? Radiata
Chrysaora jellyfish
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Subkingdom: Eumetazoa (unranked) Radiata Linnaeus, 1758
Phyla
Cnidaria Ctenophora

The Radiata are the radially symmetric animals of the Eumetazoa subregnum. The term Radiata has had various meanings in the history of classification. It has been applied to the echinoderms, although the echinoderms are members of the Bilateria, because they exhibit bilateral symmetry in their devolping stages. The radiata are also considered diploblastic, meaning they have 2 primary germ layers: endoderm and ectoderm. Thomas Cavalier-Smith in 1983 defined a subkingdom called Radiata consisting of sponges, coelenterates and placozoans, that is, all the animals that are not in Bilateria. Cavalier-Smith's classification put the phyla Porifera, Myxozoa, Placozoa, Cnidaria and Ctenophora in Radiata. The Five Kingdom classification of Lynn Margulis and K. V. Schwartz keeps only Cnidaria and Ctenophora in Radiata. Cladistic classifications do not recognize Radiata as a clade. Image File history File links Chrysaora_jelly. ... Orders Stauromedusae Coronatae Semaeostomeae Rhizostomae Jellyfish are marine invertebrates belonging to the Scyphozoan class, and in turn the phylum Cnidaria. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms (as opposed to folk taxonomy). ... Phyla Subregnum Parazoa Porifera (sponges) Subregnum Agnotozoa Placozoa (trichoplax) Orthonectida (orthonectids) Rhombozoa (dicyemids) Subregnum Eumetazoa Radiata (unranked) (radial symmetry) Ctenophora (comb jellies) Cnidaria (coral, jellyfish, anemones) Bilateria (unranked) (bilateral symmetry) Acoelomorpha (basal) Orthonectida (parasitic to flatworms, echinoderms, etc. ... Phyla Subkingdom Parazoa Porifera (sponges) Subkingdom Agnotozoa Placozoa Orthonectida Rhombozoa Subkingdom Metazoa Radiata Cnidaria Ctenophora - Comb jellies Bilateria Protostomia Acoelomorpha Platyhelminthes - Flatworms Nemertina - Ribbon worms Gastrotricha Gnathostomulida - Jawed worms Micrognathozoa Rotifera - Rotifers Acanthocephala Priapulida Kinorhyncha Loricifera Entoprocta Nematoda - Roundworms Nematomorpha - Horsehair worms Cycliophora Mollusca - Mollusks Sipuncula - Peanut worms Annelida - Segmented... Carolus Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as , (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[1] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ... Phylum (plural: phyla) is a taxon used in the classification of animals, adopted from the Greek phylai the clan-based voting groups in Greek city-states. ... Classes Anthozoa- Corals and sea anemones Cubozoa- Sea wasps or box jellyfish Hydrozoa- Hydroids, hydra-like animals Scyphozoa- Jellyfish Cnidaria (silent c - pronounced // from New Latin cnida, fr. ... Classes Tentaculata Nuda Ctenophores are jellyfish-like animals commonly called comb jellies, sea gooseberries, sea walnuts, or Venus girdles. ... Phyla Subkingdom Parazoa Porifera (sponges) Subkingdom Agnotozoa Placozoa Orthonectida Rhombozoa Subkingdom Metazoa Radiata Cnidaria Ctenophora - Comb jellies Bilateria Protostomia Acoelomorpha Platyhelminthes - Flatworms Nemertina - Ribbon worms Gastrotricha Gnathostomulida - Jawed worms Micrognathozoa Rotifera - Rotifers Acanthocephala Priapulida Kinorhyncha Loricifera Entoprocta Nematoda - Roundworms Nematomorpha - Horsehair worms Cycliophora Mollusca - Mollusks Sipuncula - Peanut worms Annelida - Segmented... Classes Asteroidea Blastoidea (extinct) Concentricycloidea Crinoidea Echinoidea Holothuroidea Ophiuroidea The echinoderms (Echinodermata) are a phylum of marine animals found in the ocean at all depths. ... Illustration of the different types of symmetry of Life Forms On Earth. ... Diploblastic is a condition of the ovum in which there are two primary germinal layers: the ectoderm and endoderm. ... Thomas Cavalier-Smith is a professor of evolutionary biology at the University of Oxford, and is winner of the International Prize for Biology 2004 and one of the most notable researchers concerning the relationships, development, and classification of living things. ... Classes Calcarea Hexactinellida Demospongiae The sponges or poriferans (from Latin porus pore and ferre to bear) are animals of the phylum Porifera. ... Binomial name Trichoplax adhaerens F.E. von Schultze, 1883 Trichoplax adhaerens is a simple balloon-like marine animal with a body cavity filled with pressurized fluid. ... Illustration of the different types of symmetry of Life Forms On Earth. ... Phylum (plural: phyla) is a taxon used in the classification of life, adopted from the Greek phylai the clan-based voting groups in Greek city-states. ... Classes Calcarea Hexactinellida Demospongiae The sponges or poriferans (from Latin porus pore and ferre to bear) are animals of the phylum Porifera. ... Classes Malacosporea Myxosporea The Myxozoa are a group of microscopic, parasitic animals. ... Binomial name Trichoplax adhaerens F.E. von Schultze, 1883 Trichoplax adhaerens is a simple balloon-like marine animal with a body cavity filled with pressurized fluid. ... Classes Anthozoa- Corals and sea anemones Cubozoa- Sea wasps or box jellyfish Hydrozoa- Hydroids, hydra-like animals Scyphozoa- Jellyfish Cnidaria (silent c - pronounced // from New Latin cnida, fr. ... Classes Tentaculata Nuda Ctenophores are jellyfish-like animals commonly called comb jellies, sea gooseberries, sea walnuts, or Venus girdles. ... Lynn Margulis. ... A clade is group of organisms which share a common ancestor and which includes all decendents of that ancestor. ...

Although radial symmetry is usually given as a defining characteristic of radiates, the free-swimming planula larvae of cnidarians exhibit bilateral symmetry, as do some adult cnidarians. Ctenophores show biradial symmetry. A planula is the free-swimming, flattened, ciliated, bilaterally symmetrical larva of a hydrozoan cnidarian. ...

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
• Zoological Philosophy of J. B. Lamarck
• Taxon: Subkingdom Radiata
• The development of radial and biradial symmetry: The evolution of bilaterality - retrieved February 2, 2006
• Origins of Bilateral Symmetry: Hox and Dpp Expression in a Sea Anemone - retrieved February 2, 2006