The second Mandala of the Rigveda has 43 hymns, mainly to Agni and Indra chiefly attributed to the Rishi gṛtsamada śaunohotra. It is one of the "family books" (mandalas 2-7), the oldest core of the Rigveda. The Rigveda (Sanskrit: , a tatpurusha compound of praise, verse and knowledge) is a collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns counted among the four Hindu religious texts known as the Vedas. ... Agni is a Hindu deity. ... This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ...

Witzel (1995) on the basis of internal evidence suggested that the second Mandala contains the oldest hymns of the Rigveda, but changed his opinion in 2001, dating it with the "mid-level" texts.^[1]. In circumvedic tradition, rishi Grtsamada of Mandala 2 is a descendant of Sunahotra Bharadvaja (of Mandala 6), which would suggests a younger age of Mandala 2 than that of Mandala 6, favoured by Talageri (2000) as the earliest.^[2] There is no generally accepted relative sequence among the family books in terms of age: Being books preserved by individual families preceding the final redaction of the Rigveda into shakhas, they are all accepted to date to the earliest Vedic period, but considered themselves to be the parallel product of several generations. Shakha (IAST ), literally branch or limb, is the Sanskrit term for a recension or version of Vedic texts according to a particular school. ...

List of incipits

The dedication as given by Griffith is in square brackets

 2.1 (192) [ Agni.] tvám agne dyúbhis tuvám āśuśukṣáṇis 2.2 (193) [Agni.] yajñéna ? vardhata jātávedasam 2.3 (194) [ Apris.] sámiddho agnír níhitaḥ pṛthivyâm 2.4 (195) [Agni.] huvé vaḥ sudiyótmānaṃ suvṛktíṃ 2.5 (196) [Agni.] hótājaniṣṭa cétanaḥ 2.6 (197) [Agni.] imâm me agne samídham 2.7 (198) [Agni.] śréṣṭhaṃ yaviṣṭha bhārata 2.8 (199) [Agni.] vājayánn iva nû ráthān 2.9 (200) [Agni.] ní hótā hotṛṣádane vídānas 2.10 (201) [Agni.] johûtro agníḥ prathamáḥ pitéva 2.11 (202) [ Indra.] śrudhî hávam indra mâ riṣaṇyaḥ 2.12 (203) [Indra.] yó jātá evá prathamó mánasvān 2.13 (204) [Indra.] ṛtúr jánitrī tásyā apás pári 2.14 (205) [Indra.] ádhvaryavo bháraténdrāya sómam 2.15 (206) [Indra.] prá ghā nú asya maható mahâni 2.16 (207) [Indra.] prá vaḥ satâṃ jyéṣṭhatamāya suṣṭutím 2.17 (208) [Indra.] tád asmai návyam aṅgirasvád arcata 2.18 (209) [Indra.] prātâ rátho ? návo yoji sásniś 2.19 (210) [Indra.] ápāyi asya ándhaso mádāya 2.20 (211) [ Asvins.] vayáṃ te váya indra viddhí ṣú ṇaḥ 2.21 (212) viśvajíte dhanajíte suvarjíte 2.22 (213) [Indra.] tríkadrukeṣu mahiṣó yávāśiraṃ 2.23 (214) [ Brahmanaspati.] gaṇânāṃ tvā gaṇápatiṃ havāmahe 2.24 (215) [Brahmanaspati.] sémâm aviḍḍhi prábhṛtiṃ yá îśiṣe 2.25 (216) [Brahmanaspati.] índhāno agníṃ vanavad vanuṣyatáḥ 2.26 (217) [Brahmanaspati.] ṛjúr íc cháṃso vanavad vanuṣyató 2.27 (218) [ Adityas.] imâ gíra ādityébhyo ghṛtásnūḥ 2.28 (219) [ Varuna.] idáṃ kavér ādityásya svarâjo 2.29 (220) [ Visvedevas.] dhŕtavratā âditiyā íṣirā 2.30 (221) [Indra and Others.] ṛtáṃ devâya kṛṇvaté savitrá 2.31 (222) [Visvedevas.] asmâkam mitrāvaruṇāvataṃ rátham 2.32 (223) [Various Deities.] asyá me dyāvāpṛthivī ṛtāyató 2.33 (224) [ Rudra.] â te pitar marutāṃ sumnám etu 2.34 (225) [ Maruts.] dhārāvarâ marúto dhṛṣṇúojaso 2.35 (226) [ Son of Waters.] úpem asṛkṣi vājayúr vacasyâṃ 2.36 (227) [Various Gods.] túbhyaṃ hinvānó vasiṣṭa gâ apó 2.37 (228) [Various Gods.] mándasva hotrâd ánu jóṣam ándhaso 2.38 (229) [ Savitar.] úd u ṣyá deváḥ savitâ savâya 2.39 (230) grâvāṇeva tád íd árthaṃ jarethe 2.40 (231) [ Soma and Pusan.] sómāpūṣaṇā jánanā rayīṇâṃ 2.41 (232) [Various Deities.] vâyo yé te sahasríṇo 2.42 (233) [ Kapinjala.] kánikradaj janúṣam prabruvāṇá 2.43 (234) [Kapinjala.] pradakṣiníd abhí gṛṇanti kārávo 

Agni is a Hindu deity. ... Apri () in Sanskrit means conciliation, propitiation and refers to special invocations spoken previous to the offering of oblations. ... This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... In Hinduism, the Asvins are the twin sons of Saranya with either Surya or Vivasvat. ... In Hinduism, Brihaspati is the god of magic and prayer. ... In Hinduism, the Adityas are a group of solar deities, sons of Aditi and Kasyapa. ... This article is about the god. ... Rudra is another name of Lord Shiva, the lord of destruction. ... In Hinduism In Hinduism, the Maruts, also known as the Marutgana and the Rudras, are minor storm deities, sons of Rudra and Diti, and attendants of Indra. ... Ap () is the Vedic Sanskrit term for water, in Classical Sanskrit occurring only in the plural, (sometimes re-analysed as a thematic singular, ), whence Hindi . ... In Hinduism, Savitri (also Savitr, Savitar) is a solar deity and one of the Adityas. ... Soma (Sanskrit), or Haoma (Avestan) (from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Sauma) was a ritual drink of importance among the early Indo-Iranians, and the later Vedic and Iranian cultures. ... Pūsan is also a Vedic Hindu god. ...

References

1. ^ Michael Witzel, Rgvedic history: poets, chieftains and politics, in: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity. The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia, ed. G. Erdosy, Berlin/New York (de Gruyter) 1995, 307-352; Witzel, "Westward Ho"
2. ^ Talageri, Shrikant. (2000) The Rigveda: A Historical Analysis