The Buttermans, the historic home of John Newman, the "butter king," is one of several Queen Anne mansions in Elgin, Illinois

The Queen Anne style of British and American architecture reached its greatest popularity in the last quarter of the 19th century, manifesting itself in a number of different ways, not identically in Great Britain and the United States of America. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (954x845, 271 KB)This beautiful brick Queen Anne mansion in historic Elgin, Illinois was the home of John Newman, the butter king. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (954x845, 271 KB)This beautiful brick Queen Anne mansion in historic Elgin, Illinois was the home of John Newman, the butter king. ...

Original "Queen Anne" style

The Queen Anne style of British architecture in the 1870s was popularized by George Devey and the better-known Richard Norman Shaw (1831-1912). Its historic precedents were broad: it combined fine brickwork, often in a warmer, softer finish than the Victorians were characteristically using, varied with terra-cotta panels, or tile-hung upper stories, with crisply painted white woodwork, or blond limestone detailing: oriel windows, often stacked one above another, corner towers, asymmetrical fronts and picturesque massing, Flemish mannerist sunken panels of strapwork, deeply shadowed entrances, broad porches, in a domesticated free Renaissance style. Architectural history studies the evolution and history of architecture across the world through a consideration of various influences- artistic, socio-cultural, political, economic and technological. ... Events and Trends Technology The invention of the telephone (1876) by Alexander Graham Bell. ... George Devey was born in London in 1820, the second son of Frederick and Ann Devey. ... Richard Norman Shaw (Edinburgh May 7, 1831 - London November 17, 1912), was the most influential British architect from the 1870s to the 1900s, known for his country houses and for commercial buildings. ... 1831 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1912 is a leap year starting on Monday. ...

Norman Shaw published a book of architectural sketches as early as 1858, and his evocative pen-and-ink drawings began to appear in trade journals and artistic magazines in the 1870s. American commercial builders were quick to pick up the style. 1858 is a common year starting on Friday. ...

In the late 1850s, the name "Queen Anne" was in the air, ever since William Makepeace Thackeray's novel, The History of Henry Esmond, Esq., A Colonel in the Service of Her Majesty Queen Anne had appeared (1852). Events and Trends Technology Production of steel revolutionised by invention of the Bessemer process Benjamin Silliman fractionates petroleum by distillation for the first time First transatlantic telegraph cable laid First safety elevator installed by Elisha Otis Science Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species, putting forward the theory of evolution... William Makepeace Thackeray (July 18, 1811 – December 24, 1863) was an English novelist of the 19th century. ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

One minor side effect of Thackeray's novel and Norman Shaw's freehand picturesque vernacular Renaissance survives to this day. When, in the early 1870s, Chinese-inspired Early Georgian furniture on cabriole legs, featuring smooth expanses of walnut, and chairs with flowing lines and slat backs began to be looked for in out-of-the-way curio shops (Macquoid 1904), the style was misattributed to the reign of Queen Anne, and the "Queen Anne" misnomer has stuck to this day. (Even the most stylish furnishings of the historical reign of Queen Anne (1702-1714), as inventories reveal, was in a style that would be immediately identified now as "William and Mary".) Anne Queen of Great Britain and Ireland Anne (6 February 1665–1 August 1714) became Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702. ... Events March 8 - William III died; Princess Anne Stuart becomes Queen Anne of England, Scotland and Ireland. ... // Events August 1 - George, elector of Hanover becomes King George I of Great Britain. ... William III and II (14 November 1650–8 March 1702; also known as William Henry and William of Orange) was a Dutch Prince of Orange from his birth, King of England and Ireland from 13 February 1689, and King of Scotland from 11 April 1689, in each case until his...

American Queen Anne style

Queen-Anne-style buildings in America came into vogue in the 1880s, replacing the French-derived Second Empire as the 'style of the moment'; the popularity of high Queen Anne style waned as in the early 1900s, however some elements, such as wraparound front porch, continued to be found on buildings into the 1920s. This article is about the Second Empire architectural style. ...

Located in the northern California community of Eureka (Humboldt County) is the Carson Mansion, one of the best examples of "high" Queen Anne style architecture in the United States.

In America, Queen Anne generally refers to an era of style, rather then a specific formulaic style in its own right. Unlike its British counterpart's use of "crisp white trim" (see above), Queen Anne in America escewed white for bold color resulting in Polychrome paint schemes on exteriors, often referred to as painted ladies, a term that rose in popularity in the 1970s. The most famous Queen Anne residence in America, and quite possibly the best and highest execution of the style in the western world, is the Carson Mansion of Eureka, California. Carson Mansion, Eureka, California (Humboldt County) is one of best examples of high Queen Anne Style in the United States. ... Carson Mansion, Eureka, California (Humboldt County) is one of best examples of high Queen Anne Style in the United States. ... Polychrome is one of the terms used to describe the use of multiple colors in one entity. ... Victorian houses known as the Painted Ladies at Alamo Square park in San Francisco. ...

Within the American Queen Anne Style, broadly speaking, there were also the Eastlake, Stick and Shingle Styles:

The Stick style sought to bring a translation of the balloon framing used in houses in the era by alluding to them through plain trim boards, soffets, aprons and other decorative features, while eliminating overtly ornate features such as rounded towers and gingerbread trim. In the house at left, maximum picturesque value is achieved within the means of a house-carpenter equipped with a turning lathe. Recognizably "Queen Anne" details: interpenetrating roof planes with bold panelled brick chimneys, the embedded corner tower (rendered as an octagon) with its conical roof, the wrap-around porch, spindle detailing, the "panelled" sectioning of blank wall, crown detailing along the roof peaks, radiating spindle details at the gable peaks. Edmeston is a town located in Otsego County, New York. ... This article is about a lathe as a tool. ...

The home of President Warren G. Harding (not illustrated) in Marion, Ohio is another example of stick style architecture; however the porch (which is best known as the home of the Front Porch Campaign of 1920) designed by architect Frank Packard and built onto the house is neo-classical in style, while influenced by the Queen Anne era in that it wraps around the house. Highly stylized and decorative versions of the Stick style are often referred to as Eastlake. Order: 29th President Vice President: Calvin Coolidge Term of office: March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923 Preceded by: Woodrow Wilson Succeeded by: Calvin Coolidge Date of birth: November 2, 1865 Place of birth: Near Blooming Grove, Ohio Date of death: August 2, 1923 Place of death: San Francisco, California First...

The Eastlake style is named for Charles Eastlake (1836-1906), an Englishman whose Hints on Household Taste in Furniture, Upholstery, and Other Details (1868) was highly influential in American design, by translating John Ruskin and William Morris's ideas into a decorative vocabulary for the carpenter and builder. The Eastlake style's importance is delineated by the use of geometric shapes made possible by modern machine techniques of the era. By making these intricate shapes with machines, it was possible to duplicate the exact complex patterns repeatedly, and in unusual places, such as the inside plates of a hinge. For the 19th century English painter, see Sir Charles Lock Eastlake Charles Locke Eastlake (1836 - 1906) was an architect and furniture designer. ... Upper: Steel-plate engraving of Ruskin as a young man, made circa 1845?, scanned from print made circa 1895. ... William Morris, socialist and innovator in the arts & crafts movement William Morris, publisher Davids Charge to Solomon (1882), a stained-glass window by Edward Burne-Jones and William Morris in Trinity Church, Boston, Massachusetts. ...

Kragsyde, summer residence of G. Nixon Black, Manchester-by-the-Sea, 1883, Designed by Peabody and Stearns

The Shingle style in America was made popular by the rise of the New England school of architecture, which eschewed the highly ornamented patterns of the Eastlake style. In the Shingle Style, English influence was combined with the renewed interest in Colonial American architecture which followed the 1876 celebration of the Centennial. Architects emulated colonial houses' plain, shingled surfaces as well as their massing, whether in the simple gable of McKim Mead and White's Low House or in the complex massing of Kragsyde, which looked almost as if a colonial house had been fancifully expanded over many years. Kragsyde, the summer residence of G. Nixon Black, Manchester-by-Sea Massachusetts File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Kragsyde, the summer residence of G. Nixon Black, Manchester-by-Sea Massachusetts File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Peabody and Stearns was a premier architectural firm in the eastern United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century. ...

This impression of the passage of time was enhanced by the use of shingles. Some architects, in order to attain a weathered look on a new building, even had the cedar shakes dipped in buttermilk, dried and then installed, to leave a grayish tinge to the façade.

The Shingle Style also conveyed a sense of the house as continuous volume. This effect - of the building as an envelope of space, rather than a great mass, was enhanced by the visual tautness of the flat shingled surfaces, the horizontal shape of many shingle style houses, and the emphasis on horizontal continuity, both in exterior details and in the flow of spaces within the houses.

McKim, Mead and White and Peabody and Stearns were two of the notable firms of the era that helped to popularize the Shingle Style, through their large scale commissions for 'seaside cottages' of the rich and the well-to-do in such places as Newport, Rhode Island. However the most famous Shingle style house built in American was 'Kragsyde' (1882) the summer home commissioned by Bostononian G. Nixon Black, from Peabody and Stearns. Kragsyde was built atop the rocky coastal shore near Manchester-By-the-Sea, Massachusetts, and embodied every possible tenet of the Shingle style. McKim, Mead, and White was the premier architectural firm in the eastern United States at the turn of the twentieth century. ... Peabody and Stearns was a premier architectural firm in the eastern United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century. ... Manchester-by-the-Sea (also called just Manchester) is a town located in Essex County, Massachusetts. ...

Many of the concepts of the Shingle Style were adopted by Gustav Stickley, and adapted to the American version of the Arts and Crafts Movement, locally known as the "Mission Style". Gustav Stickley (March 9, 1858–April 21, 1942) was a furniture maker and architect as well as the leading spokesperson for the American Arts and Crafts movement. ... The Arts and Crafts movement was a reformist movement, at first inspired by the writings of John Ruskin, that was at its height between approximately 1880–1910. ... Postcard of the reconstructed Mission Santa Bárbara The California missions are a series of settlements established by Spanish Catholic Franciscans, to Christianize the local Native Americans, but with the added benefit of giving Spain a toehold in the frontier land. ...

Additionally, there are several other notable styles of Victorian architecture, including Italianate, Second Empire, Folk and Gothic Revival. This article is about the Second Empire architectural style. ... Folk can refer to a number of different things: It can be short for folk music, or, for folksong, or, for folklore; it may be a word for a specific people, tribe, or nation, especially one of the Germanic peoples; it might even be a calque on the related German... Victoria Tower at the Palace of Westminster, London: Gothic details provided by A.W.N. Pugin The Gothic revival was a European architectural movement with origins in mid-18th century England. ...

External link

• Queen Anne Style in Buffalo, New York, 1880-1910

Further reading

• Girouard, Mark, Sweetness and Light: The Queen Anne Movement, 1860-1900, Yale University Press, 1984. The primary survey of the movement.
• Macquoid, Percy, Age of Walnut, 1904.
• Vincent J. Scully Jr, The Shingle Style and the Stick Style: Architectural Theory and Design from Downing to the Origins of Wright, revised edition, Yale University Press, 1971.
• Rifkind, Carole. A Field Guide to American Architecture. Penguin Books, New York, 1980.
• Whiffen, Marcus. American Architecture Since 1780, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1999.