Radio resource management (RRM) is the system level control of radio transmission characteristics in wireless communication systems, for example cellular networks, wireless networks and broadcasting systems. RRM involves strategies and algorithms for controlling parameters such as transmit power, channel allocation, handover criteria, modulation scheme, error coding scheme, etc. The aim is to utilize limited radio spectrum resources and radio network infrastructure as efficiently as possible. Wireless is an old-fashioned term for a radio receiver, referring to its use as a wireless telegraph. ... A cellular network is a radio network made up of a number of radio cells (or just cells) each served by a fixed transmitter, normally known as a cell site or base station. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or video signals (programs) to a number of recipients (listeners or viewers) that belong to a large group. ...

RRM concerns multi-user and multi-cell network capacity issues, rather than point-to-point channel capacity. Traditional telecommunications research and education often dwell upon channel coding and source coding with a single user in mind, albeit it may not be possible to achieve the maximum channel capacity when several users and adjacent base stations may share the same frequency channel. Efficient dynamic RRM schemes may increase the system capacity in an order of magnitude, which often is considerably more than what is possible by introducing advanced channel coding and source coding schemes. RRM is especially important in systems limited by co-channel interference rather than by noise, for example cellular systems and broadcast networks homogenosly covering large areas, and wireless networks consisting of many adjacent access points that may reuse the same channel frequencies. Channel capacity, is the amount of discrete information that can be reliably transmitted over a channel. ... In digital telecommunications, channel coding is a pre-transmission mapping applied to a digital signal or data file, usually designed to make error-correction possible. ... In computer science, data compression or source coding is the process of encoding information using fewer bits, or information units, thanks to specific encoding schemes. ... An order of magnitude is the class of scale or magnitude of any amount, where each class contains values of a fixed ratio to the class preceding it. ... A broadcast network is an organization, such as a corporation or other association, that provides live or recorded content, such as movies, newscasts, sports, and public affairs programs for broadcast over a television station. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... A wireless access point (WAP or AP) is a device that connects wireless communication devices together to create a wireless network. ...

The cost for deploying a wireless network is normally dominated by base station sites (real estate costs, planning, maintenance, distribution network, energy, etc) and sometimes also by frequency license fees. The objective of radio resource management is therefor typically to maximize the system spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/base station site or Erlang/MHz/site, under constraint that the grade of service should be above a certain level. The latter involves covering a certain area and avoiding outage due to co-channel interference, noise, attenuation caused by long distances, fading caused by shadowing and multipath, doppler shift and other forms of distortion. The grade of service is also affected by blocking due to admission control, scheduling starvation or inability to guarantee quality of service that is requested by the users. // Introduction In telecommunication, the quality of voice service is specified by two measures: The GOS (grade of service) and the QoS (quality of service). ... Co-channel interference is interference from 2 different radio stations on the same frequency. ... In common use the word noise means unwanted sound or noise pollution. ... Fading (or fading channels) are mathematical models for the distortion that a carrier-modulated telecommunication signal experiences over certain propagation media. ... PRIMERGY MultiPath PRIMERGY MultiPath supports redundant Fiber Channel paths, the configured connections between server and subsystem that are such an important component of disaster-tolerant servers and clusters. ... The Doppler effect is the apparent change in frequency or wavelength of a wave that is perceived by an observer moving relative to the source of the waves. ... A distortion is the alteration of the original shape (or other characteristic) of an object, image, sound, waveform or other form of information or representation. ... Admission control, in the most primitive sense, is the simple practice of discriminating which traffic is admitted into a network in the first place [1]. Admission control can be thought of as controlling what type of traffic is allowed to enter or transit a network [2]. Admission control schemes therefore... In the fields of packet-switched networks and computer networking, the traffic engineering term Quality of Service (QoS) refers to control mechanisms that can provide different priority or different level of performance to different users or data flows in accordance with requests from the application programmes. ...

Static radio resource management

Static RRM involves manual as well as computer aided fixed cell planning or radio network planning. Examples:

• Frequency allocation band plans decided by standardization bodies, by national frequency authorities and in frequency resource auctions.
• Deployment of base station sites (or broadcasting transmitter site)
• Antenna heights
• Fixed channel allocation (FCA)
• Sector antenna directions
• Selection of modulation and channel coding parameters
• Base station antenna space diversity, for example
  • Receiver micro diversity using antenna combining
  • Transmitter macro diversity such as OFDM single frequency networks (SFN)

Static RRM schemes are used in many traditional wireless systems, for example 1G and 2G cellular systems. Examples of static RRM schemes are: The electromagnetic spectrum is an aspect of the physical world, like land, water, and air. ... A bandplan or band plan is a plan for utilizing a particular band of radio frequencies, that are a portion of the Electromagnetic spectrum . ... ... Modulation is the process of varying a carrier signal, typically a sinusoidal signal, in order to use that signal to convey information. ... In digital telecommunications, channel coding is a pre-transmission mapping applied to a digital signal or data file, usually designed to make error-correction possible. ... In telecommunications, a diversity scheme refers to a method for improving the reliability of a message signal by utilizing two or more communication channels with different characteristics. ... Single frequency networks (SFNs) are a form of broadcasting network, usually digital, in which all the national radio stations are broadcast on a single frequency. ... 1G (or 1-G) is short for first-generation wireless telephone technology, cellphones. ... 2G (or 2-G) is short for second-generation wireless telephone technology. ...

• Circuit mode communication using FDMA and TDMA.
• Fixed channel allocation (FCA)
• Static handover criteria

FDMA, or frequency-division multiple access, is the oldest and most important of the three main ways for multiple radio transmitters to share the radio spectrum. ... Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) is a technology for shared medium (usually radio) networks. ... ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

Dynamic radio resource management

Dynamic RRM schemes adaptively adjust the radio network parameters to the traffic load, user positions, quality of service requirements, etc. Dynamic RRM schemes are considered in the design of wireless systems, in view to minimize expensive manual cell planning and achieve "tighter" frequency reuse patterns, resulting in improved system spectral efficiency.

Some schemes are centralized, where several base stations and access points are controlled by a Radio Network Controller (RNC). Others are distributed, either autonomous algorithms in mobile stations, base stations or wireless access points, or coordinated by exchanging information among these stations. The Radio Network Controller (or RNC) is the governing element in the UMTS radio access network (UTRAN) responsible for control of the Node-Bs, that is to say the base stations which are connected to the controller. ... The Mobile Station(MS) comprises all user equipment and software needed for communication with a GSM network. ... Two GSM mobile phone base stations disguised as trees in Dublin, Ireland. ... A wireless access point (WAP or AP) is a device that connects wireless communication devices together to create a wireless network. ...

Examples of dynamic RRM schemes are:

• Power control algorithms
• Link adaptation algorithms
• Dynamic Channel Allocation (DCA) or Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) algorithms
• Traffic adaptive handover criteria, allowing cell breathing
• Re-use partitioning
• Dynamic bandwidth allocation using resource reservation multiple access schemes or statistical multiplexing, for example Spread spectrum and/or packet radio
• Adaptive filtering, Single antenna interference cancellation (SAIC)
• Dynamic diversity schemes, for example
  • Soft handover
  • Dynamic Single Frequency Networks (DSFN)
  • Phased array antenna with
    • beamforming
    • Multiple-input multiple-output communications (MIMO)
    • Space-time coding
• Admission control
• Mobile ad-hoc networks using multihop communication

(Electric) Power Control deals with routing electric power, controlling its quality, and controlling the devices attached to a power line. ... Link adaptation is a term used in wireless communications to denote the matching of the modulation, coding and other signal and protocol parameters to the conditions on the radio link (e. ... In cellular radio systems and wireless networks based on FDMA, perhaps in combination with TDMA, channel allocation schemes are required to allocate frequency channels to base stations and access points, and to avoid co-channel interference among nearby Cell site. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) is a technique by which traffic bandwidth in a shared telecommunications medium can be allocated on demand and fairly between different users of that bandwidth. ... In telecommunication, the term multiple access has the following meanings: The connection of a user to two or more switching centers by separate access lines using a single message routing indicator or telephone number. ... Statistical multiplexing is similar to time-division multiplexing (TDM), except that, rather than arbitrarily assigning a time slot to each signal, each signal is assigned a slot according to priority and need. ... Spread-spectrum telecommunications is a technique in which a signal is transmitted in a bandwidth considerably greater than the frequency content of the original information. ... Packet radio is a form of digital data transmission used in amateur radio to construct wireless computer networks. ... An adaptive filter is a digital filter that performs digital signal processing and can adapt its performance based on the input signal. ... In telecommunications, a diversity scheme refers to a method for improving the reliability of a message signal by utilizing two or more communication channels with different characteristics. ... Soft handover has been introduced in the CDMA digital cellular standard. ... Beamforming is a signal processing technique used to make a collection of fixed simple antennas act like a single, highly focused, movable antenna. ... Multiple-input multiple-output, or MIMO (pronounced MY-moh), is an abstract mathematical model for some communications systems. ... Admission control, in the most primitive sense, is the simple practice of discriminating which traffic is admitted into a network in the first place [1]. Admission control can be thought of as controlling what type of traffic is allowed to enter or transit a network [2]. Admission control schemes therefore... A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a kind of wireless ad-hoc network, and is a self-configuring network of mobile routers (and associated hosts) connected by wireless links—the union of which form an arbitrary topology. ...

See also

• Mobility management
• Multiple access methods
• Radio Network Controller (RNC)
• IEEE 802.11h - Transmit power control and dynamic frequency selection (DFS) for wireless local area networks
• IEEE 802.11k - RRM for wireless local area networks
• Cellular networks
• Spectral efficiency