RACE, 5' RACE or Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends, is a molecular biology technique used to amplify the 5' ends of cDNA by a special PCR reaction. In particular, it is used to clone 5' UTR fragments of specific cDNA, which are usually missed by regular cloning techniques. In order to conduct a RACE amplification, the sequence of a part of the cDNA of interest has to be known. Molecular biology is the study of biology at a molecular level. ... In molecular biology, the 5 end and the 3 end (pronounced 5-prime and 3-prime) are respectively the leading and tail ends of a strand of nucleic acid. ... In genetics, complementary DNA (cDNA) is single-stranded DNA synthesized from a mature mRNA template. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... In eukaryotic genetics, the 5 UTR (read as 5 prime UnTranslated Region) is a particular section of messenger RNA (mRNA). ... Cloning is the process of creating an identical copy of an original organism or thing. ...
RACE-PCR requires a first round of cDNA extension by the enzyme terminal transferase, which adds a homopolymeric tail to the 5' end of all template cDNAs. A PCR reaction is then carried out, which uses a gene specific primer (GSP) that binds to the known sequence and a general universal primer (UPM) that binds the 5' unknown sequence. Both 5' and 3' RACE can be performed, although it is generally easier to perform 3' RACE due to the known region (mRNA poly A tail) Ribbon diagram of the enzyme TIM, surrounded by the space-filling model of the protein. ...
Source: "Rapid amplification of 5' cDNA ends," in Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (eds. Sambrook, J. & Russell, D.W.) Chapter 8 Protocol 9, 8.54−8.60 (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA, 2001)
This Molecular and Cellular Biology related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Conceptions of race, as well as specific racial groupings, vary by culture and over time and are often controversial, for scientific reasons as well as their impact on social identity and identity politics.
In the face of these issues, some evolutionary scientists have simply abandoned the concept of race in favor of "population." What distinguishes population from previous groupings of humans by race is that it refers to a breeding population (essential to genetic calculations) and not to a biological taxon.
Race "connotes geographic ancestry, by continent or large continental subregion" and "is used to denote continental or subcontinental clades".
Race is discussed as a predictor of genotype for a 250-base pair deletion that changes the expression of angiotensin-converting enzymes.
Race is not clearly definable in biological terms because it is mostly a social construct; therefore, race cannot be consistently classified because there are not universal standards for measuring race.
Race is a weak proxy for the genetic and environmental factors that influence disease.
Feeds |
Contact