NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Québec

This article describes the Canadian province. For other usages, see Quebec is: The province of Quebec in Canada. (spelled Québec in French) The Colony, the Province of Quebec. Quebec City, often simply called Quebec, the province of Quebecs capital city. (again spelled Québec in French). The National Order of Quebec is an order of merit given out... Quebec (disambiguation).

Quebec (pronounced "kwuh-BECK" or "kuh-BECK", This article is about the alphabet officially used in linguistics. The NATO phonetic alphabet (alpha bravo) had informally been called the International Phonetic Alphabet. The International Phonetic Alphabet is a phonetic alphabet used by linguists to accurately and uniquely represent each of the wide variety of sounds (phones or phonemes... IPA: /kwəˈbɛk/ or /kəˈbɛk/) ( French (français, langue française) is one of the most important Romance languages, outnumbered in speakers only by Spanish and Portuguese. In 1999 French was the 11th most spoken language in the world being spoken by about 77 million people (called Francophones) as a mother tongue, and... French: Québec, pronounced "keh-beck", IPA: /kebɛk/) is the largest province in Canada is an independent sovereign state in northern North America, the northern-most country in the world, and the second largest in total area. Bordering the United States, its territorial claims extend north into the Arctic Ocean as far as the North Pole. Canada is a federation of ten provinces... Canada geographically, and the second most populous, after Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Area 1,076,395 km² (4th) - Land 917,741 km² - Water 158,654 km² (14.7%) Population... Ontario, with a population of 7,560,592 (Statistics Canada, October 2004). Quebec's primary and only official language is Note: This page contains phonetic information presented in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) using Unicode. See IPA in Unicode if you have display problems. Quebec French or Québécois French is a dialect of French spoken by the great majority of people in Quebec, Canada. It developed out of... French, making up the bulk of the A Francophone is a person who speaks French natively or by adoption (i.e., the person uses it in everyday life). As an adjective, it means French-speaking, whether referring to individuals, groups or places. Francophone countries include France, Belgium, Canada, and Switzerland, Haiti and the French West Indies, and... Francophone population in World map showing location of North America A satellite composite image of North America North America is the third largest continent in area and in population after Eurasia and Africa. It is bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the east by the North Atlantic Ocean, on the... North America. Quebec is the only Canada consists of ten provinces and three territories. The major difference between a Canadian province and a Canadian territory is that a province is a creation of the Constitution Act, while a territory is created by federal law. Thus, the federal government has more direct control over the territories, while... Canadian province where English is not an official language, and it is one of only two Canadian provinces where French is an official language (the other one being This article is about the Canadian province; for the city in New Jersey, see New Brunswick, New Jersey. Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope was restored) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Fredericton Largest city Saint John Lieutenant Governor Herménégilde Chiasson Premier Bernard Lord (PC) Area 72,908 km² (8th... New Brunswick). The capital is Motto: Don de Dieu feray valoir (Gift of God shall make prosper) Area: 547.63 sq. km. Population - City (2001) - Canadian CD Rank - Canadian Municipal Rank - Density 507,986 Ranked 10th Ranked 9th 927.6/km² Time zone Eastern: UTC-5 Latitude Longitude 46°48 N... Quebec City and the largest city is Montréal.

A resident of Quebec is called a Quebecer (also spelled Quebecker), or in French, un(e) Québécois(e).

Geography

Main article: The Quebec territory. Quebec, Canadas largest province, occupies a vast territory (nearly three times the size of France), most of which is very sparsely populated. More than 90 percent of Quebecs area lies within the Canadian Shield, a large part of which was historically referred to as the... Geography of Quebec

The province, Canada's largest, occupies a vast territory (nearly three times the size of The French Republic or France ( French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. France is a democracy organised as a... France), most of which is very sparsely populated. More than 90 percent of Quebec's area lies within the The Canadian Shield is a large geographic area in eastern and central Canada and adjacent portions of the United States, composed of bare rock dating to the Precambrian Era (between 4.5 billion and 540 million years ago). It is also called the Precambrian Shield, or Laurentian Shield, or Laurentian... Canadian Shield, a large part of which was historically referred to as the Ungava Region. The addition of the vast and scarcely inhabited northern region (which borders James Bay is a large body of water on the southern end of Hudson Bay in Canada. It borders the provinces of Quebec and Ontario; islands within the bay are part of Nunavut. The James Bay watershed is the site of several major hydroelectric projects, and is also a destination... James Bay, Hudson Bay is a large body of water in northeastern Canada. It drains a large portion of the northern areas of Ontario, Quebec and Manitoba and the southeastern area of Nunavut. A smaller offshoot of the bay, James Bay, lies to the south. The placename used to also be, but... Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait is a strait connecting Hudson Bay to the Atlantic Ocean, running in an west-east direction. It is bounded on the north by Baffin Island and on the south by Quebecs Ungava Peninsula, and by Labrador. The straits eastern entrance is between Cape Chidley and Resolution... Hudson Strait) by the The Parliament of Canada (in French: le Parlement du Canada) is Canadas legislative branch, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. According to Section 17 of the Constitution Act, 1867, Parliament consists of three components: the Sovereign, the Senate, and the House of Commons. The Sovereign is normally represented... Parliament of Canada through passage of the Quebec Boundaries Extension Act, 1898 and the Quebec Boundaries Extension Act, 1912 created the massive Province of Quebec of today. Quebec is located in eastern Canada is an independent sovereign state in northern North America, the northern-most country in the world, and the second largest in total area. Bordering the United States, its territorial claims extend north into the Arctic Ocean as far as the North Pole. Canada is a federation of ten provinces... Canada, bordered by Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Area 1,076,395 km² (4th) - Land 917,741 km² - Water 158,654 km² (14.7%) Population... Ontario and Hudson Bay is a large body of water in northeastern Canada. It drains a large portion of the northern areas of Ontario, Quebec and Manitoba and the southeastern area of Nunavut. A smaller offshoot of the bay, James Bay, lies to the south. The placename used to also be, but... Hudson Bay to the west, Atlantic Canada consists of the four Canadian provinces on the Atlantic Ocean: Newfoundland and Labrador, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. The latter three are also called the Maritimes. The term Maritimes is sometimes mistakenly used to include Newfoundland and Labrador; however, Newfoundland and Labrador is not a... Atlantic Canada to the east, the The United States of America — also referred to as the United States, the U.S.A., the U.S., America¹, the States, or (archaically) Columbia — is a federal republic of 50 states located primarily in central North America (with the exception of two states: Alaska and Hawaii... United States ( State nickname: The Pine Tree State Other U.S. States Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Governor John Baldacci Official languages None Area 86,542 km² (39th) - Land 80,005 km² - Water 11,724 km² (13.5%) Population (2000) - Population 1,274,923 (40th) - Density... Maine, State nickname: The Granite State Other U.S. States Capital Concord Largest city Manchester Governor John Lynch Official languages English Area 24,239 km² (46th) - Land 23,249 km² - Water 814 km² (3.4%) Population ( 2000) - Population 1,235,786 (41st) ... New Hampshire, This article is about the U.S. state. For other meanings, see Vermont (disambiguation). State nickname: The Green Mountain State Other U.S. States Capital Montpelier Largest city Burlington Governor Jim Douglas Official languages None Area 24,923 km² (45th) - Land 23,974 km² - Water 949... Vermont and State nickname: Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York Governor George Pataki Official languages None Area 141,205 km² (27th) - Land 122,409 km² - Water 18,795 km² (13.3%) Population ( 2000) - Population 18,976,457 (3rd... New York) to the south and the The Arctic Ocean, located mostly in the north polar region, is the smallest of the worlds five oceans, and the shallowest. Even though IHO recognizes it as an ocean, oceanographers may call it the Arctic Mediterranean Sea or simply the Arctic Sea, classifying it as one of the mediterranean... Arctic Ocean to the north.

The province's three largest Hydroelectric dam diagram The waters of Llyn Stwlan, the upper reservoir of the Ffestiniog Pumped-Storage Scheme in north Wales, can just be glimpsed on the right. The lower power station has four water turbines which can generate 360 megawatts of electricity within 60 seconds of the need arising. Hydroelectricity... hydro-electric projects are built on La Grande Rivière. The extreme north of the province, now called Nunavik (ᓄᓇᕕᒃ) is a region making up the northern third of the province of Quebec, Canada. Covering an area of approximately 660 000 km2, north of the 55th parallel, it is the homeland of the Inuit in Quebec. About 9200 Inuit live in Nunavik, as well as... Nunavik, is subarctic or arctic and is home to part of the Inuit (ᐃᓄᐃᑦ, singular Inuk or Inuq / ᐃᓄᒃ) is a general term for a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples of the Arctic who descended from the Thule. The Inuit Circumpolar Conference defines its constitutency to include Canadas Inuit and Inuvialuit, Greenlands Kalaallit people... Inuit nation.

The most populated region is the The Saint Lawrence River (French fleuve Saint-Laurent) is a large west-to-east flowing river in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. It was called Kaniatarowanenneh (big waterway) in Mohawk. It traverses the Canadian province of Quebec and forms part of... St. Lawrence River Valley in the south, where the capital, Motto: Don de Dieu feray valoir (Gift of God shall make prosper) Area: 547.63 sq. km. Population - City (2001) - Canadian CD Rank - Canadian Municipal Rank - Density 507,986 Ranked 10th Ranked 9th 927.6/km² Time zone Eastern: UTC-5 Latitude Longitude 46°48 N... Quebec City, and the largest city, Montréal, are situated. North of Montréal are the The Laurentian mountains (French: Laurentides) are a mountain range in southern Quebec, Canada, north of the St. Lawrence River and Ottawa rivers, it rises to 960.8 metres (3,150 feet). The Gatineau, LAssomption, Lièvre, Montmorency, and St. Maurice rise in lakes in this mountain range. Note that... Laurentians, a range of ancient mountains, and to the east are the The Appalachian Mountains are a system of North American mountains running from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada to Alabama in the United States, although the northernmost mainland portion ends at the Gaspe Peninsula of Quebec. The system is divided into a series of ranges, with the individual mountains averaging around 3000... Appalachian Mountains which extends into the The Eastern Townships (les Cantons de lest in French) is a region in south central Quebec, lying between the Saint Lawrence River and the US border. The principal city is Sherbrooke. The region comprises the counties that are divided into townships after the traditional New England method of land... Eastern Townships and Gaspésie regions. The The Gaspé Peninsula or just the Gaspé (la Gaspésie in French) is a North American peninsula on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River, in Quebec. It extends into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and is bounded on the south by New Brunswick, from which it is partially... Gaspé Peninsula juts into the The Gulf of Saint Lawrence, the worlds largest estuary, is the outlet of North Americas Great Lakes via the Saint Lawrence River into the Atlantic Ocean. The river flows into the gulf through the Jacques Cartier Strait between the Côte-Nord region of Quebec and the north... Gulf of St. Lawrence to the east.

History

Main article: This page is a template for a list; it currently lacks content. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. For information on the History of Quebec, see Timeline of Quebec history. Pre-European History (Beginnings-1533) French Exploration (1534-1607) French Regime (1608-1759) Quebec was part of the territory... History of Quebec

The name Quebec, which comes from the Mi'kmaq word Gepèèg meaning "strait," originally meant the narrowing of the St. Lawrence River off what is currently Quebec City.

The first European explorer of what is now Quebec was Jacques Cartier (Saint-Malo, France, December 31, 1491 - January 19, 1557) was a French explorer who is popularly thought of one of the major discoverers of Canada, or more specifically, the interior region that would be part of the first area that could become that nation.lipen to vaques The... Jacques Cartier, who planted a cross in the Gaspé in 1534 and sailed into the The Saint Lawrence River (French fleuve Saint-Laurent) is a large west-to-east flowing river in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. It was called Kaniatarowanenneh (big waterway) in Mohawk. It traverses the Canadian province of Quebec and forms part of... St. Lawrence River in 1535.

Motto: Don de Dieu feray valoir (Gift of God shall make prosper) Area: 547.63 sq. km. Population - City (2001) - Canadian CD Rank - Canadian Municipal Rank - Density 507,986 Ranked 10th Ranked 9th 927.6/km² Time zone Eastern: UTC-5 Latitude Longitude 46°48 N... Quebec City was founded near the site of Motto: Don de Dieu feray valoir (Gift of God shall make prosper) Area: 547.63 sq. km. Population - City (2001) - Canadian CD Rank - Canadian Municipal Rank - Density 507,986 Ranked 10th Ranked 9th 927.6/km² Time zone Eastern: UTC-5 Latitude Longitude 46°48 N... Stadacona, a village populated by The Iroquoian languages are a Native American language family. The family includes the languages of the Iroquois Confederacy (including the extinct Mingo language), as well as Cherokee. Every language in this family has at least one nasal vowel phoneme. Cherokees is a nasal schwa, written in transliteration as v... Iroquoians when Jacques Cartier explored Canada. However, the village was no longer there when Samuel de Champlain by Théophile Hamel (1870) Samuel de Champlain 1567 - 1635 was a French geographer, draftsman, explorer and founder of Quebec City. Born in Brouage, France, much of Champlains early life is unknown. His first trip to North America was on March 15th, 1603 as part of... Samuel de Champlain established the Habitation de Quebec in Events October 2 - Dutch lensmaker Hans Lippershey demonstrates the first telescope in the Dutch parliament July 3 - Quebec City founded by Samuel de Champlain. August 24 - The first official English representative to India lands at Surat. Swedish troops enter Moscow First cheques come to use in Netherlands Jesuits take over... 1608.

After 1627, King Louis XIII (September 27, 1601 - May 14, 1643), called the Just (French: le Juste), was King of France from 1610 to 1643. Born at the Château de Fontainebleau, Louis was the first child of Henri IV and Marie de Médicis. He ascended to the throne at age nine... Louis XIII of France introduced the seigneurial system and forbade settlement in New France (French: la Nouvelle-France) describes the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the Saint Lawrence River by Jacques Cartier in 1534 to the cession of New France to the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1763. At its peak in... New France by anyone other than The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. Members generally prefer the term Catholic Church, but this term has multiple meanings (see Catholicism); the term Roman Catholic Church is used in this article to avoid... Roman Catholics, ensuring that welfare and education was kept firmly in the hands of the church. New France became a royal province in 1663 under King Louis XIV King of France and Navarre By Hyacinthe Rigaud (1701) Louis XIV (Louis-Dieudonné) (September 5, 1638–September 1, 1715) reigned as King of France and King of Navarre from May 14, 1643 until his death. He was a minor when he inherited the Crown; he did not... Louis XIV of France and the intendant Jean Talon (1625-1694) was a French colonial administrator who was the first and most highly regarded Intendant of New France. His parents were Philippe Talon and Anne Bury. He was very entrepreneurial and may have had ancestors from Ireland. Jean Talon As Intendent during 1665-1672, he attempted to... Jean Talon.

Great Britain acquired Canada by the The Treaty of Paris, February 10, 1763, was signed by the Kingdom of Great Britain, France and Spain with Portugal in agreement. Together with the Treaty of Hubertusburg, it ended the French and Indian War and the Seven Years War. The treaties marked the beginning of an extensive period of... Treaty of Paris (1763) when King Louis XV King of France and Navarre Louis XV (February 15, 1710 - May 10, 1774), called the Well-Beloved (French: le Bien-Aimé), was king of France from 1715 to 1774. Miraculously surviving the death of his entire family, he was beloved by Frenchmen in the beginning of his reign... Louis XV of France and his advisors chose to keep the territory of Guadeloupe, in the Caribbean Sea, is an archipelago with a total area of 1,704 km² located in the Eastern Caribbean. Administratively speaking, Guadeloupe is an overseas département (département doutre-mer, or DOM) of France. As the other DOMs, Guadeloupe is also a r... Guadeloupe for its valuable sugar crops instead of New France (French: la Nouvelle-France) describes the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the Saint Lawrence River by Jacques Cartier in 1534 to the cession of New France to the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1763. At its peak in... New France, which was viewed as a vast, frozen wasteland of little importance to the -1... French colonial empire. By the The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued October 7, 1763 by the British government in the name of King George III to prohibit settlement by British colonists beyond the Appalachian Mountains in the lands captured by Britain from France in the French and Indian War/Seven Years War and to... British Royal Proclamation of 1763, Canada (part of New France) was renamed the Province of Quebec.

In Events January 21 - Mustafa III, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire dies and is succeeded by his brother Abd-ul-Hamid I. May 10 - Louis XVI becomes King of France. June 2 - Intolerable Acts: The Quartering Act, requiring American colonists to let British soldiers into their homes, is reenacted. July 21... 1774, the British Parliament passed the The Quebec Act of 1774 was an act by the British Parliament setting out procedures of governance in the area of Quebec. After the Seven Years War, a victorious Great Britain achieved a peace agreement through the Treaty of Paris (1763). Under the terms of the treaty, the Kingdom of... Quebec Act that helped ensure the survival of the French (français, langue française) is one of the most important Romance languages, outnumbered in speakers only by Spanish and Portuguese. In 1999 French was the 11th most spoken language in the world being spoken by about 77 million people (called Francophones) as a mother tongue, and... French language and The culture of France is diverse, reflecting regional differences as well as the influence of recent immigration. Contents // Work Religion Traditionally a predominantly Roman Catholic country, with anticlerical leanings, France is since the 1970s a very secular country. However, public holidays are still largely traditional Catholic holidays; and knowledge of... French culture in the region. The Act allowed Quebec to maintain the French civil law as its judicial system and sanctioned the freedom of religious choice, allowing the The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. Members generally prefer the term Catholic Church, but this term has multiple meanings (see Catholicism); the term Roman Catholic Church is used in this article to avoid... Roman Catholic Church to remain.

Quebec retained its seigneurial system and Civil law has at least three meanings. It may connote an entire legal system, or either of two different bodies of law within a legal system: a legal system the set of rules governing relations between persons (either humans or legal personalities such as corporations); here the contrast is public... civil law code after France's giving of the territory to England. Owing to an influx of This article concerns Loyalists in the American Revolution. For other uses of the word loyalist, see the disambiguation page. Loyalists (capitalized L) were British North American colonists who remained loyal subjects of the British crown during the American Revolutionary War. They were also called Tories or Kings Men. Those... Loyalist refugees from the US The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a war fought primarily between Great Britain and revolutionaries within thirteen of her North American colonies. The war, which eventually widened far beyond British North America, resulted in the overthrow of British rule in... Revolutionary War, The Constitutional Act of 1791 was a British law which changed the government of the province of Quebec to accommodate the many English-speaking settlers, known as the United Empire Loyalists, who had arrived from the United States following the American Revolution. Quebec was divided in two. The western half... the Constitutional Act of 1791 saw the colony divided in two at the Ottawa River; the western part became Upper Canada Village in Morrisburg, Ontario Upper Canada is an early name for the land at the upstream end of the Saint Lawrence River in early North America – the territory south of Lake Nipissing and north of the St. Lawrence River and Lakes Ontario and Erie plus the eastern... Upper Canada and changed to the British legal system. The eastern part was named Lower Canada was a British colony in North America, at the downstream end of the Saint Lawrence River in the southern portion of the modern-day province of Quebec. It was one of the two colonies of the Canadas. The colony was created by the Constitutional Act of 1791 by... Lower Canada.

After the Flag used by the Patriotes between 1832 and 1838 The Lower Canada Rebellion is the name given to the armed conflict between the rebels of Lower Canada (now Quebec) and the British colonial power of that province. Together with the simultaneous Upper Canada Rebellion in the neighbouring colony of Upper... Patriotes Rebellion of Events January 10 - DePauw University founded in Greencastle, Indiana January 26 - Michigan is admitted as the 26th U.S. state February 8 - Richard Johnson becomes the first Vice President of the United States chosen by the United States Senate February 11 - American Physiological Society organizes in Boston February 13 - Rowland... 1837, the British government merged The Canadas were two British colonies, Upper Canada and Lower Canada, part of modern-day Canada. The region (formerly known as the Province of Quebec) was first divided into these colonies at the Ottawa River by the Constitutional Act of 1791, in response to the desire of recently arrived American... the Canadas into one Note: for information about Canadas present-day provinces, see Provinces of Canada. The Province of Canada was a British colony in North America, created by the fusion of the Canadas into one province by the Act of Union (1840). The former Lower Canada became known as Canada East and... Province of Canada in 1841 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). Events January 26 - The Hong Kong. Later during the year, the first census of the island recorded a population of about 7,500. February 18 - The first ongoing filibuster in the United States Senate begins and... 1841. However, the union proved contentious. In 1867 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January 8 - African-American men granted the right to vote in the District of Columbia January 11 - Benito Juárez becomes Mexican president again January 30 - Emperor Komei of Japan dies. Crown Prince Mutsuhito is expected... 1867 the Province of Canada, joining with the other British colonies of This article is about the Canadian province; for the city in New Jersey, see New Brunswick, New Jersey. Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope was restored) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Fredericton Largest city Saint John Lieutenant Governor Herménégilde Chiasson Premier Bernard Lord (PC) Area 72,908 km² (8th... New Brunswick and Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit (One defends and the other conquers) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Lieutenant Governor Myra A. Freeman Premier John Hamm (PC) Area 55,284 km² (12th) - Land 53,338 km² - Water 1,946 km² (3.5%) Population (2004... Nova Scotia in the Canadian Confederation, or the Confederation of Canada, was the process that ultimately brought together a union among the provinces, colonies and territories of British North America to form a Dominion of the British Empire, which today is a federal nation state simply known as Canada. Colonial organization Before 1867, British... Canadian Confederation, was redivided into its two parts, under the names Ontario and Quebec.

The conservative government of Duplessis and the Clergy. Maurice Le Noblet Duplessis (20 April 1890–7 September 1959) served as the premier of the Canadian province of Quebec from 1936 to 1939 and 1944 to 1959). A founder and leader of the conservative Union Nationale party, he built his reputation by exposing the... Maurice Duplessis and his Union Nationale logo. The Union Nationale was a political party in Quebec, Canada that identified with conservative French-Canadian nationalism. It notably held power in Quebec uninterrupted from 1944 to 1960, under Maurice Duplessis. The party was created when a group of nationalist Liberals who had quit the Parti lib... Union Nationale dominated Quebec politics from 1944 to 1960 with the support of the Catholic church. Name Pierre Elliott Trudeau Number Fifteenth First term April 20, 1968–June 4,1979 Second term March 3, 1980–June 30, 1984 Predecessor Lester Bowles Pearson Successors Joe Clark John Napier Turner Date of birth October 18, 1919 Place of birth Montreal, Quebec Date of death September 28... Pierre Trudeau and other intellectuals and liberals formed an intellectual opposition to Duplessis' repressive regime setting the groundwork for the Quiet Revolution under Jean Lesage was considered a remarkable orator Jean Lesage (June 10, 1912–December 12, 1980) was a lawyer and politician in the Canadian province of Quebec. He served as premier from July 22, 1960, to August 16, 1966. Profile Born in Montreal, he studied law at Laval University in... Jean Lesage's Liberals. The Quiet Revolution was a period of dramatic social and political change that saw the decline of the The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. Members generally prefer the term Catholic Church, but this term has multiple meanings (see Catholicism); the term Roman Catholic Church is used in this article to avoid... Roman Catholic Church's influence, the Nationalization is the act of taking assets into state ownership. Usually it refers to private assets being nationalised, but sometimes it may be assets owned by other levels of government, such as municipalities. Similarly, the opposite of nationalization is usually privatization, but sometimes it may be municipalization. Nationalization that happens... nationalization of Categories: Companies of Canada | Public Utilities | Stub ... Hydro Quebec and the emergence of a separatist movement under former Lesage minister René Lévesque.

During the 1960s a Terrorism refers to the use of violence for the purpose of achieving a political, religious, or ideological goal. The targets of terrorist acts can be government officials, military personnel, people serving the interests of governments, or civilians. Acts of terror against military targets tend to blend into a strategy of... terrorist group known as the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) launched a decade of bombings, robberies and attacks on government offices. Their activities culminated in events referred to as the The October Crisis was a series of dramatic events triggered by two terrorist kidnappings that occurred in Quebec, Canada, during the month of October, 1970. It resulted in the brief declaration of martial law under the War Measures Act. Liberation cell surrender – December 3, 1970 As a prelude to... October Crisis when James Richard Cross (September 29, 1921-) was a British diplomat in Canada who was kidnapped by the Front de libération du Québec during the October Crisis of October 1970. Cross had served as a Trade Commissioner in India, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Winnipeg, Manitoba and Kuala Lumpur before becoming... James Cross, the British trade commissioner to Canada, was kidnapped along with Pierre Laporte (February 25, 1921 - October 1970), was a Canadian politician who was assassinated by members of the FLQ. Pierre Laporte Pierre Laporte was born in Montreal, Quebec. He was a journalist with Le Devoir from 1945 to 1961. A Vice-Premier and Minister of Labour in the government of... Pierre Laporte, a provincial minister and Vice-Premier, who was murdered a few days later. In response, Prime Minister Name Pierre Elliott Trudeau Number Fifteenth First term April 20, 1968–June 4,1979 Second term March 3, 1980–June 30, 1984 Predecessor Lester Bowles Pearson Successors Joe Clark John Napier Turner Date of birth October 18, 1919 Place of birth Montreal, Quebec Date of death September 28... Pierre Trudeau declared martial law using the War Measures Act. A Federal government inquiry later revealed that under The Prime Minister of Canada, the head of the Canadian government, is usually the leader of the political party with the most seats in the Canadian House of Commons. The Prime Minister has the right to the style of Right Honourable. The current prime minister is the Rt. Hon. Paul... Prime Minister Name Pierre Elliott Trudeau Number Fifteenth First term April 20, 1968–June 4,1979 Second term March 3, 1980–June 30, 1984 Predecessor Lester Bowles Pearson Successors Joe Clark John Napier Turner Date of birth October 18, 1919 Place of birth Montreal, Quebec Date of death September 28... Pierre Trudeau's demand, some The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP or Mounties; French, Gendarmerie royale du Canada, GRC) is both the federal police force and the national police of Canada. The RCMP provides federal (national), provincial and municipal police services. It operates under contract to Canadas three territories and eight of her provinces... RCMP agents infiltrated the group and pushed them towards terrorist actions in order to gain evidence of the groups willingness to commit terrorist acts.

In 1977 the newly elected Parti Québécois government of René Lévesque introduced the The Charter of the French Language (also known as Bill 101) is a framework law in the province of Quebec, Canada, defining the linguistic rights of all Quebecers and making French, the language of the majority, the sole official language of Quebec. It is a fundamental law that is a... Charter of the French Language. Often known as "Bill 101", it defined French (français, langue française) is one of the most important Romance languages, outnumbered in speakers only by Spanish and Portuguese. In 1999 French was the 11th most spoken language in the world being spoken by about 77 million people (called Francophones) as a mother tongue, and... French as the only official language of Quebec and is to this day still controversial and widely misunderstood inside and outside Quebec by the English speaking population.

Lévesque put Quebec The Quebec sovereignty movement is a movement calling for the attainment of sovereignty for Quebec, a province of the country of Canada. It has been and remains to this day, a minority group. The sovereigntists allege that Quebecers have the right to self-determination and therefore the right to... sovereignty-association before the voters in the The 1980 Quebec referendum was the first referendum in Quebec that put to public vote the role of Quebec within Canada and whether Quebec should pursue a path toward independent statehood (sovereignty). The referendum was called by Quebecs governing party, the Parti Québécois (PQ), which strongly favoured... 1980 Quebec referendum. Sixty percent of the Quebec electorate voted against it.

On October 30, 1995, in a The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second referendum in Quebec (see 1980 Quebec referendum) that put to public vote the role of Quebec within Canada and whether Quebec should pursue a path toward independent statehood (sovereignty). The referendum was the culmination of years of rising support for autonomy (see Quiet... second referendum the vote for Quebec independence was rejected by a slim majority (50.6% NO to 49.4% YES).

Politics

Main article: This is an article about the politics of the Province of Quebec, Canada. Institutions Many of Quebecs political institutions are among the oldest in North America. The first part of this article presents the main political institutions of Quebec society. The last part will attempt to present an overview... Politics of Quebec

The This is a list of Lieutenant Governors of the Canadian province of Quebec. For governors preceding the 1759 British conquest see Governor of New France. Governors of Quebec from the Conquest to the creation of Lower Canada Quebec was conquered by the British in 1759. Lieutenant Governors of Lower Canada... Lieutenant Governor represents Elizabeth II in an official portrait as Queen of Canada (on the occasion of her Golden Jubilee in 2002, wearing the Sovereigns badges of the Order of Canada and the Order of Military Merit) Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary) (born 21 April 1926), styled HM The... Queen Elizabeth II as A head of state or chief of state is the chief public representative of a nation-state, federation or commonwealth, whose role generally includes personifying the continuity and legitimacy of the state and exercising the political powers, functions and duties granted to the head of state in the countrys... head of state. The head of government is the This is a list of the premiers of Quebec, Canada since Confederation (1867). Notes: The premier is always referred to as the prime minister in official Quebec government publications . In English, the word minister comes from Old French ministre, which in turn comes from the Latin minister, meaning servant. When... Premier (called premier ministre in French) who leads the largest party in the Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or parliamentary chamber. Many countries with unicameral legislatures are often small and homogeneous unitary states and consider an upper house or second chamber unnecessary. Unicameralists claim that an upper house makes no sense in a democracy, saying that if an upper... unicameral The Quebec Parliament Building at night The National Assembly is the legislative body of the Canadian province of Quebec. It operates in a fashion similar to that of other British-style parliamentary systems. Since the abolition of the Legislative Council (an upper house) in 1968, the National Assembly of Quebec... National Assembly or Assemblée Nationale, from which the Council of Ministers is appointed.

Until 1968 the Quebec Chamber of the Estates-General, the Dutch legislature. A legislature is a governmental deliberative body with the power to adopt laws. Legislatures are known by many names, including: parliament, congress, diet and national assembly. In parliamentary systems of government, the legislature is formally supreme and appoints the executive. In presidential... legislature was In government, bicameralism is the practice of having two legislative or parliamentary chambers. Thus, a bicameral parliament or bicameral legislature is a parliament or legislature which consists of two Chambers or Houses. Bicameralism is an essential and defining feature of a classical republic. Theory Although the ideas on which bicameralism... bicameral, consisting of the Until 1968, the Legislative Council of Quebec was the unelected upper house of the bicameral legislature in the Canadian province of Quebec. The Legislative Assembly was the elected lower house. In 1968, the Legislative Council was abolished, and the Legislative Assembly was renamed the National Assembly. As a result of... Legislative Council and the The Legislative Assembly of Quebec was the name of the lower house of Quebecs legislature until 1968, when it was renamed the National Assembly. At the same time, the upper house of the legislature, the Legislative Council, was abolished. Both were initially created by the Constitutional Act of 1791... Legislative Assembly. In that year the Legislative Council was abolished, and the Legislative Assembly was renamed the National Assembly. Quebec was the last province to abolish its Legislative Council.

The Government of Quebec awards an order of merit called the The National Order of Quebec (in French Ordre national du Québec) is an order of merit given by the government of the Canadian province of Quebec. It was instituted by the government of Premier René Lévesque, and is one of the most prestigious honours of Quebec and French... National Order of Quebec. It is inspired in part by the The French Republic or France ( French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. France is a democracy organised as a... French French Legion of Honor The Légion dhonneur (Legion of Honor ( AmE) or Legion of Honour ( ComE)) is an Order of Chivalry awarded by the President of France. First instituted by Emperor Napoleon I on May 19, 1802, it is one of the most prestigious French awards and... Legion of Honour. It is conferred upon men and women, either Quebec Citizenship is membership in a political community (originally a city but now a state), and carries with it rights to political participation; a person having such membership is a citizen. It is largely coterminous with nationality, although it is possible to have a nationality without being a citizen (i.e... citizens or foreigners, for outstanding achievements.

Economy

Main article: The economy of Quebec is diversified and post-industrial with a strong potential for growth. Overview Quebec has a modern post-industrial economy with a positive trade balance. Since the signing of the free trade agreement between Canada and the United States in 1987, Quebec exports to the American republic... Economy of Quebec

The St. Lawrence River Valley is a fertile agricultural region, producing Dairy farm near Oxford, New York, July 2001 In many northern-hemisphere countries a dairy is a facility for the extraction and processing of animal milk (mostly from cows, sometimes from buffaloes or goats) for human consumption. The end product of such processes are known as dairy products. In Australia... dairy products, In botany, a fruit is the ripened ovary, together with its seeds, of a flowering plant. In cuisine, when discussing fruit as food, the term usually refers to just those plant fruits that are sweet and fleshy, examples of which would be plum, apple, and orange. However, a great many... fruit, Vegetables on a market Vegetable is a nutritional and culinary term denoting any part of a plant that is commonly consumed by humans as food, but is not regarded as a culinary fruit, nut, herb, spice, or grain. In common usage, vegetables include the leaves (e.g. lettuce), stems (asparagus... vegetables, See also Maple computer algebra system. species Acer campestre - Field Maple Acer ginnala - Amur Maple Acer griseum - Paperbark Maple Acer japonicum - Fullmoon Maple Acer macrophyllum - Bigleaf Maple Acer micranthum - Garden Maple Acer negundo - Manitoba Maple Acer palmatum - Japanese Maple Acer platanoides - Norway Maple Acer pseudoplatanus - Sycamore Maple Acer rubrum - Red... maple sugar (Quebec is the world's largest producer), and Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. Livestock refers to domesticated animals, that may be kept or raised in pens, houses, pastures, or on farms as part of an agricultural or farming operation, whether for commerce or private use. The process of breeding, raising and caring for livestock is known as... livestock.

North of the St. Lawrence River Valley, the territory of Quebec is extremely rich in resources in its coniferous forests, lakes, and rivers—pulp and Piece of paper Paper is a thin, flat material produced by the compression of fibres. The fibers used are usually natural and based upon cellulose. The most common material is wood pulp from pulpwood (largely softwood) trees such as spruces, but other vegetable fiber materials including cotton, linen, and hemp... paper, Lumber is the name used, generally in North America, for wood that has been cut into boards or other shapes for the purpose of woodworking or construction. Lumber is supplied either rough or finished. Rough lumber is the raw material for furniture making and other items requiring additional cutting and... lumber, and Hydroelectric dam diagram The waters of Llyn Stwlan, the upper reservoir of the Ffestiniog Pumped-Storage Scheme in north Wales, can just be glimpsed on the right. The lower power station has four water turbines which can generate 360 megawatts of electricity within 60 seconds of the need arising. Hydroelectricity... hydroelectricity are still some of the province's most important industries.

High-tech industries are very important around Montreal. It includes the aerospace companies like jet manufacturer Bombardier, the jet engine company Pratt and Withney and the flight simulator builder CAE. Those companies and other major subcontractors make Quebec the fourth biggest player worldwide in the aviation industry.

Culture

Main article: As a North American society and the only society on the continent with a French-speaking majority, the culture of Quebec shows many unique features. On the whole, this culture differs from that of the 350 million English-speaking citizens of Canada and the United States who surround it, as... Culture of Quebec

The Québécois people, a people also found in small The Quebec diaspora consists of hundreds of thousands of people who left Quebec for the United States, Ontario and the Canadian prairies between 1840 and the 1930s. Approximately 900,000 French Canadian habitants left for the United States and about half of those eventually returned to Quebec. Those who stayed... minorities of Canada and of the United States, consider Quebec their homeland. The Québécois are the largest population of French speakers in the The Americas (sometimes referred to as America) is the area including the land mass located between the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, generally divided into North America and South America. The term also usually includes the Caribbean, the islands in and around the Greenland, though not Iceland, for cultural... Americas. Most This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. If an article link referred you here, you might want to go back and fix it to point directly to the intended page. Because it has represented different realities at... French Canadians live in Quebec, though there are other concentrations of francophones throughout Canada with varying degrees of ties to Quebec. (The Acadians are the original French settlers of parts of the northeastern region of North America comprising what is now the Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. Although Acadians and Quebeckers are two French-Canadian cultures, Acadia was founded 4 years before Quebec and in a... Acadians of the The Maritimes or Maritime provinces are a region of Canada on the Atlantic coast, consisting of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. The Maritimes are located northeast of New England, southeast of Quebecs Gasp peninsula, and southwest of Newfoundland. Newfoundland and Labrador is sometimes mistakenly included in... Canadian Maritimes consider themselves an entirely separate group.)

Quebec is at once a North American society and the main French (français, langue française) is one of the most important Romance languages, outnumbered in speakers only by Spanish and Portuguese. In 1999 French was the 11th most spoken language in the world being spoken by about 77 million people (called Francophones) as a mother tongue, and... French-speaking society on the continent. Montréal is the vibrant cosmopolitan metropolis of Quebec. History made Quebec a place where cultures meet, where people from all over the world experience America, but from a little distance and through a different eye. Often described as a crossroads between Europe and America, Quebec is home to a people that has the privilege of being connected to the strong cultural currents of the The United States of America — also referred to as the United States, the U.S.A., the U.S., America¹, the States, or (archaically) Columbia — is a federal republic of 50 states located primarily in central North America (with the exception of two states: Alaska and Hawaii... United States, The French Republic or France ( French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. France is a democracy organised as a... France, and the British Isles is also an old name for the Great Britain, Great Britain Ireland The Isle of Man The Isle of Wight The Northern Isles, including Orkney, Shetland and Fair Isle The Hebrides, including the Inner Hebrides, Outer Hebrides and Small Isles Rockall The islands of the lower Firth of... British Isles all at the same time.

Quebec is also home to 11 aboriginal cultures and that of a large Anglo-Quebecers are anglophone (English-speaking) residents of Quebec, in Canada. According to the 2001 Canadian census, there were 572,085 Quebecers whose mother tongue was English, comprising eight per cent of the total population of the province. Communities The bulk of the anglophone population of Quebec resides in the... Anglo-Quebecer minority of approximately 600,000 people.

Demographics

Main article: Current Statistics Population: The current population of Quebec is estimated at 7 509 928 individuals (1 April 2004). Age structure: Population growth rate: 0.64% (2003) Birth rate: 9.8‰ (2003) Synthetic fertility index: 1.48 (2003) Death rate: 7.4‰ (2003) Net migration rate: 4.1‰... Demographics of Quebec

Quebec's The (total) fertility rate of a population is the average number of child births per woman. The sub-replacement fertility rate is usually at 2.1 births per woman; below this rate populations will not grow through reproduction. Developed countries usually have a much lower fertility rate due to higher... fertility rate is now among the lowest in Canada. At 1.48, it is well below the replacement fertility rate of 2.1. This contrasts with the fertility rate before 1960 which was among the highest of the industrialized countries.

Although Quebec represents only 24% of the population of Canada, the number of international adoptions in Quebec is the highest of all provinces of Canada. In 2001, 42% of international adoptions in Canada were carried out in Quebec.

Symbols and emblems

The motto of Quebec is Je me souviens (I remember), which is carved into the Parliament Building façade in Quebec City (Ville de Québec) and is seen on the coat of arms and licence plates.

The graphic emblem of Quebec is the Fleurs-de-lys on the flag of Quebec The fleur-de-lis (also spelled fleur-de-lys; plural fleurs-de-lis or -lys) is used in heraldry, where it is particularly associated with the France monarchy (see King of France). Origins The name, anglicized, means lily flower, and the symbol... fleur-de-lis, usually white on a blue background, as on the The flag of Quebec, called the Fleurdelisé, was adopted by the provincial government of Maurice Duplessis and first flown on January 21, 1948, at the Legislative Assembly in Quebec City. The Fleurdelisé takes its white cross from the ancient royal flags of France and its white fleurs-de-lis and... flag of Quebec (above), the Fleurdelisé. As indicated on the government of Quebec's Web site, the flag recalls the Royal banner said to have accompanied the army of Portrait of Montcalm Montcalm trying to stop Native Americans from attacking British soldiers and civilians as they leave Fort William Henry. Wood engraving by Alfred Bobbett after a painting of Felix Octavius Carr Darley. Published between 1870 and 1880. Joseph de Montcalm-Gozon, marquis de Saint-V ran (February 28... General Montcalm, Marquis de Saint-Véran during the victorious battle of Carillon in 1758.

The floral emblem of Quebec is the The Blue flag iris (Iris versicolor, also known as the wild iris) is a member of the Iris family native to Canada and America. It has been implicated in several poisoning cases of humans and animals who consumed the rhizomes, which have been found to contain a glycoside, iridin. The... blue flag iris (Iris versicolor). It was formerly the Madonna Genera Calochortus Cardiocrinum Clintonia Erythronium Fritillaria Gagea Korolkowia Lilium Lloydia Nomocharis Notholirion Scoliopus Streptopus Tricyrtis Tulipa The Liliaceae, or the Lily Family, is an important family of monocotyledons that includes a great number of ornamental flowers as well as several important agricultural crops; the onion has traditionally been classified here... lily, to recall the fleur-de-lis, but has been changed to the iris which is native to Quebec.

The avian emblem of Quebec is the Binomial name Bubo scandiacus (Linnaeus, 1758) The Snowy Owl (Bubo scandiacus) is a large owl of the typical owl family Strigidae. Until recently, it was regarded as the sole member of a distinct genus, as Nyctea scandiaca, but genetic analysis showed that it is very closely related to the horned... snowy owl.

The patron saint of French Canada is John the Baptist (also called John the Baptizer or John the Dipper) is regarded as a prophet by at least three religions: Christianity, Islam, and Mandaeanism. According to the Gospel of Luke, he was a relative of Jesus. That he was a prophet is asserted by the Gospels of the... John the Baptist. La Saint-Jean-Baptiste, June 24 is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 190 days remaining. Events 1100-1899 1128 - Battle of St.Mamede, near Guimarães. Portuguese forces led by Afonso I beat his mother D.Teresa and D.Fernão Peres de Trava... June 24, is Quebec's national day, and is officially called the The Fête nationale du Québec (Quebec National Holiday) is the official day of Quebec, a province of Canada. The festivities occur on June 23 and June 24 and are organized by the Comité organisateur de la fête nationale (national holiday organizing committee). Originally, June 24 was a... Fête nationale du Québec since 1977. The song " Gens du Pays is the unofficial anthem of the Canadian province of Québec. It was written by Gilles Vigneault with music by Gaston Rochon. It is usually played at Fête nationale du Québec ceremonies. Lyrics Le temps que lon prend pour dire je taime, C... Gens du pays" by Gilles Vigneault (born 27 October 1928) is a poet, publisher and singer-songwriter from Quebec, and well-known Quebec nationalist and sovereigntist. A poet deeply rooted in his native Quebec, Vigneault has become an icon at home and Quebec ambassador abroad. He was one of the principal figures of the... Gilles Vigneault is often regarded as Quebec's unofficial anthem.

Quebec is sometimes referred to as "La Belle Province" which means "The Beautiful Province". Until the late 1970s, this phrase was displayed on Quebec licence plates. It has since been replaced by the province's official motto: "Je me souviens" which means "I remember".

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