A quilombo (from the Kimbundu word kilombo) is a Brazilian hinterland settlement founded by Quilombolas, or Maroons and, sometimes, a minority of marginalised Portuguese, Brazilian aboriginals, and/or other non-black, non-slave Brazilians. Some of these settlements were near Portuguese settlements and active both in defending against capitães do mato commissioned to recapture slaves and in facilitating the escape of even more slaves. For this reason, they were targets of the Dutch, then Portuguese colonial authorities and, later, of the Brazilian state and slaveowners. Some quilombos that were farther from Portuguese settlements and the later Brazilian cities were tolerated and still exist as towns today, with inhabitants speaking distinctly African-Portuguese Creole languages. In the Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America, such a settlement is called a palenque and its inhabitants are palenqueros who speak various Spanish-African-based creole languages. Kimbundu is one of the most spoken pre-colonial languages in central africa. ... The meaning of hinterland and its history. ... Ronda, Spain Main street in Bastrop, Texas, a small town A town is a community of people ranging from a few hundred to several thousands, although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan areas. ... A Quilombola is a resident of a Quilombo in Brazil. ... Body of Djuka Maroon child brought before a medicine man, Suriname 1955 A Maroon (from the word marronage or American/Spanish cimarrón: wild, savage, fugitive, runaway, lit. ... The Indigenous peoples in Brazil (povos indígenas in Portuguese) comprise a large number of distinct ethnic groups who inhabited the countrys present territory prior to its discovery by Europeans around 1500. ... It has been suggested that Benign colonialism be merged into this article or section. ... Ronda, Spain Main street in Bastrop, Texas, a small town A town is a community of people ranging from a few hundred to several thousands, although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan areas. ... Map showing the distribution of African language families and some major African languages. ... Portuguese creoles are creole languages which have been significantly influenced by Portuguese. ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... Map showing the distribution of African language families and some major African languages. ... A creole language, or simply a creole, is stable language that originated from a non-trivial combination of two or more languages, typically with many features that are not inherited from any parent. ...

It is widely believed that the term quilombo establishes a link between Palmares (see later) and the culture of central Angola where the majority of slaves were forcibly brought to Brazil, because, during the time of the slave trafficking, natives in central Angola, called Imbangala, had created an institution called a kilombo that united various tribes of diverse lineage into a community designed for military resistance during that time of upheaval. However, the documentation on Palmares typically uses the term mocambo to describe the settlements, and quilombo was not used until the 1670s and then primarily in more southerly parts of Brazil. The Imbangala or Mbangala were 17th century groups of Angolan warriors and marauders, often confused with the Jaga. ...

The most famous of the quilombos was Palmares, an independent, self-sustaining republic near Recife, established in about 1600. Part of the reason for the massive size of the quilombo at Palmares was because of its location in Brazil, which was at the median point between the Atlantic Ocean and Guinea, an important area of the African slave trade. At its height, Palmares was massive and consisted of several settlements with a combined population of over 30,000 renegades, mostly blacks. Ganga Zumba and Zumbi are the two most well known warrior-leaders of Palmares which, after a history of conflict with, first, Dutch and then Portuguese colonial authorities, finally fell to a Portuguese artillery assault in 1694. Palmares, or Quilombo dos Palmares, was a quilombo, a settlement of runaway and free-born African slaves, founded around 1600 in the Serra da Barriga hills of northeastern Brazil. ... Nickname: Motto: Ut luceat omnibus Latin: That it may shine on all (Matthew 5:15) Location in Brazil Founded March 12, 1537 Incorporated (as village) 1709 Incorporated (as city) 1823 Government  - Mayor João Paulo Lima e Silva (PT) Area  - City 218 km²  (84. ... 1600 was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Look up black in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Ganga Zumba was the first of the leaders of Quilombo dos Palmares, in the present-day state of Alagoas, Brazil. ... Bust of Zumbi dos Palmares in Brasília. ... It has been suggested that Benign colonialism be merged into this article or section. ... Events February 6 - The colony Quilombo dos Palmares is destroyed. ...

In Brazil, both men are honored as heroes and symbols of black pride, freedom and democracy to this day. Zumbi's execution date (as his birthday is unknown), November 20, is acknowledged as the National Day of the Black Conscience and he has appeared in postage stamps, banknotes and coins. November 20 is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A selection of Hong Kong postage stamps A postage stamp is evidence of pre-paying a fee for postal services. ... A £20 Bank of England banknote. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

The Brazilian 1988 constitution granted the remaining quilombos the collective ownership of the lands they have occupied since colonial times, thus recognizing their distinct identity at the same level of the Indians. Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ...

In the Spanish dialect of the River Plate, the word quilombo has come to mean brothel^[1], and later big mess^[1]. In Venezuelan Spanish, it means boondocks^[1]. Main urban centers of Rioplatense Spanish. ... A brothel, also known as a bordello or whorehouse, is an establishment specifically dedicated to prostitution, providing the prostitutes a place to meet and to have sex with the clients. ... A boondock, in geography, is a landform consisting of a slight rise in elevation found in vegetated sandy landscapes, such as Colorados San Luis Valley. ...

A 1984 film titled Quilombo^[2] depicts the rise and fall of Palmares. Directed by Carlos Diegues, Quilombo is a mystical, yet mostly accurate, historical epic that chronicles the lives of Ganga Zumba and Zumbi. Carlos Diegues, also known as Cacá Diegues, (born 19 May 1940 in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil) is a Brazilian film director. ...

See also

• Atlantic slave trade
• Cafuzo
• Capoeira
• Garifuna
• Palenque (village) - the equivalent settlements in Spanish America
• Slavery
• Triangular trade
• Zambo
• Mocambos

The Atlantic slave trade was the trade of African slaves by Europeans that occurred in and around the Atlantic Ocean. ... Cafuzo is a term of Portuguese origin describing the first generation offspring of a Black African and an Amerindian (see Zambo). ... ... Garífuna is a spanish term for the people and language of the Garínagu. ... A palenque was a type of village hidden in the jungles of Spanish America. ... Slave redirects here. ... An example of three way trade in the North Atlantic Triangular trade is a historical term denoting trade between three ports or regions. ... A representation of Zambos in Pintura de Castas during the Latin American colonial period. ... A mocambo was a village-sized community of runaway slaves in colonial America, particularly in colonial Brazil. ...

References

• Oppression & Rebellion: The Quilombo at Palmares (scholarly article)
• Articles and sources for quilombos in Brazil

1. ^ ^{a b c} quilombo at the Diccionario de la Real Academia Española.
2. ^ Quilombo at IMDB