Ghulam Sabir and Gulam Waris Nizami have learnt Singing from late Qawwali Samrat Ustad Inam Ahmed Khan "Mehboob Rafi", Haji Ustad Altaf Hussain Khan Saheb "Padma Bhusan" Ustad Wahid Hussain Khan "Parbhu Dass" of the acclaimed "Khurja Gharana" who were his maternal grand father and maternal uncle respectively. Ancestors of these traditional Gharana were top most Classical Cocalists, Dhurpadiys, Composers, Musicologists and Poets, since last more than 700 years. Ghulam Sabir Nizami Qawwal & brothers are Darbari Astana Singers of Hazrat Khwaja Nizamuddin Aulia Hazrat Khwaja Amir Khusrau (R.A) in New Delhi. He has been awarded with several titles, including "Khusrau Nizami" from the Dargah Nizamuddin Aulia. ("International Ameer Khusrau" award "Husan Aara Trust") Born and brought up in Delhi, Ghulam Sabir is a most sought after Qawwali singer in India. He started singing from his early childhood and has performed not only all over India but also in many foreign Countries. Nizami brothers have toured all over the Gulf and African Countries Sri Lanka and Pakistan. Last year, they had a very successful concert tour to African countries organized through India Council for Cultural Relation (ICCR). Ghulam Sabir Nizani is and A grade artist at All India Radio and has performed at Doordarshan" National and International prgrammes, several times. He has and equal command over traditional Qawwahli, as well as modern Qawwali trend. He is a very Good music teacher and has taught music at Faridabad College Haryana for more then 12 years. Last year Swar Utsav 'Music Today" featured them in a live concert at India Gate, New Delhi which was highly successful. The programme is also released on cassette and discs by Music Today. His famous Qawwali like "Sone Ke Kalas Wale Khwaja" "Tu Bada Gharib Nawaz Hai" and Shahe-Madina recorded on cassettes and released by famous Music Companies like Tips, T-Series, Music Today and Sontone. He has more than 30 cassettes, CD's & DVD's to his credit. Qawwali is a form of devotional singing bifurcated into Khayal singing rooted in the musical tradition of the Sufis where music is a powerful spirit relation. A number of representatives of the varrious traditional musicians Gharanas adopted as well as excelled in the Qawwali singing (Hazrat Ameer Khusro-Qawwahl Bachche music tradition) which has become the part and parcel of the strong Musical Tradition (Classical & Lights) of our country. Ghulam Sabir Nizami (Nizami Brothers) belong to the same sect of traditional Qawwali Singers.

• Mehr Ali Sher Ali
• Najmuddin Saifuddin
• Rahat Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan
• Rizwan-Muazzam
• Sher Miandad Khan
• Waheed and Naveed Chishti

Rahat Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan is a singer in the Qawwali style native to Pakistan and India. ... The Rizwan-Muazzam Qawwali Group is a Qawwali duo. ...

Sample Qawwali's

Software development stages In computer programming, development stage terminology expresses how the development of a piece of software has progressed and how much further development it may require. ... Bulleh Shah Bulleh Shah (1680 – 1757)(Punjabi: ), whose real name was Abdullah Shah, was a Punjabi Sufi poet and humanist. ...

See also

• Islamic music
• Religious ecstasy
• Music of Pakistan
• Music of India
• Filmi qawwali
• Sema

Islamic music is Muslim religious music, as sung or played in public services or private devotions. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The music of Pakistan is probably one of the most diverse selection of music in the whole world within one country; being at the crossroads of Central Asia, Iran, the Middle East and India. ... Timeline and Samples Genres Classical (Carnatic and Hindustani) - Rock - Pop - Hip hop Awards Bollywood Music Awards - Punjabi Music Awards Charts Festivals Sangeet Natak Akademi – Thyagaraja Aradhana – Cleveland Thyagaraja Aradhana Media Sruti, The Music Magazine National anthem Jana Gana Mana, also national song Vande Mataram Music of the states Andaman and... Filmi qawwali (Urdu: فلمی قوٌالی, Hindi: फ़ल्मी क़वाली) is a form of qawwali music found in the Bollywood film industry. ... Specialty Equipment Market Association (SEMA) of the automobile aftermarket was formed in 1963 by Roy Richter, Ed Iskenderian, Willie Garner, Bob Hedman, John Bartlett, Phil Weiand, Jr. ...

External links

• Origin and History of the Qawwali, Adam Nayyar, Lok Virsa Research Centre, Islamabad. 1988.
• Fan site of the Legend of Qawwali, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan
• Qawwali songs in Punjabi and Urdu to stream (Windows Media Player and Realplayer) or download (MP3 format)
• QAWWALI PAGE Islamic Devotional Music by David Courtney, Ph.D.
• Blog with a large selection of Urdu/Hindi Sufi inspired poetry including qawwali translations and transliterations
• Yahoo discussion group dedicated to Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and Qawwali (includes photographs, lyrics, translations, song lists)
• Munshi Raziuddin and Fareed Ayaz Qawwal (Self-promotional site)
• Site dedicated to Rizwan-Muazzam Qawwali
• Documentary: Music of Pakistan (52 min.)
• Qawwali lyrics with few translations (Nusrat, Sabri, Aziz Mian, Rizwan Muazzam, Abida, Fareed Ayaz, and more)
• Qawwali Songs (Nusrat, Sabri, Aziz Mian)