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Encyclopedia > ROT13
ROT13 replaces each letter by its partner 13 characters further along the alphabet. For example, HELLO becomes URYYB (or, decrypting, URYYB becomes HELLO again).
ROT13 replaces each letter by its partner 13 characters further along the alphabet. For example, HELLO becomes URYYB (or, decrypting, URYYB becomes HELLO again).

ROT13 ("rotate by 13 places", sometimes hyphenated ROT-13) is a simple substitution cipher used in online forums as a means of hiding spoilers, punchlines, puzzle solutions, and offensive materials from the casual glance. ROT13 has been described as the "Usenet equivalent of a magazine printing the answer to a quiz upside down".[1] ROT13 is a variation of the Caesar cipher, developed in ancient Rome. In cryptography, a substitution cipher is a method of encryption by which units of plaintext are substituted with ciphertext according to a regular system; the units may be single letters (the most common), pairs of letters, triplets of letters, mixtures of the above, and so forth. ... An Internet forum, also known as a message board or discussion board, is a web application that provides for online discussions, and is the modern descendant of the bulletin board systems and existing Usenet news systems that were widespread in the 1980s and 1990s. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A punch line is the final part of a joke, usually the word, sentence or exchange of sentences which is intended to be funny and to provoke laughter from listeners. ... In cartoons, profanity is often depicted by substituting symbols for words, as a form of non-specific censorship. ... Usenet (USEr NETwork) is a global, decentralized, distributed Internet discussion system that evolved from a general purpose UUCP architecture of the same name. ... The action of a Caesar cipher is to replace each plaintext letter with one a fixed number of places down the alphabet. ...


ROT13 is its own inverse; that is, to undo ROT13, the same algorithm is applied, so the same action can be used for encoding and decoding. The algorithm provides no real cryptographic security and should never be used for such. It is often cited as a canonical example of weak encryption. ROT13 has inspired a variety of letter and word games on-line, and is frequently mentioned in newsgroup conversations. The German Lorenz cipher machine, used in World War II for encryption of very high-level general staff messages Cryptography (or cryptology; derived from Greek κρυπτός kryptós hidden, and the verb γράφω gráfo write or λεγειν legein to speak) is the study of message secrecy. ... A newsgroup is a repository usually within the Usenet system, for messages posted from many users at different locations. ...

Contents

Description

Applying ROT13 to a piece of text merely requires examining its alphabetic characters and replacing each one by the letter 13 places further along in the alphabet, wrapping back to the beginning if necessary.[2] A becomes N, B becomes O, and so on up to M, which becomes Z, then the sequence reverses: N becomes A, O becomes B, and so on to Z, which becomes M. Only those letters which occur in the English alphabet are affected; numbers, symbols, whitespace, and all other characters are left unchanged. Because there are 26 letters in the English alphabet and 26 = 2 × 13, the ROT13 function is its own inverse:[2] ABCs redirects here. ... The modern English alphabet consists of 26 letters[1] derived from the Latin alphabet: The exact shape of printed letters varies depending on the typeface. ... A function Æ’ and its inverse ƒ–1. ...

ROT13(ROT13(x)) = ROT26(x) = x for any text x.

In other words, two successive applications of ROT13 restore the original text (in mathematics, this is sometimes called an involution; in cryptography, a reciprocal cipher). For other meanings of mathematics or uses of math and maths, see Mathematics (disambiguation) and Math (disambiguation). ... In mathematics, an involution is a function that is its own inverse, so that f(f(x)) = x for all x in the domain of f. ... A reciprocal cipher means, just as one enters the cleartext into the cryptography system to get the ciphertext, one could enter the ciphertext into the same place in the system to get the cleartext. ...


The transformation can be done using a lookup table, such as the following: In computer science, a lookup table is a data structure, usually an array or associative array, used to replace a runtime computation with a simpler lookup operation. ...

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
NOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLMnopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklm

For example, in the following joke, the punchline has been obscured by ROT13:

 How can you tell an extrovert from an introvert at NSA? Va gur ryringbef, gur rkgebireg ybbxf ng gur BGURE thl'f fubrf.

Transforming the entire text via ROT13 form, the answer to the joke is revealed: For other uses of NSA, see NSA (disambiguation). ... 

 Ubj pna lbh gryy na rkgebireg sebz na vagebireg ng AFN? In the elevators, the extrovert looks at the OTHER guy's shoes.

A second application of ROT13 would restore the original.


Usage

ROT13 was in use in the net.jokes newsgroup by the early 1980s.[3] It is used to hide potentially offensive jokes, or to obscure an answer to a puzzle or other spoiler.[2][4] A shift of thirteen was chosen over other values, such as three as in the original Caesar cipher, because thirteen is the value which arranges that encoding and decoding are equivalent, thereby allowing the convenience of a single command for both.[4] ROT13 is typically supported as a built-in feature to newsreading software.[4] A newsgroup is a repository usually within the Usenet system, for messages posted from many users at different locations. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...


ROT13 is equivalent to an encryption algorithm known as a Caesar cipher, attributed to Julius Caesar in the 1st century BC.[5] ROT13 is not intended to be used where secrecy is of any concern—the use of a constant shift means that the encryption effectively has no key, and decryption requires no more knowledge than the fact that ROT13 is in use. Even without this knowledge, the algorithm is easily broken through frequency analysis.[2] Because of its utter unsuitability for real secrecy, ROT13 has become a catchphrase to refer to any conspicuously weak encryption scheme; a critic might claim that "56-bit DES is little better than ROT13 these days." Also, in a play on real terms like "double DES", the terms "double ROT13", "ROT26" or "2ROT13" crop up with humorous intent, including a spoof academic paper "On the 2ROT13 Encryption Algorithm".[6] As applying ROT13 to an already ROT13-encrypted text restores the original plaintext, ROT26 is equivalent to no encryption at all. By extension, triple-ROT13 (used in joking analogy with 3DES) is equivalent to regular ROT13. This article is about algorithms for encryption and decryption. ... For other uses, see Julius Caesar (disambiguation). ... This article is about the property of being confidential. For the magazine of the same name, see Confidential (magazine). ... A key is a piece of information that controls the operation of a cryptography algorithm. ... A typical distribution of letters in English language text. ... Encrypt redirects here. ... The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a cipher (a method for encrypting information) selected as an official Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) for the United States in 1976, and which has subsequently enjoyed widespread use internationally. ... This article is about cryptography. ...


In December 1999, it was found that Netscape Communicator used ROT-13 as part of an insecure scheme to store email passwords.[7] In 2001, Russian programmer Dimitry Sklyarov demonstrated that an eBook vendor, New Paradigm Research Group (NPRG), used ROT13 to encrypt their documents; it has been speculated that NPRG may have mistaken the ROT13 toy example—provided with the Adobe eBook software development kit—for a serious encryption scheme.[8] Windows XP uses ROT13 on some of its registry keys.[9] Netscape Communicator was a proprietary Internet suite produced by Netscape Communications Corporation. ... Adobe Systems (pronounced a-DOE-bee IPA: ) (NASDAQ: ADBE) (LSE: ABS) is an American computer software company headquartered in San Jose, California, USA. Adobe was founded in December 1982[1] by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell... A software development kit (SDK or devkit) is typically a set of development tools that allows a software engineer to create applications for a certain software package, software framework, hardware platform, computer system, video game console, operating system, or similar. ...


Letter games and net culture

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
NOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLM
aha ↔ nun ant ↔ nag
balk ↔ onyx bar ↔ one
barf ↔ ones be ↔ or
bin ↔ ova ebbs ↔ roof
envy ↔ rail er ↔ re
errs ↔ reef flap ↔ sync
fur ↔ she gel ↔ try
gnat ↔ tang irk ↔ vex
clerk ↔ pyrex purely ↔ cheryl
PNG ↔ cat SHA ↔ fun
furby ↔ sheol terra ↔ green
what ↔ Jung URL ↔ hey
purpura ↔ Chechen shone ↔ FUBAR

ROT13 provides an opportunity for letter games. Some words will, when transformed with ROT13, produce another word. The longest example in the English language is the pair of 7-letter words abjurer and nowhere; there is also the 7-letter pair chechen and purpura. Other examples of words like these are shown in the table.[10] A letter game involves the exchange of written letters, or e-mails, between two or more participants. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...


The 1989 International Obfuscated C Code Contest (IOCCC) included an entry by Brian Westley. Westley's computer program can be ROT13'd or reversed and still compiles correctly. Its operation, when executed, is either to perform ROT13 encoding on, or to reverse its input.[11] The International Obfuscated C Code Contest (abbr. ... A computer program is a collection of instructions that describe a task, or set of tasks, to be carried out by a computer. ... A diagram of the operation of a typical multi-language, multi-target compiler. ...


The newsgroup alt.folklore.urban coined a word—furrfu—that was the ROT13 encoding of the frequently encoded utterance "sheesh". "Furrfu" evolved in mid-1992 as a response to postings repeating urban myths on alt.folklore.urban, after some posters complained that "Sheesh!" as a response to newcomers was being overused.[12] Urban Legend is also the name of a 1998 movie. ... “Newcomer” redirects here. ...


Variants

ROT47 is a derivative of ROT13 which, in addition to scrambling the basic letters, also treats numbers and common symbols. Instead of using the sequence A–Z as the alphabet, ROT47 uses a larger set of characters from the common character encoding known as ASCII. Specifically, all 7-bit printable characters, excluding space, from decimal 33 '!' through 126 '~' are rotated by 47 positions, without special preserving of case. The use of a larger alphabet is intended to produce a more thorough obfuscation than that of ROT13, but because ROT47 introduces numbers and symbols into the mix without discrimination, it's much more obvious that the text has been enciphered. A character encoding consists of a code that pairs a sequence of characters from a given character set (sometimes referred to as code page) with something else, such as a sequence of natural numbers, octets or electrical pulses, in order to facilitate the storage of text in computers and the... Image:ASCII fullsvg There are 95 printable ASCII characters, numbered 32 to 126. ...


Example:
The Quick Brown Fox Jumps Over The Lazy Dog.
...enciphers to...
%96 "F:4< qC@H? u@I yF>AD ~G6C %96 {2KJ s@8]


The GNU C library, a set of standard routines available for use in computer programming, contains a function—memfrob()[13]—which has a similar purpose to ROT13, although it is intended for use with arbitrary binary data. The function operates by combining each byte with the binary pattern 00101010 (42) using the exclusive or (XOR) operation. This effects a simple XOR cipher. Like ROT13, memfrob() is self-reciprocal, and provides a similar level of security. Glibc is the GNU projects C standard library. ... Programming redirects here. ... In computer science, a subroutine (function, procedure, or subprogram) is a sequence of code which performs a specific task, as part of a larger program, and is grouped as one, or more, statement blocks; such code is sometimes collected into software libraries. ... For the computer industry magazine, see Byte (magazine). ... The binary or base-two numeral system is a system for representing numbers in which a radix of two is used; that is, each digit in a binary numeral may have either of two different values. ... Look up forty-two in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Exclusive disjunction (usual symbol xor) is a logical operator that results in true if one of the operands (not both) is true. ... In cryptography, a simple XOR cipher is a relatively simple encryption algorithm that operates according to the principles: A 0 = A, A A = 0, B A A = B 0 = B, where denotes the exclusive disjunction (XOR) operation. ...


See also

Close-up of the rotors in a Fialka cipher machine Cryptanalysis (from the Greek kryptós, hidden, and analýein, to loosen or to untie) is the study of methods for obtaining the meaning of encrypted information, without access to the secret information which is normally required to do so. ...

Notes and references

  1. ^ Horrocks, Bruce (June 28, 2003). UCSM Cabal Circular #207-a. Usenet group uk.comp.sys.mac. Retrieved on 2007-09-17.
  2. ^ a b c d Schneier, Bruce (1996). Applied Cryptography, Second, John Wiley & Sons, 11. ISBN 0-471-11709-9. 
  3. ^ Early uses of ROT13 found in the Google USENET archive date back to 8 October 1982, posted to the net.jokes newsgroup [1][2].
  4. ^ a b c Raymond, Eric S. (ed.) (2003-12-29). ROT13. The Jargon File, 4.4.7. Retrieved on 2007-09-19.
  5. ^ Kahn, David. The Codebreakers: The Story of Secret Writing. New York: Macmillan. ISBN 0-684-83130-9. 
  6. ^ On the 2ROT13 Encryption Algorithm (PDF). Prüfziffernberechnung in der Praxis (2004-09-25). Retrieved on 2007-09-20.
  7. ^ Hollebeek, Tim; Viega, John. Bad Cryptography in the Netscape Browser: A Case Study. Reliable Software Technologies. Retrieved on 2007-09-20.
  8. ^ Perens, Bruce (2001-09-01). Dimitry Sklyarov: Enemy or friend?. ZDNet News. Retrieved on 2007-09-20.
  9. ^ Ferri, Vic (2007-01-04). The Count Keys in the Windows Registry. ABC: All 'Bout Computers. Retrieved on 2007-09-20.
  10. ^ De Mulder, Tom. ROT13 Words. Furrfu!. Retrieved on 2007-09-19.
  11. ^ Westley, Brian (1989). westley.c. IOCCC. Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
  12. ^ Furrfu. Foldoc (1995-10-25). Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
  13. ^ 5.10 Trivial Encryption. The GNU C Library Reference Manual. Free Software Foundation (2006-12-03). Retrieved on 2007-09-20.

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External links

Classical cryptography
v • d • e
Ciphers: ADFGVX | Affine | Alberti | Atbash | Autokey | Bifid | Book | Caesar | Four-square | Great | Hill | Keyword | Nihilist | Permutation | Pigpen | Playfair | Polyalphabetic | Polybius | Rail Fence | Reihenschieber | Reservehandverfahren | ROT13 | Running key | Scytale | Smithy code | Solitaire | Straddling checkerboard | Substitution | Tap Code | Transposition | Trifid | Two-square | VIC cipher | Vigenère
Cryptanalysis: Frequency analysis | Index of coincidence | Kasiski examination
Misc: Cryptogram | Bacon | Scytale | Straddling checkerboard | Tabula recta
Cryptography
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History of cryptography | Cryptanalysis | Cryptography portal | Topics in cryptography
Symmetric-key algorithm | Block cipher | Stream cipher | Public-key cryptography | Cryptographic hash function | Message authentication code | Random numbers
JavaScript is a scripting language most often used for client-side web development. ... JavaScript is a scripting language most often used for client-side web development. ... The GNU logo For other uses of GPL, see GPL (disambiguation). ... SSH redirects here. ... In cryptography, the ADFGVX cipher was a field cipher used by the German Army during World War I. ADFGVX was in fact an extension of an earlier cipher called ADFGX. Invented by Colonel Fritz Nebel and introduced in March 1918, the cipher was a fractionating transposition cipher which combined a... The Affine cipher is a special case of the more general substitution cipher. ... The Alberti Cipher was the first ever Polyalphabetic Cipher. ... Atbash is a simple substitution cipher for the Hebrew alphabet. ... A tabula recta for use with an autokey cipher An autokey cipher is a cipher which incorporates the message (the plaintext) into the key. ... In classical cryptography, the bifid cipher is a cipher which combines the Polybius square with transposition, and uses fractionation to achieve diffusion. ... A book cipher is a cipher in which the key is the identity of a book. ... The action of a Caesar cipher is to replace each plaintext letter with one a fixed number of places down the alphabet. ... The Four-square cipher is a manual symmetric encryption technique. ... In the history of cryptography, the Great Cipher was a nomenclator cipher developed by the Rossignols, several generations of whom served the French Crown as cryptographers. ... Hills cipher machine, from figure 4 of the patent In classical cryptography, the Hill cipher is a polygraphic substitution cipher based on linear algebra. ... A keyword is a monoalphabetic substitution. ... -1... In classical cryptography, a permutation cipher is a transposition cipher in which the key is a permutation. ... The pigpen cipher uses graphical symbols assigned according to a key similar to the above diagram. ... The Playfair system was invented by Charles Wheatstone, who first described it in 1854. ... A polyalphabetic cipher is any cipher based on substitution, using multiple substitution alphabets. ... In cryptography, the Polybius square, also known as the Polybius checkerboard, is a device invented by the Ancient Greek historian and scholar Polybius, described in Hist. ... The Rail Fence Cipher is a form of transposition cipher that gets its name from the way in which it is encoded. ... The Reihenschieber was a hand cipher system used by Germany. ... Reservehandverfahren (RHV) (German: Reserve Hand Procedure) was a German Naval World War II hand-cipher system used as a backup method when no working Enigma machine was available[1]. The cipher had two stages: a transposition followed by bigram substitution. ... In classical cryptography, the runnning key cipher is a type of polyalphabetic substitution cipher in which a text, typically from a book, is used to provide a very long key stream. ... This article is about the encryption device; for the Dune character, see Scytale (Dune). ... This article refers to a cipher devised in 2006 by Mr Justice Peter Smith. ... The Solitaire cryptographic algorithm was designed by Bruce Schneier for use in Neal Stephensons Cryptonomicon (where it was initially called Pontifex). ... In cryptography, a straddling checkerboard is a device for converting an alphabetic plaintext into digits whilst simultaneously achieving fractionation (a simple form of information diffusion) and homophony (a simple method for suppressing peaks of the frequency distribution). ... In cryptography, a substitution cipher is a method of encryption by which units of plaintext are substituted with ciphertext according to a regular system; the units may be single letters (the most common), pairs of letters, triplets of letters, mixtures of the above, and so forth. ... The Tap Code is a code, commonly used by prisoners in jail to communicate with one another. ... In classical cryptography, a transposition cipher changes one character from the plaintext to another (to decrypt the reverse is done). ... In classical cryptography, the trifid cipher is a cipher invented around 1901 by Felix Delastelle, which extends the concept of the bifid cipher to a third dimension, allowing each symbol to be fractionated into 3 elements instead of two. ... The Two-square cipher is a manual symmetric encryption technique. ... The VIC cipher was a pencil and paper cipher used by the Soviet spy Reino Hayhanen, codenamed VICTOR. It was arguably the most complex hand-operated cipher ever seen. ... The Vigenère cipher is named for Blaise de Vigenère (pictured), although Giovan Batista Belaso had invented the cipher earlier. ... A typical distribution of letters in English language text. ... In cryptography, coincidence counting is the technique (invented by William F. Friedman) of putting two texts side-by-side and counting the number of times that a letter appears next to itself in both copies. ... In cryptanalysis, the Kasiski examination or Kasiski test is a method of attacking polyalphabetic substitution ciphers, such as Vigenere ciphers. ... For the plants which reproduce by using spores, see Cryptogam. ... Bacons cipher or the Baconian cipher is a method of steganography (a method of hiding a secret message as opposed to a true cipher) devised by Francis Bacon. ... This article is about the encryption device; for the Dune character, see Scytale (Dune). ... In cryptography, a straddling checkerboard is a device for converting an alphabetic plaintext into digits whilst simultaneously achieving fractionation (a simple form of information diffusion) and homophony (a simple method for suppressing peaks of the frequency distribution). ... Tabula recta In cryptography, the tabula recta is a square table of alphabets, each one made by shifting the previous one to the left. ... The German Lorenz cipher machine, used in World War II for encryption of very high-level general staff messages Cryptography (or cryptology; derived from Greek κρυπτός kryptós hidden, and the verb γράφω gráfo write or λεγειν legein to speak) is the study of message secrecy. ... The history of cryptography begins thousands of years ago. ... Close-up of the rotors in a Fialka cipher machine Cryptanalysis (from the Greek kryptós, hidden, and analýein, to loosen or to untie) is the study of methods for obtaining the meaning of encrypted information, without access to the secret information which is normally required to do so. ... This article is intended to be an analytic glossary, or alternatively, an organized collection of annotated pointers. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Encryption Decryption In cryptography, a block cipher is a symmetric key cipher which operates on fixed-length groups of bits, termed blocks, with an unvarying transformation. ... The operation of the keystream generator in A5/1, a LFSR-based stream cipher used to encrypt mobile phone conversations. ... A big random number is used to make a public-key/private-key pair. ... In cryptography, a cryptographic hash function is a hash function with certain additional security properties to make it suitable for use as a primitive in various information security applications, such as authentication and message integrity. ... A cryptographic message authentication code (MAC) is a short piece of information used to authenticate a message. ... A cryptographically secure pseudo-random number generator (CSPRNG) is a pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) with properties that make it suitable for use in cryptography. ...

  Results from FactBites:
 
ROT13 (465 words)
rot13 /rot ther'teen/ /n.,v./ [Usenet: from `rotate alphabet 13 places'] The simple Caesar-cypher encryption that replaces each English letter with the one 13 places forward or back along the alphabet, so that "The butler did it!" becomes "Gur ohgyre qvq vg!" Most Usenet news reading and posting programs include a rot13 feature.
The purpose of this page is to collect and display various ROT13 implementations, in as wide a variety of languages as possible.
If you have written ROT13 in one of these languages, or any other language not already listed (or if you have an interesting variant for an already existing language), please, feel free to email it to me at jkominek-rot13
Worlds Shortest C Implementation of Rot13 (385 words)
Rot13 is a simple "encryption" algorithm designed to make text illegible, but very easily "decrypted".
Rot13 simply adds 13 to the value of each character, and wraps around back to "A" when it gets to "Z".
A friend, J Greely, made a passing comment once that he had seen a very small C implementation of rot13, on the order of 120 characters, so I smugly replied that I could easily fit rot13 on one (standard terminal) line.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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