Quartodecimanism ("fourteenism") was the practice of fixing the date of Easter (in the Bible called Pesach) to the 14th day of Nisan in the Bible's Hebrew Calendar which, according to the Gospels, was the time Jesus was crucified in Jerusalem. It was one of several methods of fixing the date of the Easter holiday. Since the Bible's calendar is lunisolar and the Roman/Western calendar is only solar, it is difficult to calculate Nisan 14 in the western calendar without knowledge of how a lunisolar calendar system works. Quartodecimanism was popular among Christians in Asia Minor and it is generally believed that this was the method specifically preferred by the followers of the Apostle John, since it was advocated by St Polycarp, a student of the Apostle. Easter is the most important holiday of the Christian year, observed in March, April, or May each year to celebrate the resurrection of Jesus from the dead after his death by crucifixion (see Good Friday), which Christians believe happened at about this time of year around AD 30-33. ... Passover, also known as Pesach or Pesah (פסח pesaḥ), is a Jewish holiday (lasting seven days in Israel and among some liberal Diaspora Jews, and eight days among other Diaspora Jews) that commemorates the exodus and freedom of the Israelites from Egypt; it is also observed by some Christians to... For the country in the game Xenogears, see Xenogears terms#Nisan. ... This figure, in a detail of a medieval Hebrew calendar, reminded Jews of the palm branches (Lulav) and the citron (Etrog) to be brought to the synagogue at the end of sukkot, closing the solemn convocations of the calendar in autumn. ... The neutrality and accuracy of this article are disputed. ... A lunisolar calendar is a calendar whose date indicates both the moon phase and the season. ... Anatolia (Greek: ανατολη anatole, rising of the sun or East; compare Orient and Levant, by popular etymology Turkish Anadolu to ana mother and dolu filled), also called by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to the Asian portion of Turkey. ... John the Apostle (יוחנן The LORD is merciful, Standard Hebrew Yoḥanan, Tiberian Hebrew Yôḥānān) was one of the twelve apostles of Jesus. ... Polycarp of Smyrna (69?-155?, 80?-166?, 81?-167?, 79?-165?, or 70?-156?) was a Christian bishop of Smyrna (now in Asiatic Turkey) in the second century. ...

In the second century AD a dispute arose over the churches of the East in Asia Minor and the Church of Rome. The churches of the East celebrated Easter on the 14th of Nisan in observance of the Bible while the Church of Rome celebrated on the first day of the week, which was on Sunday and of supposedly pagan origin, as some alleged, due to its similarities to Ishtar and Sol Invictus. According to the New Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 4, page 227, Sol Invictus had been adopted by the Church of Rome as evidenced by Christ as Apollo-Helios in a musoleum discovered under St. Peter's Basilica and dated to 250 and from volume 3, page 656, from the beginning of the third century "Sun of Justice" was used as a title of Christ. This difference resulted in the Apostolic Father Polycarp visiting Rome to settle the matter with Pope Anicetus. In addition Polycrates and Irenaeus wrote in support of the Quartodecimans. It was agreed that both should not interfere in how they celebrate Easter. However in 190 Anicetus' successor Pope Victor I, the first Latin Pope, excommunicated the Quartodecimans for not adhering to the Easter practices of Rome thereby causing a schism between the Church of Rome and those Orthodox churches that observed the Quartodeciman. Despite this schism, the Quartodecimans Melito of Sardis and Polycarp, for example, are both recognized as Saints by both the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches. In 325CE, the First Council of Nicaea came to a decision that the Church as a whole should use a unified system, which was the Roman one. However, to this day, the controversy remains unsettled. Within a European Christian context, paganism is a catch-all term which has come to connote a broad set of not necessarily compatible religious beliefs and practices (see Cult (religion)) of a natural religion (as opposed to a revealed religion of a text), which are usually, but not necessarily, characterized... Ishtar is the Akkadian counterpart to the Sumerian Inanna and to the cognate northwest Semitic goddess `Ashtart. ... Sol Invictus (the unconquered sun), or more fully, Deus Sol Invictus (the unconquered sun god) was a religious title applied to three distinct divinities during the later Roman Empire. ... This article is about Greek mythology. ... Interior view, with the nave of the Basilica in the back St. ... The Apostolic Fathers were a small collection of Christian authors who lived and wrote in the late 1st and early 2nd centuries who are acknowledged as leaders in the early church, but whose writings were not included in the collection of Chirstian scripture, the New Testament Biblical canon. ... Anicetus was pope from about 154 to about 167 (the Vaticans list cites 150 or 157 to 153 or 168. ... Polycrates, son of Aeaces, was the tyrant of Samos from 535 BC to 515 BC. He took power during a festival of Hera with his brothers Pantagnotus and Syloson, but soon had Pantagnotus killed and exiled Syloson to take full control for himself. ... Saint Irenaeus (c. ... Saint Victor I was pope from 189 to 199 (the Vatican cites 186 or 189 to 197 or 201). ... Melito of Sardis, or Melito of Sardes, a Christian saint, was the was the bishop of Sardis in Asia Minor. ... The Roman Catholic Church is the largest religious denomination of Christianity with over one billion members. ... ... Events May 20 - First Council of Nicaea _ first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church: The Nicene Creed is formulated, the date of Easter is discussed. ... The Common Era (CE), also known as current era, is the period beginning with the year 1 onwards. ... The First Council of Nicaea, which took place during the reign of the emperor Constantine in 325 AD, was the first ecumenical (from Greek oikumene, worldwide) conference of bishops of the Christian Church. ...