NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Radicals (UK)

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The Whigs (with the Tories) are often described as one of two political parties in England and later the United Kingdom from the late 17th to the mid 19th centuries. ... This article is about the historic Liberal Party. ...

Background

The Radical movement arose in the late 18th century to support parliamentary reform with additional aims including Catholic emancipation and free trade. Working class and middle class "Popular radicals" agitated to demand the right to vote and assert other rights including freedom of the press and relief from economic distress, while middle class "Philosophic radicals" strongly supported parliamentary reform, but were generally hostile to the arguments and tactics of the "popular radicals". The term Radical (latin radix meaning root) has been used since the late 18th century as a label in political science for those favoring or trying to produce thoroughgoing political reforms which can include changes to the social order to a greater or lesser extent. ...

Parliamentary radicals

The Whig Reform Act 1832 enfranchised the middle classes, but failed to meet radical demands, particularly for universal male suffrage. The mainly aristocratic Whigs in the House of Commons were then joined by a small number of parliamentary Radicals who continued to demand the vote for working class males, as well as an increased number of middle class Whigs. The popular demand for wider suffrage was then taken up by the working class Chartists. By 1839 the Whigs and Radicals in parliament were informally being called “the Liberal party.” The Representation of the People Act 1832, commonly known as the Reform Act 1832, was an Act of Parliament that introduced wide-ranging changes to the electoral system of the United Kingdom. ... The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ... A movement for social and political reform in the United Kingdom during the mid_19th century, Chartism gains its name from the Peoples Charter of 1838, which set out the main aims of the movement. ... 1839 (MDCCCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... This article is about the historic Liberal Party. ...

The middle class Anti-Corn Law League founded in 1839, led by Richard Cobden and John Bright, opposed duties on imported grain which raised the price of food to help landowners but harmed manufacturers. They sought working class support and attacked "feudalism", but disagreed with the leadership and tactics of the Chartists. After the failure of Chartist mass demonstrations and petitions in 1848 to sway parliament, widening suffrage was left to the Anti-Corn Law Leaguers and to the parliamentary radicals. The Corn Laws, in force between 1815 and 1846, were import tariffs ostensibly designed to protect British farmers and landowners, against competition from cheap foreign grain imports. ... Richard Cobden Richard Cobden (June 3, 1804 â€“ April 2, 1865) was an a British manufacturer and Radical and Liberal statesman, associated with John Bright in the formation of the Anti-Corn Law League. ... John Bright John Bright (November 16, 1811â€“March 27, 1889), was a British Radical and Liberal statesman, associated with Richard Cobden in the formation of the Anti-Corn Law League. ... Year 1848 (MDCCCXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Formation of the Liberal Party

The parliamentary radicals were distinctly middle class; their radicalism consisted in opposition to the political dominance and economic interests of the traditional British elites, rather than to any affinity to socialism. Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to social control. ...

The Radicals joined with the Whigs and the anti-protectionist Tory Peelites to form the Liberal Party by 1859. This article is about the British Whig party. ... The term Tory (from Irish Gaelic tÃ³raighe, an outlaw or guerrilla fighter, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms â€” literally meaning pursued man) applied to the Tory Party, the ancestor of the modern UK Conservative Party. ... The Peelites (or Liberal Conservatives as they were also occasionally known) are those MPs and Peers who remained loyal to British Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel following the break up of the British Conservative Party on the issue of abolishing the Corn Laws in 1846. ... This article is about the historic Liberal Party. ... 1859 (MDCCCLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ...

Parliamentary reform

Demand for parliamentary reform increased by 1864 with agitation from John Bright and the Reform League. The Liberal William Ewart Gladstone introduced a modest bill which was defeated by both Tories and reform Liberals, forcing the government to resign. Benjamin Disraeli took office, and the new minority Tory government introduced the Reform Act of 1867 which almost doubled the electorate, giving the vote even to working men. 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... John Bright John Bright (November 16, 1811â€“March 27, 1889), was a British Radical and Liberal statesman, associated with Richard Cobden in the formation of the Anti-Corn Law League. ... William Ewart Gladstone (29 December 1809 â€“ 19 May 1898) was a British Liberal Party statesman and Prime Minister (1868â€“1874, 1880â€“1885, 1886 and 1892â€“1894). ... Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield (December 21, 1804 - April 24, British Conservative Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and author. ... The term Tory (from Irish Gaelic tÃ³raighe, an outlaw or guerrilla fighter, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms â€” literally meaning pursued man) applied to the Tory Party, the ancestor of the modern UK Conservative Party. ... The Reform Act 1867 (also known as the Second Reform Act) was a piece of British legislation that greatly increased the number of men who could vote in elections in the UK. In its final form, the Reform Act 1867 enfranchised all male householders and abolished compounding (the practice of...

In fiction

In the steampunk novel The Difference Engine by William Gibson and Bruce Sterling, the "Industrial Radicals" led by Lord Byron have organised the British Empire as a meritocratic industrial society organised by steam driven computers developed from Babbage's difference engine and analytical engine. A rocket lands on the moon in Le Voyage dans la Lune, the film adaptation of Jules Vernes From the Earth to the Moon. ... The Difference Engine is an alternate history novel by William Gibson and Bruce Sterling. ... William Ford Gibson (born March 17, 1948, Conway, South Carolina) is an American-born science fiction author resident in Canada since 1968. ... Bruce Sterling at the Ars Electronica Festival Michael Bruce Sterling (born April 14, 1954) is an American science fiction author, best known for his novels and his seminal work on the Mirrorshades anthology, which defined the cyberpunk genre. ... Lord Byron, Anglo-Scottish poet George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron (January 22, 1788â€“April 19, 1824) was an Anglo-Scottish poet and a leading figure in Romanticism. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... // The term steam engine may also refer to an entire railroad steam locomotive. ... Charles Babbage (26 December 1791 â€“ 18 October 1871) was an English mathematician, philosopher, mechanical engineer and (proto-) computer scientist who originated the idea of a programmable computer. ... Part of Babbages Difference engine, assembled after his death by Babbages son, using parts found in his laboratory. ... The analytical engine, an important step in the history of computers, is the design of a mechanical modern general-purpose computer by the British professor of mathematics Charles Babbage. ...

Contents

Background

Parliamentary radicals

Formation of the Liberal Party

Parliamentary reform

In fiction

See also

Contents

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Parliamentary radicals

Formation of the Liberal Party

Parliamentary reform

In fiction

See also

Background