Radiohead
Radiohead (left to right): Thom Yorke, Jonny Greenwood, Colin Greenwood, Ed O'Brien and Phil Selway
Background information
Origin	Abingdon, Oxfordshire, England
Genre(s)	Alternative rock Art rock Electronic music
Years active	1991 – present
Label(s)	XL, TBD (2007-present) Parlophone, Capitol (1992–2005)
Website	www.radiohead.com
Members
Colin Greenwood Jonny Greenwood Ed O'Brien Phil Selway Thom Yorke

Radiohead are an English alternative rock band from Oxfordshire. The band is composed of Thom Yorke (lead vocals, rhythm guitar, piano, electronics), Jonny Greenwood (lead guitar, other instruments), Ed O'Brien (guitar, backing vocals), Colin Greenwood (bass guitar, synthesisers) and Phil Selway (drums, percussion). Radiohead have released seven albums and have sold over 23 million records throughout their career.^[1] HttT era File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Thomas Edward Yorke (born 7 October 1968 in Wellingborough, Northamptonshire, England) is a Grammy-nominated English musician, best known as the lead singer of the band Radiohead. ... Jonathan Jonny Richard Guy Greenwood (born November 5, 1971 in Oxford, England) is a musician and a member of Radiohead. ... Colin Charles Greenwood (born 26 June 1969 in Oxford, Oxfordshire, England), also known as Coz, is a member of English rock band Radiohead. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ... , Abingdon (traditionally known as Abingdon-on-Thames) is a market town in Oxfordshire in Southern England. ... Oxfordshire (abbreviated Oxon, from the Latinised form Oxonia) is a county in the South East of England, bordering on Northamptonshire, Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, Wiltshire, Gloucestershire, and Warwickshire. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Alternative music redirects here. ... Art rock is a term used to describe a subgenre of rock music with experimental or avant-garde influences that emphasizes novel sonic texture. ... For other uses, see Electronic music (disambiguation). ... In the music industry, a record label can be a brand and a trademark associated with the marketing of music recordings and music videos. ... XL Recordings is an independent record label which was launched by Nick Halkes (joined in 1992 by Richard Russell) with Beggars Banquet Records in 1989 to release its rave and dance music. ... TBD Records (previously Side One Recordings) is an American record label co-founded by Coran Capshaw, Ron Lafitte and Phil Costello. ... Parlophone is a record label, founded in Germany in 1896 by the Carl Lindström Company. ... Capitol Records is a major United States-based record label owned by EMI and located in Hollywood, California. ... Colin Charles Greenwood (born 26 June 1969 in Oxford, Oxfordshire, England), also known as Coz, is a member of English rock band Radiohead. ... Jonathan Jonny Richard Guy Greenwood (born November 5, 1971 in Oxford, England) is a musician and a member of Radiohead. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ... Thomas Edward Yorke (born 7 October 1968 in Wellingborough, Northamptonshire, England) is a Grammy-nominated English musician, best known as the lead singer of the band Radiohead. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Alternative music redirects here. ... Oxfordshire (abbreviated Oxon, from the Latinised form Oxonia) is a county in the South East of England, bordering on Northamptonshire, Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, Wiltshire, Gloucestershire, and Warwickshire. ... Thomas Edward Yorke (born 7 October 1968 in Wellingborough, Northamptonshire, England) is a Grammy-nominated English musician, best known as the lead singer of the band Radiohead. ... Jonathan Jonny Richard Guy Greenwood (born November 5, 1971 in Oxford, England) is a musician and a member of Radiohead. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Colin Charles Greenwood (born 26 June 1969 in Oxford, Oxfordshire, England), also known as Coz, is a member of English rock band Radiohead. ... This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ...

Radiohead released their first single, "Creep", in 1992, and their debut album, Pablo Honey, in 1993. Though initially unsuccessful, "Creep" was a worldwide hit when reissued a year later. Radiohead's popularity in the United Kingdom increased with the release of their second album, The Bends (1995). The band's textured guitar atmospheres and Yorke's falsetto singing were warmly received by critics and fans. With the release of OK Computer (1997), Radiohead were propelled to greater fame worldwide. Featuring an expansive sound and themes of alienation from the modern world, OK Computer has often been acclaimed as a landmark record of the 1990s. A collection of various CD singles In music, a single is a short recording of one or more separate tracks. ... Creep is the first single (not counting the Drill EP) released by the English rock band Radiohead, and a track on their 1993 debut album Pablo Honey. ... Pablo Honey is the first studio album by English rock band Radiohead, first released in early 1993. ... This article is about the album by Radiohead. ... For other uses, see Guitar (disambiguation). ... Falsetto (Italian diminutive of falso, false) is a singing technique that produces sounds that are pitched higher than the singers normal range, in the treble range. ... OK Computer is the third album by the English rock band Radiohead, released in 1997. ...

The release of Kid A (2000) and Amnesiac (2001) saw Radiohead reach their peak popularity, although the albums divided critical opinion. This period marked a change in Radiohead's musical style, with their incorporation of avant-garde electronic music, Krautrock and jazz influences. Hail to the Thief (2003), Radiohead's sixth album, blended styles from throughout the band's career, mixing guitar-driven rock, electronic influences and contemporary lyrics. Radiohead subsequently left their record label, EMI, and released their seventh album, In Rainbows (2007), through their own website as a digital download for which customers selected their own price. This article is about the Radiohead album. ... Amnesiac is the fifth studio album by the English band Radiohead. ... For other uses, see Electronic music (disambiguation). ... Krautrock, also known as Kosmische Musik, is a generic name for the experimental music scene that appeared in Germany in the late 1960s and gained popularity throughout the 1970s. ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... Hail to the Thief (subtitled The Gloaming) is the sixth studio album by English rock band Radiohead, released on 9 June 2003 in the United Kingdom and June 10, 2003 in the United States. ... In the music industry, a record label can be a brand and a trademark associated with the marketing of music recordings and music videos. ... For other uses, see EMI (disambiguation). ... In Rainbows is the seventh album by the English alternative rock band Radiohead. ... // A digital download (also known as a digital single or a paid digital download) is an official and legal music single available for purchase through an online store. ...

History

Formation and first years (1986–1991)

Abingdon School, where the band formed.

The musicians who formed Radiohead met while attending Abingdon School, a boys-only public school in Abingdon, Oxfordshire.^[2] Yorke and Colin Greenwood were in the same year, O'Brien and Selway were one year older and Jonny Greenwood two years younger. In 1986, they formed the band "On a Friday", the name referring to the band's usual rehearsal day in the school's music room.^[3] The group played their first gig in late 1986 at Oxford's Jericho Tavern;^[4] Jonny Greenwood originally joined as a keyboard player but soon became the lead guitarist.^[3] Image File history File links Abingdonschool. ... Image File history File links Abingdonschool. ... Abingdon School is an independent day and boarding school for boys in Abingdon, Oxfordshire. ... An independent school in the United Kingdom is a school relying, for all of its funding, upon private sources, so almost invariably charging school fees. ... , Abingdon (traditionally known as Abingdon-on-Thames) is a market town in Oxfordshire in Southern England. ... The Jericho Tavern, a pub in Oxford, was a main point in the late 80s/early 90s music scene which spawned Radiohead. ... Lead guitar refers to a role within a band, that provides melody or melodic material, as opposed to the rhythm of the rhythm guitar, bass, and drums. ...

Although Yorke, O'Brien, Selway, and Colin Greenwood had left Abingdon by 1987 to attend university, the band continued to rehearse often on weekends and holidays.^[5] In 1991, when all the members except Jonny had completed their university degrees, On a Friday regrouped, began to record demos such as the Manic Hedgehog demo tape, and performed live gigs around Oxford. Although Oxfordshire and the Thames Valley had an active indie scene in the late 1980s, it centred around shoegazing bands such as Ride and Slowdive; On a Friday were never seen as fitting in this trend, commenting that they had missed it by the time they returned from university.^[6] The Manic Hedgehog demo tape is the title of Radioheads second demo tape, released in October 1991 on audio cassette. ... The Thames Valley is generally the region that drains into the River Thames, England, but is used in a more specific term by the government. ... In popular music, indie music (from independent) is any of a number of genres, scenes, subcultures and stylistic and cultural attributes, characterised by perceived independence from commercial pop music and mainstream culture and an autonomous, do-it-yourself (DIY) approach. ... Shoegazing was a generalized tag given to some alternative rock bands that emerged from the United Kingdom in the late 1980s. ... Ride were a British shoegazing band. ... Slowdive // Slowdive were a shoegazing band formed in 1989, lasting until 1995. ...

As On a Friday's number of live performances increased, record labels and producers became interested. Chris Hufford, the co-owner of Oxford's Courtyard Studios, attended an early On a Friday concert at the Jericho Tavern. Impressed by the band, he and his partner Bryce Edge produced a demo tape and became On a Friday's managers;^[5] they remain the band's managers to this day. Following a chance meeting between Colin Greenwood and EMI representative Keith Wozencroft at the record shop where Greenwood worked, the band signed a six-album recording contract with the label in late 1991.^[5] At the request of EMI, the band changed their name to Radiohead, inspired by the title of a song on Talking Heads' True Stories album.^[5] For other uses, see EMI (disambiguation). ... In the music industry, Artists and Repertoire (A&R) is the division of a record label company that is responsible for scouting and artist development. ... The Talking Heads was an American rock band formed in 1974 in New York City and active until 1991. ... True Stories is a popular album released by the band Talking Heads at the time of the True Stories movie release. ...

Pablo Honey, The Bends and early success (1992–1995)

Drill, Radiohead's debut EP, was produced by Hufford and Edge at Courtyard Studios and released in March 1992. Its chart performance was poor, and consequently the band hired Paul Kolderie and Sean Slade—who had previously worked with the Pixies and Dinosaur Jr—to produce their debut album, which was recorded in an Oxford studio late in 1992.^[3] With the release of the "Creep" single in late 1992, Radiohead began to receive attention in the British music press, although not all of it was favourable; NME described them as "a lily livered excuse for a rock band,"^[7] and the song was not played on BBC Radio 1 because it was deemed "too depressing".^[8] Radiohead released their debut album, Pablo Honey, in February 1993. Its musical style was compared to the grunge style popular in the early 1990s—to the extent of Radiohead being dubbed "Nirvana-lite"^[9]—yet Pablo Honey did not do well in the UK charts. Singles "Stop Whispering" and "Anyone Can Play Guitar" followed the album's release; both did similarly poorly. For other uses, see Drill (disambiguation). ... // Extended play (EP) is the name typically given to vinyl records or CDs which contain more than one single but are too short to qualify as albums. ... In the music industry, a record producer (or music producer) has many roles, among them controlling the recording sessions, coaching and guiding the musicians, organizing and scheduling production budget and resources, and supervising the recording, mixing and mastering processes. ... The Pixies are an American alternative rock music group formed in Boston, Massachusetts in 1986. ... Dinosaur Jr is an American alternative rock band formed in Amherst, Massachusetts in 1983 as Dinosaur. ... Creep is the first single (not counting the Drill EP) released by the English rock band Radiohead, and a track on their 1993 debut album Pablo Honey. ... For other uses, see NME (disambiguation). ... BBC Radio 1 (commonly referred to as just Radio 1) is a British national radio station operated by the BBC, specialising in popular music and speech and is aimed primarily at the 14-29[1] age group. ... Pablo Honey is the first studio album by English rock band Radiohead, first released in early 1993. ... Grunge music (sometimes also referred to as the Seattle Sound) is an independent-rooted music genre that became a commercially successful offshoot of hardcore punk, thrash metal, and alternative rock in the late 1980s and early 1990s. ... This article is about the American grunge band. ... Stop Whispering was the third single released by the rock band, Radiohead. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

However, "Creep" unexpectedly built momentum around the world, spreading from popularity in Israel to a San Francisco college radio station.^[5] By the time Radiohead began their first United States tour in early 1993, the music video for "Creep" was in heavy rotation on MTV.^[11] The song rose to number two on the Billboard modern rock charts and to number seven in the UK singles chart when re-released later that year. Radiohead nearly broke up due to the pressure of sudden success as the Pablo Honey supporting tour extended into its second year.^[12] The band described the tour as a miserable experience, as towards its end they were "still playing the same songs that [they had] recorded two years previously… almost like being held in a time warp."^[13] Pablo Honey is the first studio album by English rock band Radiohead, first released in early 1993. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... A music video is a short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music, most commonly a song. ... This article is about the original U.S. music television channel. ... Modern Rock Tracks is a music chart in the United States that has appeared in Billboard magazine since September 10, 1988. ...

After the American tour, Radiohead began work on their second album, hiring veteran Abbey Road studios producer John Leckie. Tensions were high, as the band felt smothered both by "Creep"'s success and the mounting expectations for a superior follow-up.^[14] The band sought a change of scenery, touring Australasia and the Far East in an attempt to reduce the pressure. However, confronted again by their popularity, Yorke became disenchanted at being "right at the sharp end of the sexy, sassy, MTV eye-candy lifestyle" he felt he was helping to sell to the world.^[15] The 1994 EP My Iron Lung, featuring the single of the same title, was Radiohead's reaction, marking a transition towards the greater depth they aimed for on their second album.^[16] The single was promoted through underground radio stations; sales were better than expected, starting a loyal fan base for the band.^[17] Having developed more new songs on tour, Radiohead finished recording their second album, The Bends, in late 1994, releasing it in May 1995. The recording studio Abbey Road Studios, established in November of 1931 by EMI in London, England, is an iconic recording studio located at Abbey Road, in St Johns Wood in the City of Westminster. ... This article is about the British music producer. ... Australasia Australasia is a term variably used to describe a region of Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, and neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. ... This article is about the Asian regions. ... // Extended play (EP) is the name typically given to vinyl records or CDs which contain more than one single but are too short to qualify as albums. ... My Iron Lung is also a song, the title track of an EP and a track on their album The Bends My Iron Lung is an EP by the band Radiohead, released in 1994 and including the single of the same name. ... This article is about the album by Radiohead. ...

While Radiohead were seen as outsiders to the Britpop scene that dominated the media's attention at the time, they were finally successful in their home country with The Bends.^[6] The album was driven by dense riffs and ethereal atmospheres from the band's three guitarists, with greater use of keyboards than their debut.^[3] Singles "Fake Plastic Trees", "Just", and "Street Spirit (Fade Out)" achieved chart success in the UK, the latter putting Radiohead in the top 5 for the first time. In mid-1995, Radiohead toured in support of R.E.M., one of their formative influences and at the time one of the biggest rock bands in the world.^[13] Introducing his opening act, Michael Stipe said, "Radiohead are so good, they scare me".^[18] The buzz generated by such famous fans, along with distinctive music videos for "Just" and "Street Spirit (Fade Out)", helped to expand Radiohead's popularity outside the UK. Jonny Greenwood said, "I think the turning point for us came about nine or 12 months after The Bends was released and it started appearing in people's [best of] polls for the end of the year. That's when it started to feel like we made the right choice about being a band."^[19] Despite critical acclaim and loyal fans, The Bends didn't build on the commercial popularity of "Creep" outside the UK; few of its singles went into heavy rotation worldwide and its peak on the American charts was Radiohead's lowest position there, at number 88.^[20] Britpop is a subgenre of alternative rock that originated in the United Kingdom. ... Piano, a well-known instance of keyboard instruments A keyboard instrument is any musical instrument played using a musical keyboard. ... Fake Plastic Trees is a song by Radiohead, from their second album The Bends. ... Just is a single by the English rock band Radiohead, released on August 7, 1995. ... The Bends track listing Street Spirit (Fade Out) (commonly called Street Spirit) is a single by Radiohead, released in 1996, which is the closing track from their 1995 album The Bends. ... REM or R.E.M. is an acronym for: Rapid Eye Movement, a phase during sleep U.S. rock music band R.E.M., formed in Athens, Georgia in 1980 Roentgen equivalent man, a unit for measuring levels of exposure to radiation. ... REDIRECT Template:Infobox Musician John Michael Stipe (born January 4, 1960 in Decatur, Georgia) is the lead singer of the American rock band R.E.M. Stipe has become well-known (and occasionally parodied) for the mumbling style of his early career and for his complex, surreal lyrics, as well...

OK Computer, fame and critical acclaim (1996–1998)

Two new songs were already recorded for Radiohead's next album; "Lucky", released as a single to promote the War Child charity's The Help Album,^[21] and "Exit Music (For a Film)", contributed to Baz Luhrmann's 1996 adaptation of Romeo and Juliet. With the assistance of producer Nigel Godrich, their collaborator on "Lucky" and on b-side "Talk Show Host," Radiohead produced their next album themselves, beginning work in early 1996. By July they had recorded four songs with Godrich at their rehearsal studio, Canned Applause, a converted apple shed in the countryside near Didcot, Oxfordshire.^[22] They decided to perfect the songs live, touring as an opening act for Alanis Morissette, before completing the record. The rest of the album was recorded in actress Jane Seymour's 15th-century mansion, St. Catherine's Court, near Bath.^[23] The recording sessions were relaxed, with the band playing at all hours of the day, recording songs in different rooms, and listening to The Beatles, DJ Shadow, Ennio Morricone and Miles Davis for inspiration.^[19][3] Recording on the album was completed by the end of 1996, and by March 1997, it was mixed and mastered. Image File history File links Paranoid_Android. ... OK Computer is the third album by the English rock band Radiohead, released in 1997. ... Lucky was a promotional single for Radiohead. ... For other uses of the name War Child, see the disambiguation page. ... This article is about the 1995 charity album. ... Exit Music (For a Film) is a song by Radiohead, written specifically for the ending credits of the 1996 film Romeo + Juliet. ... Baz Luhrmann (born Mark Anthony Luhrmann on September 17, 1962) is an Oscar and Golden Globe-nominated Australian film director, screenwriter, and producer. ... Romeo + Juliet (full title: William Shakespeares Romeo + Juliet) is a 1996 film adaptation of Shakespeares play, Romeo and Juliet, directed by Baz Luhrmann. ... In the music industry, a record producer (or music producer) has many roles, among them controlling the recording sessions, coaching and guiding the musicians, organizing and scheduling production budget and resources, and supervising the recording, mixing and mastering processes. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Talk Show Host is a song written and performed by Radiohead. ... , Didcot is a town in the Thames Valley, in the English county of Oxfordshire (although formerly in Berkshire). ... Alanis Nadine Morissette (born June 1, 1974) is a Canadian-born singer-songwriter, record producer, and actress. ... Jane Seymour, OBE (born Joyce Penelope Wilhelmina Frankenberg on February 15, 1951) is an English born actress best known as the Bond girl in the James Bond film Live and Let Die and as the star of the American television series Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman and its telefilm sequels. ... St Catherines Court is a Tudor manor house in a secluded valley north of Bath, England. ... The White Album, see The Beatles (album). ... DJ Shadow (born Josh Davis in 1972)[1] is an American DJ, turntablist, music producer and songwriter. ... Ennio Morricone (born November 10, 1928; sometimes also credited as Dan Savio or Leo Nichols) is an Italian composer especially noted for his film scores. ... Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26, 1926 – September 28, 1991) was an American jazz musician, widely considered to be one of the most influential of the 20th century. ...

Radiohead released their third album, OK Computer, in June 1997. Largely composed of melodic rock songs, the new record also found the band experimenting with song structures and incorporating some ambient, avant garde and electronic influences.^[24] OK Computer was the band's first number one UK chart debut, propelling Radiohead to commercial success around the world. Despite peaking at number 21 in the American charts, the album eventually met with mainstream recognition there, receiving a Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album and a nomination for Album of the Year.^[25] "Paranoid Android", "Karma Police" and "No Surprises" were released as singles from the album, of which "Karma Police" was most successful in the U.S., peaking at number 14 on the Modern Rock charts.^[26] OK Computer is the third album by the English rock band Radiohead, released in 1997. ... Ambient music is a musical genre in which sound is more important than notes. ... For other uses, see Avant-garde (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Electronic music (disambiguation). ... The Billboard 200 is a ranking of the 200 highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard magazine. ... The Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album has been awarded since 1991. ... The Grammy Award for Album of the Year is the most prestigious award category. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... OK Computer track listing Airbag Paranoid Android Subterranean Homesick Alien Exit Music (For a Film) Let Down Karma Police fitter happier Electioneering Climbing Up the Walls No Surprises Lucky The Tourist Karma Police is the second single from Radioheads acclaimed 1997 album OK Computer, and is perhaps Radioheads... OK Computer track listing Airbag Paranoid Android Subterranean Homesick Alien Exit Music (For a Film) Let Down Karma Police fitter happier Electioneering Climbing Up the Walls No Surprises Lucky The Tourist No Surprises is the third single from Radioheads 1997 album OK Computer. ...

OK Computer was eventually met with great critical acclaim, and Yorke admitted that he was "amazed it got the reaction it did. None of us fucking knew any more whether it was good or bad. What really blew my head off was the fact that people got all the things, all the textures and the sounds and the atmospheres we were trying to create."^[27] The release of OK Computer was followed by the "Against Demons" world tour. Grant Gee, the director of the "No Surprises" video, accompanied and filmed the band, releasing the footage in the 1999 documentary Meeting People Is Easy.^[28] The film portrays the band's disaffection with the music industry and press, showing their burnout as they progressed from their first tour dates in mid-1997 to mid-1998, nearly a year later.^[3] During this time the band also released a music video compilation, 7 Television Commercials, as well as two EPs, Airbag/How Am I Driving? and No Surprises/Running from Demons, that compiled B-sides from OK Computer. Grant Gee is a film director most noted for his documentary about the britpop rock group Radiohead, Meeting People Is Easy (1999), which followed the band on their tour for their highly acclaimed third album, OK Computer (1997). ... Meeting People Is Easy (1998) is a rockumentary by Grant Gee following British alternative rock band Radiohead on their exhaustive world tour following the success of their 1997 album OK Computer. ... 7 Television Commercials is the only official collection of music videos currently available from Radiohead. ... Airbag/How Am I Driving? is an EP by Radiohead, released in 1998 specifically to the North American market, but is currently out of print. ... No Surprises/Running From Demons is an EP by Radiohead. ... In recorded music, the terms A-side and B-side refer to the two sides of 7 inch vinyl records on which singles have been released since the 1950s. ...

Kid A, Amnesiac and a change in sound (1999–2001)

Jonny Greenwood has used a variety of electronic instruments in live performances and in the recording of Kid A and Amnesiac.

Radiohead were largely inactive following their 1997–1998 tour; after its end, their only public performance in 1998 was at an Amnesty International concert in Paris.^[29] Yorke later admitted that during that period the band came close to splitting up, and that he had developed severe depression: "New Year's Eve [1998] was one of the lowest points of my life... I felt like I was going fucking crazy. Every time I picked up a guitar I just got the horrors. I would start writing a song, stop after 16 bars, hide it away in a drawer, look at it again, tear it up, destroy it."^[30] In early 1999, Radiohead began work on a follow-up to OK Computer. Although there was no longer any pressure or even a deadline from their record label, tension during this period was high. Band members all had different visions for Radiohead's future, and Yorke was still experiencing writer's block, influencing him toward a more abstract, fragmented form of songwriting.^[30] Eventually, all the members agreed on a new musical direction, redefining their instrumental roles in the band.^[9] Radiohead secluded themselves with producer Nigel Godrich in studios in Paris, Copenhagen, and Gloucester, and in their newly completed studio in Oxford. After nearly 18 months, Radiohead's recording sessions were completed in April 2000.^[30] An electronic musical instrument is a musical instrument that produces its sounds using electronics. ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Amnesty international Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization which defines its mission as to undertake research and action focused on preventing and ending grave abuses of the rights to physical and mental integrity, freedom of conscience... For other uses, see Depression. ... For other uses, see Writers block (disambiguation). ... This article is about the capital of France. ... For other uses, see Copenhagen (disambiguation). ... This article is about the city of Gloucester in England; for other uses see Gloucester (disambiguation). ... This article is about the city of Oxford in England. ...

Radiohead released their fourth album, Kid A, in October 2000, the first of two albums from these recording sessions. Rather than being a stylistic sequel to OK Computer, Kid A featured a minimalist and textured style with less overt guitar parts and more diverse instrumentation including the ondes Martenot, programmed electronic beats, strings, and jazz horns.^[30] It was Radiohead's greatest commercial success to date, debuting at number one in many countries, including the United States, where its debut atop the Billboard chart marked a first for the band.^[31] This success has been variously attributed to hype; to the leaking of the album on the file-sharing network Napster a few months before its release; and to anticipation after OK Computer.^[32][33] Although Radiohead did not release any singles from Kid A, promos of "Optimistic" and "Idioteque" received radio play, and a series of "blips", or short videos set to portions of tracks, were played on music channels and released freely on the Internet.^[34] This article is about the Radiohead album. ... For other uses, see Minimalism (disambiguation). ... Ondes martenot demonstrated by inventor Maurice Martenot The Ondes Martenot (or Ondes-Martenot or Ondes martenot or Ondium Martenot or Martenot or ondes musicale) is an early electronic musical instrument with a keyboard and slide invented in 1928 by Maurice Martenot, and originally very similar in sound to the Theremin. ... For other uses, see Electronic music (disambiguation). ... A string orchestra is an orchestra composed solely of stringed instruments. ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... The Billboard 200 is a ranking of the 200 highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard magazine. ... Wikibooks has more about this subject: Marketing Scale model of a Wheaties cereal box at a pep rally Promotion is one of the four key aspects of the marketing mix. ... For Napster, LLC (formerly Roxio), and the paid Napster music service, see Napster (pay service). ... A promotional recording, or promo, is a recording issued on vinyl, CD, cassette tape, VHS, or DVD and distributed free in order to promote a commercial recording. ... Optimistic is the sixth track on the 2000 album Kid A by the band Radiohead. ... Idioteque is the eighth track on Radioheads album Kid A (2000). ... This article is about the Radiohead album. ...

In early 2001, Kid A received a Grammy Award for Best Alternative Album and a nomination for Album of the Year. Yet it received both praise and criticism in independent music circles for appropriating underground styles of music, while many mainstream critics saw Kid A as a "commercial suicide note", labelling it "intentionally difficult" and longing for a return to the band's earlier style.^[7][6] Radiohead's fans were similarly divided; along with those who were appalled or mystified, there were many who saw the album as the band's best work.^[15][35] Yorke, however, denied that Radiohead had purposely set out to eschew commercial expectations, saying, "I was really, really amazed at how badly [Kid A] was being viewed… because the music's not that hard to grasp. We're not trying to be difficult… We're actually trying to communicate but somewhere along the line, we just seemed to piss off a lot of people… What we're doing isn't that radical."^[6] While promoting Kid A, the band, having read Naomi Klein's anti-globalization book No Logo, decided to mount a tour of Europe in a custom-built tent free of advertising, and of North America, playing smaller theatres.^[34] Image File history File links Everything_In_Its_Right_Place. ... This article is about the Radiohead album. ... For other uses, see Electronic music (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album has been awarded since 1991. ... The Grammy Award for Album of the Year is the most prestigious award category. ... In popular music, independent music, often abbreviated as indie, is a term used to describe independence from major commercial record labels and an autonomous, do-it-yourself approach to recording and publishing. ... Underground music is music which has developed a cult following, independent of commercial success. ... Naomi Klein (b. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... No Logo: Taking Aim at the Brand Bullies is a book by Canadian journalist Naomi Klein. ...

Amnesiac, released in June 2001, comprised additional tracks from the Kid A recording sessions. Radiohead's musical style on these tracks was similar to that of Kid A in their fusion of electronic music and art rock, but the album incorporated more jazz influence. Amnesiac was a critical and commercial success worldwide, reaching #2 in the US and being nominated for a Grammy Award and the Mercury Music Prize.^[36][7] "Pyramid Song" and "Knives Out", Radiohead's first singles since 1997, were modestly successful, but "I Might Be Wrong," initially planned as a third single, expanded into Radiohead's thus far only live record. I Might Be Wrong: Live Recordings, released in November 2001, featured live performances of songs from Kid A and Amnesiac, and an acoustic performance of the previously unreleased "True Love Waits." After Amnesiac's release, the band embarked on a world tour, visiting North America, Europe and Japan. Amnesiac is the fifth studio album by the English band Radiohead. ... For other uses, see Electronic music (disambiguation). ... Art rock is a term used to describe a subgenre of rock music with experimental or avant-garde influences that emphasizes novel sonic texture. ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... The Mercury Music Prize, now officially known as the Nationwide Mercury Prize, is a music award given annually for the best British or Irish album of the previous 12 months. ... Amnesiac track listing Pyramid Song is a song by the English band Radiohead. ... Amnesiac track listing I Might Be Wrong (5) Knives Out (6) Morning Bell/Amnesiac (7) Knives Out is a song written and performed by English alternative rock band Radiohead. ... I Might Be Wrong (with the subtitle Live Recordings) is a 2001 live mini album by English rock band Radiohead, consisting of live performances of eight songs recorded on a then-recent tour of Europe and North America: seven from their albums Kid A and Amnesiac, and one never released... I Might Be Wrong (with the subtitle Live Recordings) is a 2001 live mini album by English rock band Radiohead, consisting of live performances of eight songs recorded on a then-recent tour of Europe and North America: seven from their albums Kid A and Amnesiac, and one never released... True Love Waits (TLW) is an international Christian group that promotes sexual abstinence outside of marriage for teenagers and college students. ...

Hail to the Thief and a hiatus (2002–2004)

During July and August 2002, Radiohead toured Portugal and Spain, playing several new songs. They completed their sixth album in two weeks in a Los Angeles studio with Nigel Godrich, adding a few tracks later in Oxford. Band members described the recording process as relaxed, in contrast to the tense Kid A/Amnesiac sessions.^[2] The new album, Hail to the Thief, was released in June 2003. Mixing influences from throughout Radiohead's career, Hail to the Thief combined guitar-based rock with an electronic sound and topical lyrics.^[37] Although the album was critically acclaimed, many critics felt that the band was treading water creatively rather than continuing the "genre-redefining" trend that OK Computer had begun.^[38] Nevertheless, Hail to the Thief enjoyed commercial success, debuting at #3 on the Billboard chart and eventually being certified platinum in the UK and gold in the US. The album's singles, "There There", "Go to Sleep" and "2+2=5" achieved a level of play on modern rock radio. At the 2003 Grammy Awards, the album was nominated for Best Alternative Album, while producers Nigel Godrich and Darrell Thorp received the Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album.^[39] Hail to the Thief (subtitled The Gloaming) is the sixth studio album by English rock band Radiohead, released on 9 June 2003 in the United Kingdom and June 10, 2003 in the United States. ... Los Angeles and L.A. redirect here. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Hail to the Thief (subtitled The Gloaming) is the sixth studio album by English rock band Radiohead, released on 9 June 2003 in the United Kingdom and June 10, 2003 in the United States. ... The British Phonographic Industry was founded in 1973 to represent the interests of British music companies and to fight the growing problem of music piracy. ... In the United States, the Recording Industry Association of America awards certification based on the number of albums and singles sold through retail and other ancillary markets. ... Hail to the Thief track listing The Gloaming (Softly Open our Mouths in the Cold. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Hail to the Thief track listing 2 + 2 = 5 (The Lukewarm. ... Modern rock is term commonly used to describe a rock music format found on American commercial radio. ... The Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album has been awarded since 1991. ... The Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical has been awarded since 1959. ...

Yorke denied that Hail to the Thief's title was a comment on the controversial 2000 American presidential election, explaining that he first heard the phrase during a Radio 4 discussion of John Quincy Adams, "who stole the election and who was known as 'The Thief' throughout his presidency".^[2] Yorke explained that although the album was influenced by world events of late 2001 and early 2002, it also "struck [him] as the most amazing, powerful phrase… It will annoy me if people say it's a direct protest because I feel really strongly that [Radiohead] didn't write a protest record, we didn't write a political record."^[2] After the release of Hail to the Thief, Radiohead embarked on an international tour, which began in May 2003 and included a headlining performance at the Glastonbury Festival. The tour finished in May 2004 with a performance at the Coachella Festival. During their tour, the band released COM LAG, an EP compiling most of the b-sides from Hail to the Thief. Following their tour, the band began writing and rehearsing in their Oxford studio, but soon went on hiatus; free of contractual obligations, Radiohead spent the remainder of 2004 resting and working on solo projects.^[40] Presidential electoral votes by state. ... John Quincy Adams (July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848) was a diplomat, politician, and the sixth President of the United States (March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1829). ... The Glastonbury Festival of Contemporary Performing Arts, commonly abbreviated to Glastonbury or Glasto, is the largest[1] greenfield music and performing arts festival in the world. ... This article is about the annual music and arts festival. ... COM LAG (2plus2isfive) is an EP by English rock band Radiohead, first released in Japan and Australia in March 2004, followed with an April 2004 release in Canada and finally a UK release in May 2007. ...

In Rainbows and independent work (2005–present)

Yorke in concert with Radiohead in 2006.

Radiohead began work on their seventh album in February 2005.^[40] In September 2005, the band recorded a piano-based song, "I Want None of This", for the War Child charity album Help: A Day in the Life. The album was sold online, with "I Want None of This" being the most downloaded track, although it was not released as a single.^[41] At the time, Radiohead were without a record contract, having fulfilled their recording contract with EMI in 2004 with the release of COM LAG. Shortly before the band began writing new songs for the album, Yorke told Time, "I like the people at our record company, but the time is at hand when you have to ask why anyone needs one. And, yes, it probably would give us some perverse pleasure to say 'Fuck you' to this decaying business model."^[42] Radiohead had begun recording their next album on their own and then with producer Mark Stent, but in late 2006, after a tour of Europe and North America during which they debuted 13 new songs, they resumed work with Nigel Godrich in several rural locations in England.^[43] The album was completed in June 2007 and was mastered the following month in a New York City studio.^[44] taken from www. ... taken from www. ... For other uses of the name War Child, see the disambiguation page. ... For other uses, see EMI (disambiguation). ... TIME redirects here. ... Mark Spike Stent is a record producer, and audio engineer who has worked with The KLF,[1] Björk, Keane, Depeche Mode, Erasure, Massive Attack, Madonna, Marilyn Manson, Dave Matthews, No Doubt, Oasis, Gwen Stefani, the Spice Girls, Take That Linkin Park, Craig David, S Club 7, Wheatus, U2, Britney...

Radiohead's seventh album, In Rainbows, was released in October 2007 as a digital download for which customers chose their own price. Although it was reported that 1.2 million digital downloads were sold by the day of the album's release,^[45] the band's management did not release official sales figures, claiming that the Internet-only distribution was intended to boost sales of the physical album.^[45][46] Yet according to Yorke, Radiohead's profits from the digital download of In Rainbows outstripped combined profits from digital downloads of all of the band's other studio albums.^[47] A "discbox" including a bonus CD from the recording sessions, a double vinyl edition of the album, and a hardcover book of artwork was released in early December.^[48] In Rainbows was physically released in the UK in late December on XL Recordings and in North America in January 2008 on TBD Records,^[48] and charted at number one both in the UK and in the US.^[49][50] The album's success in the US marked Radiohead's highest chart success in that country since Kid A, while it was their fifth UK number one album. "Jigsaw Falling into Place", the first single from the album, was released in the UK in January 2008.^[51] The second single, "Nude", debuted at #37 in the Billboard Hot 100, Radiohead's first song to make that chart since 1995's "High and Dry" and their first time in the top 40 since "Creep".^[52] In Rainbows is the seventh album by the English alternative rock band Radiohead. ... For other uses, see MP3 (disambiguation). ... A double album is an audio album of sufficient length that two units of the medium in which it is sold (especially records and compact discs) are necessary to contain the entirety of it. ... XL Recordings is an independent record label which was launched by Nick Halkes (joined in 1992 by Richard Russell) with Beggars Banquet Records in 1989 to release its rave and dance music. ... TBD Records (previously Side One Recordings) is an American record label co-founded by Coran Capshaw, Ron Lafitte and Phil Costello. ... Jigsaw Falling into Place is a song written by British group Radiohead, appearing on their album In Rainbows. ... In Rainbows track listing 15 Step Bodysnatchers Nude Weird Fishes/Arpeggi All I Need Faust Arp Reckoner House of Cards Jigsaw Falling into Place Videotape Nude is a song by English rock band Radiohead and is the third track on their 2007 album In Rainbows. ... “Hot 100” redirects here. ... The Bends track listing The Bends (2) High and Dry (3) Fake Plastic Trees (4) High and Dry was the second single taken from the Radiohead album The Bends, and appeared as a double A-side with the album opener Planet Telex. It was released in the UK on 5...

In Rainbows received overwhelmingly positive reviews, among the best of Radiohead's career. Critics praised the album for having a more accessible sound and personal style of lyrics than their past work.^[53] Explaining the reasons behind the album's delivery and pricing scheme, Jonny Greenwood said, "It was an experiment that felt worth trying...[and] it's fun to make people stop for a few seconds and think about what music is worth."^[54] Yorke described the album as Radiohead's attempt to "describe...as coherently and conclusively as possible, what moves us." He said that with In Rainbows, Radiohead wanted to make a concise album, such as classic albums as Transformer, Revolver, and Hunky Dory.^[55][56] Radiohead will tour North America, Europe, South America and Japan from May 2008 to the end of the year to promote In Rainbows.^[45] A greatest hits compilation, titled Radiohead: The Best Of, was released by EMI in June 2008.^[57] This compilation does not contain any of the tracks from In Rainbows, as In Rainbows was not released through EMI. Transformer is Lou Reeds breakthrough second solo album, released in December 1972. ... The Beatles U.S. chronology Alternate cover Cover of the original 1966 U.S. LP Back cover Back cover of the original 1966 UK LP. The main photo was edited in separate parts for the booklet of the 1988 Compact Disc release. ... Hunky Dory is the fourth album by English singer-songwriter David Bowie, released by RCA Records in 1971. ... North American redirects here. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... For a list of albums known simply as Greatest Hits, see List of albums titled Greatest Hits. ...

Style and songwriting