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The Quebec Bridge (Pont de Québec in French) in Canada crosses the lower Saint Lawrence River to the west of Quebec City, and Lévis, Quebec. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 116 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Quebec Bridge Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to...
The Saint Lawrence River (French fleuve Saint-Laurent) is a large west-to-east flowing river in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ...
Motto: Don de Dieu feray valoir (I shall put Gods gift to good use; the Don de Dieu was Champlains ship) Coordinates: , Country Province Agglomeration Quebec City Statute of the city Capitale-Nationale Administrative Region Capitale-Nationale Founded 1608 by Samuel de Champlain Constitution date 1833 Government - Mayor...
Coordinates: Country Canada Province Québec Established January 1, 2002 Government - Mayor Danielle Roy-Marinelli - Governing body Lévis City Council - MPs Steven Blaney, Jacques Gourde - MNAs Christian Lévesque, Marc Picard Area - City 334. ...
The Canadian National Railway (CN; AAR reporting marks CN, CNA, CNIS) is a Canadian Class I railway operated by the Canadian National Railway Company headquartered in Montreal, Quebec. ...
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is the 337th day of the year (338th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ...
Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...
TheSaint Lawrence River (In French: fleuve Saint-Laurent) is a large west-to-east flowing river in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ...
Motto: Don de Dieu feray valoir (I shall put Gods gift to good use; the Don de Dieu was Champlains ship) Coordinates: , Country Province Agglomeration Quebec City Statute of the city Capitale-Nationale Administrative Region Capitale-Nationale Founded 1608 by Samuel de Champlain Constitution date 1833 Government - Mayor...
Coordinates: Country Canada Province Québec Established January 1, 2002 Government - Mayor Danielle Roy-Marinelli - Governing body Lévis City Council - MPs Steven Blaney, Jacques Gourde - MNAs Christian Lévesque, Marc Picard Area - City 334. ...
, Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Official languages French Government - Lieutenant-Governor Pierre Duchesne - Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 75 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area Ranked 2nd - Total 1,542,056 km² (595...
The Quebec Bridge is a riveted steel truss structure and is 987 metres (3,239 feet) long, 29 m (94 ft) wide, and 104 m (340 ft) high. Cantilever arms 177 m (580 ft) long support a 195 m (640 ft) central structure, for a total span of 549 m (1800 ft), the longest cantilever bridge span in the world. It is the easternmost complete crossing of the Saint Lawrence. A rivetted buffer beam on a steam locomotive A rivet is a mechanical fastener consisting of a smooth cylindrical shaft with heads on either end, the second one formed in position. ...
The steel cable of a colliery winding tower. ...
In architecture and structural engineering, a truss is a structure comprising one or more triangular units which are constructed with straight slender members whose ends are connected at joints. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
The bridge accommodates three highway lanes (none until 1929, one until 1949, two until 1993), one rail line (two until 1949), and a pedestrian walkway (originally two); at one time it also carried a streetcar line. It is owned by the Canadian National Railway since 1993. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
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Look up Pedestrian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
This article refers to public transport vehicles running on rails. ...
The Canadian National Railway (CN; AAR reporting marks CN, CNA, CNIS) is a Canadian Class I railway operated by the Canadian National Railway Company headquartered in Montreal, Quebec. ...
History
Background Before the Quebec Bridge was built, the only way to travel from the south shore of the St. Lawrence in Levis to the north shore at Quebec City was to take a ferry. As far back as 1852 a project for a bridge over the St. Lawrence River at Quebec was considered, and again, in 1867, 1882, and 1884. Lévis (officially Ville de Lévis) is a city in eastern Quebec, Canada. ...
Motto: « Don de Dieu feray valoir » (I shall put Gods gift to good use) Site in the province of Québec Official logo Provincial region Province Country Capitale-Nationale Québec Canada Gentilé Québécois, Québécoise Mayor Jean-Paul LAllier 1989-Dec. ...
- The bridge question has again been revived after many years of slumber, and business men in Quebec seem hopeful that something will come of it, though the placing of a subsidy on the statute book is but a small part of the work to be accomplished, as some of its enthusiastic promoters will, ere long, discover. Both Federal and Provincial Governments seem disposed to contribute towards the cost, and the City of Quebec will also be expected to do its share. Many of our people have objected to any contribution being given by the city unless the bridge is built opposite the town, and the CHRONICLE like every other good citizen of Quebec would prefer to see it constructed at Diamond Harbor, and has contended in the interests of the city for this site as long as there seemed to be any possibility of securing it there. It would still do so if it appeared that our people could have it at that site. A bridge at Diamond Harbor would, it estimated, cost at least eight millions. It would be very nice to have, with its double track, electric car track, and roads for vehicles and pedestrians, and would no doubt create a goodly traffic between the two towns, and be one of the show works of the continent.
First design
Collapse of August 29, 1907 The Quebec Bridge was included in the National Transcontinental Railway project, undertaken by the federal government.-1...
By 1904, the structure was taking shape. However, preliminary calculations made early in the planning stages were never properly checked when the design was finalized, and the actual weight of the bridge was far in excess of its carrying capacity. The dead load was too heavy. All went well until the bridge was nearing completion in the summer of 1907, but then the local engineering team under Norman McLure began noticing increasing distortions of key structural members already in place.
McLure became increasingly concerned and wrote repeatedly to supervising engineer Theodore Cooper, who at first replied that the problems were minor. The Phoenix Company officials were claiming that the beams must already have been bent before they were installed, but by August 27 it had become clear to McLure that this was wrong. A more experienced engineer might have telegraphed Cooper, but McLure wrote him a letter, then went to New York to meet with him on August 29, 1907. Cooper then agreed that the issue was serious, and promptly telegraphed to the Phoenix Bridge Company: "Add no more load to bridge till after due consideration of facts." The two engineers then went to the Phoenix offices. Theodore Cooper (1839-1919) was an American Civil engineer. ...
But the message had not been passed on to Quebec, and now it was too late[citation needed]. That same afternoon, after four years of construction, the south arm and part of the central section of the bridge collapsed into the St. Lawrence River in just 15 seconds. Of the 86 workers on the bridge that day near quitting time, 75 were killed and the rest were injured. Of these victims, 33 were Mohawk steelworkers from the Kahnawake reserve near Montreal; they were buried at Kahnawake under crosses made of steel beams. The Saint Lawrence River (French fleuve Saint-Laurent) is a large west-to-east flowing river in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ...
Languages English, Mohawk Religions Christianity, Longhouse Related ethnic groups other Iroquoian peoples The Mohawk (Kanienkeh, Kanienkehaka or Kanien’Kahake, meaning People of the Flint) are an indigenous people of North America originally from the Mohawk Valley in upstate New York to Southern Quebec and Eastern Ontario. ...
The Kahnawake Mohawk Territory (formerly called Caughnawaga) is an Indian reserve on the south shore of the St. ...
Nickname: Motto: Concordia Salus (well-being through harmony) Coordinates: , Country Province Founded 1642 Established 1832 Government - Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area [1][2][3] - City 365. ...
Second design After a Royal Commission of Inquiry into the collapse, construction started on a second bridge. Three engineers were appointed: H.E. Vautelet, a former engineer for the Canadian Pacific Railways, Maurice FitzMaurice from Britain, who worked on the construction of the Forth Bridge, and Ralph Modjeski from Chicago. Vautelet was President and Chief Engineer. The new design was still for a bridge with a single long cantilever span, but a much more massive one. On September 11, 1916, when the central span was being raised into position, it fell into the river, killing eleven workers. The term Forth Bridge is the correct term for the railway bridge across the Firth of Forth in Scotland. ...
Ralph Modjeski (born Rudolf Modrzejewski) (1861-1940) was a Polish-born engineer who achieved prominence in the United States. ...
Completion Construction was ultimately completed in August 1919, at a total cost of $25 million and 86 bridgeworkers' lives. On December 3, 1919, the Quebec Bridge opened for rail traffic, after almost two decades of construction. Its center span of 549 meters (1800 feet) remains the longest cantilevered bridge span in the world and is considered a major engineering feat.
Post-completion history
 The bridge seen from the Parc Aquarium du Québec. The bridge was built and designed primarily as a railway bridge, but the streetcar lines and one of the two railway tracks were converted into automobile and pedestrian/cycling lanes in subsequent years. In 1970 the Pierre Laporte Suspension Bridge opened just upstream to accommodate freeway traffic on Quebec Autoroute 73. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2032x1524, 891 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Quebec Bridge Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2032x1524, 891 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Quebec Bridge Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner...
The Pierre Laporte Bridge was originally named the New Quebec Bridge and was supposed to be called Pont Frontenac until it was renamed in honour of Quebec Vice-Premier Pierre Laporte, who was kidnapped and murdered during the October Crisis of 1970. ...
The Autoroute system in the province of Quebec, Canada, is a network of expressways which operate under the same principle of controlled access as the Interstate Highway System in the United States or the 400-Series Highways in neighbouring Ontario. ...
Autoroute 73 (also called Autoroute Robert-Cliche south of Quebec City and Autoroute Laurentienne to the north) is an important Autoroute in east-central Quebec. ...
The Quebec Bridge was declared a historic monument in 1987 by the Canadian and American Society of Civil Engineers. On January 24, 1996, the bridge was declared a National Historic Site of Canada.
The bridge was built as part of the National Transcontinental Railway, which was merged into the Canadian Government Railways and later became part of the Canadian National Railway (CN). The Canadian Government Railways company was maintained by the federal government until 1993, when a Privy Council order dated July 22 authorized the sale of Canadian Government Railways to the Crown corporation CN for one dollar (CAD). On this date, the Quebec Bridge also came under complete ownership of CN. CN was privatized in November 1995, making the bridge privately owned. Canadian Government Railways (CGR) was the descriptive name used between 1915_1918 for all federal government-owned railways in Canada. ...
The Canadian National Railway (CN; AAR reporting marks CN, CNA, CNIS) is a Canadian Class I railway operated by the Canadian National Railway Company headquartered in Montreal, Quebec. ...
A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a nation, especially in a monarchy. ...
In Commonwealth countries a Crown corporation is a state-controlled company or enterprise (a public corporation). ...
Despite its private ownership, CN receives federal and provincial funding to undertake repairs and maintenance on the structure.
Aftermath In Canada and many other countries the aftermath of the Quebec bridge scenario still affects many today. This disaster showed what unquestionable power an engineer had in a project. This led many to question this power. Engineers worried about government intervention acted on their own and founded multiple independent engineering groups.
Eventually these groups formed together in their respective areas and created what are now recognized as organizations of Professional Engineers. PEs are under different rules and regulations based on the organization to which they belong. General guidelines include that an engineer must pass an ethical examination, be able to show good character through the use of character witnesses and have applicable engineering experience (in Canada this constitutes a minimum of four years' practice under a certified Professional Engineer).
Trivia - The next longest cantilever bridge spans are on the Forth Bridge over the Firth of Forth in Scotland, completed in 1890. It has two main spans each just 90 feet (27 m) shorter than that of the Quebec Bridge.
- Some have claimed that a portion of the collapsed bridge has been used over the past century to smelt rings used in the Iron Ring issued in the Ritual of the Calling of an Engineer ceremonies, administered for graduating Canadian engineering students. This is possibly apocryphal, as the bridge was steel, not raw iron. Nonetheless these rings, voluntarily carried on the little finger of the working hand of professional engineers in Canada, are meant to serve as a reminder to engineers of their social responsibilities to follow the ethical requirements of their profession.
For the nearby road bridge, see Forth Road Bridge. ...
The Firth of Forth from Calton Hill The Forth Bridges cross the Firth Satellite photo of the Firth and the surrounding area Map of the Firth Firth of Forth (Scottish Gaelic: Linne Foirthe) is the estuary or firth of Scotlands River Forth, where it flows into the North Sea...
This article is about the country. ...
Iron Ring, stainless steel version, circa 2004. ...
Canada Post stamp commemorating the 75th anniversary of the Ritual. ...
See also This is a list of bridges, ferries, and other crossings of the Saint Lawrence River from the Gulf of Saint Lawrence upstream to Lake Ontario. ...
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