In Sunni Islamic jurisprudence, Qiyas is the process of analogical reasoning from a known injunction (nass) to a new injunction. Both Sunni Islam and Shi'a Islam share Qur'anic interpretation, the Sunnah, and Ijma' (consensus) as sources of Islamic law, although the two sects differ significantly with regards to the manner in which they use these sources. The sects differ on the fourth source. Sunni Islam uses qiyas as the fourth source, whereas Shi'a Islam uses 'aql (intellect). Islamic jurisprudence, Fiqh (in Arabic and Persian: فقه) is made up of the rulings of Islamic scholars to direct the lives of the Muslim faithful. ... The Quran (Arabic: al-qurān; its literal meaning is the recitation and is often called Al Qurān Al Karīm: The Noble Quran or The Glorious Qurān, also transliterated as Quran, Koran, and less commonly Alcoran) is the holy book of Islam. ... Sunna redirects to here, which can also refer to Sunne or Frau Sonne, a Scandinavian sun goddess, also known as Sol. ...
Example of qiyas
For example, qiyas is applied to the injunction against wine drinking to create an injunction against cocaine use. A glass of red wine This article is about the beverage. ... Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. ...
Identification of a clear, known thing or action that might have bear a resemblance to the modern situation, such as the wine drinking.
Identification of the ruling on the known thing. Wine drinking is haraam, prohibited.
Identification of the reason behind the known ruling ('illah). For example, wine drinking is haram because it intoxicates. Intoxication is bad because it removes muslims from mindfulness of God. This reason behind the reason is termed hikmah.
The reason behind the known ruling is applied to the unknown thing. For instance cocaine use intoxicates the user, removing the user from mindfulness of God. It is therefore prohibited.
The sometimes harsh results of qiyas can sometimes be mitigated by disputed practice of Istihsan (Equity). Haraam is an Arabic word, used in Islam to refer to anything that is prohibited by the faith. ...
Qiyas is the attempt through analogical reasoning to determine how the principles of the Qur'an and the Sunnah could be applied to a situation not clearly addressed through these sources.
In the eighteenth century a group known as Wahhabiyyah emerged with the purpose of "purifying" Islam of non-Islamic accretions such as the worship of the saints.
Integral to this project was the attempt to base Islamic law solely on the Qur'an and the Sunnah through the rejection of qiyas and ijma' as elements within the Shari 'ah.
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