It has been suggested that Goodnough Dike be merged into this article or section. (Discuss)

Quabbin Reservoir
November 2005
Location	Massachusetts
Coordinates	42°21′33″N, 72°18′00″WCoordinates: 42°21′33″N, 72°18′00″W
Lake type	Reservoir
Basin countries	United States
Max length	18 mi (28.9 km)
Surface area	38.6 mi² (99.97 km²)
Average depth	51 ft (15.5 m)
Max depth	150 ft (45.7 m)
Water volume	412 billion US gal
Shore length1	118 mi (189.9 km)
Surface elevation	522 ft (159.1 m)
1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure.

The Quabbin Reservoir is the largest body of water in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Built between 1930 and 1940, it is the primary water supply for Boston and many towns in Eastern Massachusetts. It also supplies water to several Massachusetts towns west of the reservoir. It has an aggregate capacity of 412 billion U.S. gallons (1.56 km³) and an area of 38.6 square miles (99.9 km²). Quabbin Reservoir water flows to the Wachusett Reservoir using the Quabbin Aqueduct. The Quabbin watershed is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation; the water supply system is operated by the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority. The Winsor Dam and the Goodnough Dike form the reservoir from impoundments of the three branches of the Swift River. The Quabbin Reservoir is part of the Chicopee River Watershed. Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ... The Goodnough Dike is on the southeastern end of the Quabbin Reservoir. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1280x960, 551 KB) Summary Description: Quabbin Reservoir Creator/Photographer: User:Solarapex Uploader: User:Solarapex Date: 13 November 2005 Other Versions: none License status: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old... Official language(s) English Capital Boston Largest city Boston Area  Ranked 44th  - Total 10,555 sq mi (27,360 km²)  - Width 183 miles (295 km)  - Length 113 miles (182 km)  - % water 13. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... A man-made lake in Keukenhof, Netherlands A lake is a body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained on a body of land. ... ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... This article or section may be confusing or unclear for some readers, and should be edited to rectify this. ... Official language(s) English Capital Boston Largest city Boston Area  Ranked 44th  - Total 10,555 sq mi (27,360 km²)  - Width 183 miles (295 km)  - Length 113 miles (182 km)  - % water 13. ... Nickname: Location in Massachusetts, USA Coordinates: , Country United States State Massachusetts County Suffolk County Settled 1630 Incorporated (city) 1822 Government  - Governor Deval Patrick (D) Area  - City  89. ... The gallon (abbreviation: gal) is a unit of volume. ... Wachusett Reservoir at sunset The Wachusett Reservoir is the second largest body of water in the state of Massachusetts. ... The carries water from Quabbin Reservoir to the Wachusett Reservoir. ... The Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) is a state agency of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. ... The Massachusetts Water Resources Authority is an agency of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts that provides wholesale drinking water and sewage services to certain municipalities and industrial users in the state. ... The Winsor Dam forms the Quabbin Reservoir. ... The Goodnough Dike is on the southeastern end of the Quabbin Reservoir. ... Massachusetts Chicopee River Watershed The Chicopee River Watershed is a major Massachusetts watershed. ...

History

Metropolitan Boston began to outstrip its local water supplies in the early part of the nineteenth century. Many possible sources of water were explored, including groundwater and rivers, but none was considered adequate in quantity and cleanliness to meet the needs of the rapidly growing city. After several years of controversy, the Massachusetts General Court authorized the construction of the Cochituate Aqueduct to bring water to Boston from Lake Cochituate in Wayland. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Massachusetts General Court is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Massachusetts. ... Cochituate Aqueduct map, 1852 The Cochituate Aqueduct was an aqueduct bringing water to Boston, Massachusetts, during the years 1848-1951. ...   Settled: 1638 â€“ Incorporated: 1780 Zip Code(s): 01778 â€“ Area Code(s): 508 / 774 Official website: http://www. ...

Public policy

This established three important policies, which remain in force today:

1. Public, rather than private, ownership of the public water supply system.
2. Use of upland reservoirs, with gravity-fed rather than pumped supply systems.
3. Watershed protection, rather than filtration, as the primary mechanism of ensuring wholesome supplies.

Increased demand

By 1875, with demand again on the verge of exceeding supply, the Boston Water Board was established to take over the operations of the Cochituate Water Board, construct five new reservoirs on the Sudbury River in Framingham, Massachusetts, and a new Sudbury Aqueduct to deliver that water to the city. In 1895, the Massachusetts Board of Health issued a report analyzing population and water-use trends, and recommended the creation of a Metropolitan Water District, serving several suburban communities in addition to Boston, and the construction of two new reservoirs: one on the Nashua River northeast of Worcester, and one in the Swift River Valley. 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Framingham is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, USA and the only such named town in the United States. ... Year 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Nashua River, 37. ... Nickname: Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: Country United States State Massachusetts County Worcester County Settled 1673 Incorporated 1684 Government  - Type Council-manager also known as Plan E  - City Manager Michael V. OBrien  - Mayor Konstantina B. Lukes  - City Council Dennis L. Irish Michael C. Perotto Joseph M. Petty Gary Rosen Kathleen... The Quabbin Valley is a region of Massachusetts. ...

Metropolitan Water District

The General Court acted to establish the Metropolitan Water District, including 26 communities within ten miles of the Massachusetts State House, later in 1895. The Wachusett Reservoir was completed in 1908. The Board of Health study had anticipated that Swift River water would be required by 1915, but this prediction had proven overly pessimistic. The introduction of mandatory water metering in Water District communities, and other efforts to reduce waste and inefficient uses, made it possible to delay construction of new water sources until the 1930s. The Massachusetts State House Full view of the south side The Massachusetts State House is the state capitol of Massachusetts. ... Wachusett Reservoir at sunset The Wachusett Reservoir is the second largest body of water in the state of Massachusetts. ... 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... Face The 1930s (years from 1930–1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known in Europe as the World Depression. ...

Swift River Valley endorsed

A 1922 study officially endorsed the Swift River Valley as the next extension of the water system and created the Metropolitan District Commission (MDC), now the Massachusetts Water Resource Authority (MWRA), to oversee the construction and maintain the system after its completion. In 1926, construction began on the first stage of the project, a tunnel connecting Wachusett Reservoir with the Ware River. This is called the Ware River Diversion. During the 1930s, this tunnel was extended to the Swift River. The complete tunnel is now known as the Quabbin Aqueduct. Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... The Quabbin Valley is a region of Massachusetts. ... The Metropolitian District Commission is a defunct agency of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. ... The Massachusetts Water Resources Authority is an agency of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts that provides wholesale drinking water and sewage services to certain municipalities and industrial users in the state. ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Wachusett Reservoir at sunset The Wachusett Reservoir is the second largest body of water in the state of Massachusetts. ... The Ware River is a Massachusetts river that has two forks, the longest of which (the east branch) begins near Hubbardston, Massachusetts, continues through the middle of the state, joins the Quaboag River, and ends in Three Rivers, Massachusetts, where it joins the Chicopee River on its way to the... Dam at the Ware River Diversion The Ware River Diversion is part of the Boston, Massachusetts public water supply system, maintained by the Massachusetts Water Resources Administration (MWRA). ... The carries water from Quabbin Reservoir to the Wachusett Reservoir. ...

Swift River Valley residents opposed

The project was enthusiastically supported by lawmakers in the Boston area, but bitterly opposed by residents of the affected towns, who took their case all the way to the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, but lost. The state of Connecticut also unsuccessfully sued Massachusetts, claiming waters that were rightfully meant to flow into the Connecticut River and subsequently through their state, were being illegally diverted. The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (SJC) is the highest court in the United States Commonwealth of Massachusetts. ... It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles. ... Official language(s) English Capital Boston Largest city Boston Area  Ranked 44th  - Total 10,555 sq mi (27,360 km²)  - Width 183 miles (295 km)  - Length 113 miles (182 km)  - % water 13. ... The Connecticut River as seen from the French King Bridge in western Massachusetts. ...

Reservoir formed

Before the reservoir’s construction, there was a hill in Enfield called Quabbin Hill and a lake in Greenwich called Quabbin Lake. Named for a Native American chief called Nani-Quaben, meaning place of many waters, these became the basis for naming the new reservoir. The Quabbin was formed by inundating the Swift River Valley, a drainage basin lying entirely within the state, by damming the river and a col, through which Beaver Brook would have otherwise provided another outlet for its water. When construction began in 1936 the Swift River was redirected from its riverbed through a diversion tunnel. On August 14, 1939 that tunnel was sealed with rock. Over the next seven years the waters of the Quabbin Reservoir slowly rose behind the newly completed Winsor Dam, an earth-filled structure 2,640 feet long, rising 170 feet above the riverbed, and the slightly smaller Goodnough Dike. The water gradually submerged the roads that had linked the towns. It swallowed all but the peaks of about sixty hills and mountains, transforming Prescott Ridge into Prescott Peninsula. The Quabbin Valley is a region of Massachusetts. ... Col may refer to: the French word for mountain pass a common abbreviation for the military rank colonel This is a disambiguation page, a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Winsor Dam forms the Quabbin Reservoir. ... The Goodnough Dike is on the southeastern end of the Quabbin Reservoir. ...

Towns eliminated

The Quabbin's creation required the depopulation and thus the disincorporation, in April of 1938, of four towns: Dana (located in Worcester County), Enfield, Greenwich, and Prescott (all located in Hampshire County). The latter three are the namesakes of housing complexes at nearby Hampshire College. Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Dana is a former town in Massachusetts. ... Worcester County is a county located in the state of Massachusetts. ... Enfield was a town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, location 42° 19 N, 072° 22 W. The town was incorporated in 1801 from portions of Greenwich and Belchertown. ... Greenwich (which was pronounced Green-which, not Gren-ich) is a former town in Massachusetts. ... Prescott is a former town in Massachusetts. ... Hampshire County is a county located in the state of Massachusetts. ... Hampshire College is an experimenting private liberal arts college in Amherst, Massachusetts. ...

Boundaries changed

The land remaining from the dissolved towns was annexed to surrounding municipalities, including Belchertown, Pelham, New Salem, Petersham, Hardwick and Ware. Because of New Salem's annexation of the Prescott Peninsula, a large wedge of land shifted from Hampshire County to Franklin County.   Belchertown is a town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Pelham is a town located in Hampshire County, Massachusetts. ... New Salem is a town located in Franklin County, Massachusetts. ... Petersham (pronounced Peters Ham, not Peter-shum) is a town located in Worcester County, Massachusetts. ... Hardwick is a town located in Worcester County, Massachusetts. ...   Ware is a town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Franklin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. ...

Railroads and highways changed

Thirty-six miles of the Boston and Albany Railroad's Athol Branch were abandoned (originally the Springfield, Athol and Northeastern Railroad). Route 21, formerly reaching Athol, was truncated to the south side of the reservoir, and new roads - now US 202 and Route 32A - were built on each side. It has been suggested that this article be split into articles entitled Boston and Albany Railroad and Framingham/Worcester Line. ... Route 21 is a south-north state highway in Massachusetts that runs between Springfield and Belchertown. ... United States Highway 202 is a highway stretching from Delaware to Maine, also passing through the states of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. ... Route 32A is a short north-south state highway in Massachusetts that parallels Route 32 from the village of Gilbertville in Hardwick to Petersham center. ...

Additional information

Although some people may think that the buildings remained intact (though submerged), in fact, all buildings inside the shoreline were razed, and their flammable debris was burned nearby. However, some submerged roads are visible from overhead. The vegetation of the now submerged area was clear-cut and likewise burned. The outflow from the valley was stopped in 1939, and the reservoir filled and began supplying water in 1946. Areas within the watershed but not inundated were likewise cleared of structures and depopulated, for water-quality protection. The cemeteries and all town memorials of the four towns were moved to the newly formed Quabbin Cemetery, located on Route 9 in Ware, just off of the Quabbin's lands. Several houses from Enfield were bought and moved to Dorset, Vermont, and several of the public buildings still survive, moved to various points throughout the area. Clearcutting or clearfelling is a method of timber harvest in which all trees in a selected area are cut. ... Massachusetts State Highway 9, always referred to simply as Route 9, is a major east-west state highway in Massachusetts. ... Dorset, Vermont Dorset is a town in Bennington County, Vermont, United States. ...

Chicopee Valley Aqueduct

In 1947, the Massachusetts Legislature authorized the construction of the Chicopee Valley Aqueduct to deliver Quabbin water to three communities in Western Massachusetts: Chicopee, South Hadley, and Wilbraham. In 1951, with the Quabbin-Wachusett system sufficient to meet foreseeable needs, the Cochituate Aqueduct was abandoned, and the Framingham reservoir system was placed on emergency stand-by. Chicopee Valley Aqueduct access shaft The Chicopee Valley Aqueduct carries water from the Quabbin Reservoir to the Chicopee city line. ...   Settled: 1652 â€“ Incorporated: 1848 Zip Code(s): 01013, 01020, 01021 â€“ Area Code(s): 413 Official website: http://www. ...   Settled: 1659 â€“ Incorporated: 1775 Zip Code(s): 01075 â€“ Area Code(s): 413 Official website: http://www. ... Wilbraham is a town located in Hampden County, Massachusetts, USA. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 13,473. ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ...

Present day

Because of state restrictions, most areas around the reservoir are accessible only by foot, through fifty-five surrounding gates. Few people ever go into the deep woods, and it has become a wildlife area. Bald eagles, moose, bears, foxes, and wildcats share the habitat. Large portions of Dana are on higher ground, and its remains, predominantly cellar holes, as well as the former town green (where a historic stone marker was placed) can be visited. Much of Prescott is also above water, on what is now known as the Prescott Peninsula, but it cannot be visited because of state restrictions, although there is an annual tour of the town conducted by the Swift River Valley Historical Society. A few houses and roads exist which were once part of North Prescott (now New Salem), and there is a town line marker just north of the gates, indicating the former town line for Prescott. Cellar holes have been filled near the center of what was once Prescott to accommodate the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory operated by the University of Massachusetts Amherst. New Salem is a town located in Franklin County, Massachusetts. ... FRCAO Radome-enclosed 14-m Telescope. ... The University of Massachusetts Amherst (otherwise known as UMass Amherst or UMass) is a research and land-grant university in Amherst, Massachusetts, USA. The University of Massachusetts Amherst offers over 90 undergraduate and 65 graduate areas of study. ...

Recreation

Fishing is allowed in designated areas in the northern portions of the reservoir. There is a visitor center south of the reservoir, as well as an observatory tower, the Enfield Lookout. This area is accessible by car from the south using State Route 9. The reservation is a popular spot for hiking and other outdoor activities. This area was formerly part of the town of Enfield, which was annexed by Belchertown. Massachusetts State Highway 9, always referred to simply as Route 9, is a major east-west state highway in Massachusetts. ... Enfield was a town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, location 42° 19 N, 072° 22 W. The town was incorporated in 1801 from portions of Greenwich and Belchertown. ...   Belchertown is a town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States. ...

References

• Map showing the towns buried under Quabbin as they looked in 1903 with original house locations and current reservoir water level
• [1]
• Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, Quabbin Reservoir, accessed on 2005-10-20
• Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, Water System History, accessed on 2005-10-20
• Wallace, Floyd Associates, A History of the Development of the Metropolitan District Commission Water Supply SystemPDF (3.49 MiB) , in Metropolitan District Commission, Water Supply Study and Environmental Impact Report-2020, Task 18-20, September, 1984; accessed on 2005-10-20
• Tougias, Michael. Quabbin: A History and Explorer's Guide. Yarmouth Port, Massachusetts: On Cape Publications, 2002.
• Court order and statement of facts about MWRA facilities

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Nickname: Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: Country United States State Massachusetts County Hampshire County Settled 1654 Incorporated 1656 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Mary Clare Higgins Area  - City  35. ... Peabody is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Pittsfield redirects here. ... Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: Country United States State Massachusetts County Norfolk County Settled 1625 Incorporated 1792 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor William J. Phelan Area  - City  26. ... Revere is a city located in Suffolk County, Massachusetts and borders Winthrop, East Boston and Chelsea to the south, Everett and Malden to the west, Saugus and Lynn to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. ... Nickname: Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country United States State Massachusetts County Essex County Settled 1626 Incorporated 1626 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Kimberley Driscoll Area  - City  18. ... Nickname: City of Homes Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: Country United States State Massachusetts County Hampden County Settled 1636 Incorporated 1636 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Charles Ryan (D) Area  - City  33. ... Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: Country United States State Massachusetts County Middlesex County Settled 1630 Incorporated 1842 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Joseph A. Curtatone Area  - City  4. ... The Town of Southbridge is a city[1] in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. ...   Settled: 1638 â€“ Incorporated: 1639 Zip Code(s): 02718, 02780, 02783 â€“ Area Code(s): 508 / 774 Official website: http://www. ...   Often called the true birthplace of the industrial revolution, Waltham is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: Country United States State Massachusetts County Middlesex County Settled 1630 Incorporated 1630 Government  - Type Town Council  - City Manager Michael J. Driscoll Area  - City  4. ... The Town of West Springfield (familiarly known as West Side) is a city[1] in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Nickname: Coordinates: Country United States of America State Massachusetts Counties Hampden County Settled 1660 Incorporated (town) May 19, 1669 Incorporated (city) November 2, 1920 Government  - Mayor Richard K. Sullivan Jr. ... Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: Country United States State Massachusetts County Norfolk County Settled 1630 Incorporated 1635 Government Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor David M. Madden (D) Area  - City  21. ... Benjamin Thompson House, Woburn, Massachusetts. ... Nickname: Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: Country United States State Massachusetts County Worcester County Settled 1673 Incorporated 1684 Government  - Type Council-manager also known as Plan E  - City Manager Michael V. OBrien  - Mayor Konstantina B. Lukes  - City Council Dennis L. Irish Michael C. Perotto Joseph M. Petty Gary Rosen Kathleen...
Topics	Culture | Geography | Government | History | Images | Towns | Villages This is the History of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, a state in the United States. ... The following is a list of towns in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. ... This is a list of villages in Massachusetts, arranged alphabetically. ...