Look up ragtime in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Second edition cover of "Maple Leaf Rag". It is one of the most famous rags.

Ragtime (alternately spelled Rag-time) is an American musical genre which enjoyed its peak popularity between 1899 and 1918. It has had several periods of revival since then and is still being composed today. Ragtime was the first truly American musical genre, predating jazz^[1]. It began as dance music in popular music settings years before being published as popular sheet music for piano. Being a modification of the then popular march, it was usually written in 2/4 or 4/4 time (meter) with a predominant left hand pattern of bass notes on odd-numbered beats and chords on even-numbered beats accompanying a syncopated melody in the right hand. A composition in this style is called a "rag". A rag written in 3/4 time is a "ragtime waltz". Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wiktionary (a portmanteau of wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 151 languages. ... Ragtime is a style of music; see: ragtime. ... Cakewalk is a traditional African American form of music and dance which originated among slaves in the US South. ... The jig (sometimes seen in its French language or Italian language forms gigue or giga) is a folk dance type as well as the accompanying dance tune type, popular in Ireland and Scotland. ... American march music is march music written and/or performed in the United States of America. ... The 1890s were sometimes referred to as the Mauve Decade, because William Henry Perkins aniline dye allowed the widespread use of that colour in fashion, and also as the Gay Nineties, under the then-current usage of the word gay which referred simply to merriment and frivolity, with no... United States may refer to: Places: United States of America SS United States, the fastest ocean liner ever built. ... A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified with the purpose of making music. ... A short grand piano, with the lid up. ... For other uses, see Banjo (disambiguation) The banjo is a stringed instrument developed by enslaved Africans in the United States, adapted from several African instruments. ... Äž: For the film, see: 1900 (film). ... Year 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Stride is a pioneering jazz piano style. ... The sheet music for Dizzy Fingers by Zez Confrey, one of the most popular of the novelty piano composers. ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Maple_Leaf_Rag. ... Image File history File links Maple_Leaf_Rag. ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... A march, as a musical genre, is a piece of music with a strong regular rhythm which in origin was expressly written for marching to and most frequently performed by a military band. ... Metre or meter (US) is the measurement of a musical line into measures of stressed and unstressed beats, indicated in Western music notation by a symbol called a time signature. ... In music, syncopation is the stressing of a normally unstressed beat in a bar or the failure to sound a tone on an accented beat. ...

Ragtime is not a "time" (meter) in the same sense that march time is 2/4 meter and waltz time is 3/4 meter; it is rather a musical genre that uses an effect that can be applied to any meter. The defining characteristic of ragtime music is a specific type of syncopation in which melodic accents occur between metrical beats. This results in a melody that seems to be avoiding some metrical beats of the accompaniment by emphasizing notes that either anticipate or follow the beat. The ultimate (and intended) effect on the listener is actually to accentuate the beat, thereby inducing the listener to move to the music. Scott Joplin, the composer/pianist known as the "King of Ragtime", called the effect "weird and intoxicating". He also used the term "swing" in describing how to play ragtime music: "Play slowly until you catch the swing...".^[2] The name swing later came to be applied to an early genre of jazz that developed from ragtime. Converting a non-ragtime piece of music into ragtime by changing the time values of melody notes is known as "ragging" the piece. Original ragtime pieces usually contain several distinct themes, four being the most common number. Metre or meter (US) is the measurement of a musical line into measures of stressed and unstressed beats, indicated in Western music notation by a symbol called a time signature. ... Look up Melody in Wiktionary, the free dictionary In music, a melody is a series of linear events or a succession, not a simultaneity as in a chord. ... Scott Joplin Scott Joplin (born between June 1867 and January 1868,[1] died April 1, 1917) was an American musician and composer of ragtime music. ... Swing music, also known as swing jazz, is a form of jazz music that developed during the 1920s and had solidified as a distinctive style by 1935 in the United States. ...

According to the New Grove Dictionary of Jazz the musical form was originally called "ragged time" which later became corrupted to "ragtime".

Historical context

Ragtime originated in African American musical communities, in the late 19th century, and descended from the jigs and marches played by all-black bands common in all Northern cities with black populations (van der Merwe 1989, p.63). By the start of the 20th century it became widely popular throughout North America and was listened and danced to, performed, and written by people of many different subcultures. A distinctly American musical style, ragtime may be considered a synthesis of African syncopation and European classical music, though this description is oversimplified. This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The jig (sometimes seen in its French language or Italian language forms gigue or giga) is a folk dance type as well as the accompanying dance tune type, popular in Ireland and Scotland. ... A march, as a musical genre, is a piece of music with a strong regular rhythm which in origin was expressly written for marching to and most frequently performed by a military band. ... North American redirects here. ...

Joseph Lamb's 1916 "The Top Liner Rag", a classic rag.

Some early piano rags are entitled marches, and "jig" and "rag" were used interchangeably in the mid-1890s (ibid.) and ragtime was also preceded by its close relative the cakewalk. In 1895, black entertainer Ernest Hogan published two of the earliest sheet music rags, one of which ("All Coons Look Alike to Me") eventually sold a million copies.^[3] As fellow Black musician Tom Fletcher said, Hogan was the "first to put on paper the kind of rhythm that was being played by non-reading musicians."^[4] While the song's success helped introduce the country to ragtime rhythms, its use of racial slurs created a number of derogatory imitation tunes, known as "coon songs" because of their use of extremely racist and stereotypical images of blacks. In Hogan's later years he admitted shame and a sense of "race betrayal" for the song while also expressing pride in helping bring ragtime to a larger audience.^[5] Image File history File links The_Top_Liner_Rag. ... Image File history File links The_Top_Liner_Rag. ... Joseph F. Lamb (December 6, 1887 - 1960) was a noted USA composer of ragtime music. ... Classic Rag (or classical ragtime) is a term used to describe the style of ragtime composition pioneered by Scott Joplin and the Missouri school of ragtime composers. ... Cakewalk is a traditional African American form of music and dance which originated among slaves in the US South. ... Ernest Hogan Ernest Hogan (born Ernest Reuben Crowders, 1868? to 1909) was the first African American entertainer to produce and star in a Broadway show (The Oyster Man in 1907) and helped create the musical genre of ragtime. ... Sheet music is written representation of music. ... Sheet music to Coon Coon Coon, which bills itself as The Most Successful Song Hit of 1901. ... This box:      Racism has many definitions, the most common and widely accepted is that members of one race are intrinsically superior or inferior to members of other races. ... For other uses, see Stereotype (disambiguation). ...

The emergence of mature ragtime is usually dated to 1897, the year in which several important early rags were published. In 1899, Scott Joplin's Maple Leaf Rag was published, which became a great hit and demonstrated more depth and sophistication than earlier ragtime. Ragtime was one of the main influences on the early development of jazz (along with the blues). Some artists, like Jelly Roll Morton, were present and performed both ragtime and jazz styles during the period the two genres overlapped. Jazz largely surpassed ragtime in mainstream popularity in the early 1920s, although ragtime compositions continue to be written up to the present, and periodic revivals of popular interest in ragtime occurred in the 1950s and the 1970s. Scott Joplin Scott Joplin (born between June 1867 and January 1868,[1] died April 1, 1917) was an American musician and composer of ragtime music. ... Second edition cover of Maple Leaf Rag, perhaps the most famous rag of all The Maple Leaf Rag (1897) is an early Ragtime composition for piano by Scott Joplin. ... Blues music redirects here. ... Morton in the 1920s Ferdinand Jelly Roll Morton September 20, 1890 - July 10, 1941) was an American virtuoso pianist, bandleader and composer who some call the first true composer of jazz music. ...

Some authorities consider ragtime to be a form of classical music. The heyday of ragtime predated the widespread availability of sound recording. Like classical music, and unlike jazz, classical ragtime was and is primarily a written tradition, being distributed in sheet music rather than through recordings or by imitation of live performances. Ragtime music was also distributed via piano rolls for player pianos. A folk ragtime tradition also existed before and during the period of classical ragtime (a designation largely created by Scott Joplin's publisher John Stark), manifesting itself mostly through string bands, banjo and mandolin clubs (which experienced a burst of popularity during the early 20th Century), and the like. Classical music is a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of, European art, ecclesiastical and concert music, encompassing a broad period from roughly 1000 to the present day. ... Methods and media for sound recording are varied and have undergone significant changes between the first time sound was actually recorded for later playback until now. ... Sheet music is written representation of music. ... Example of a piano roll being punched. ... Folk ragtime is a subgenre of ragtime, a distinctly American music. ... Scott Joplin Scott Joplin (born between June 1867 and January 1868,[1] died April 1, 1917) was an American musician and composer of ragtime music. ... John Stillwell Stark (April 11, 1841 - November 20, 1927) was a United States publisher of ragtime music. ...

A form known as novelty piano (or novelty ragtime) emerged as the traditional rag was fading in popularity. Where traditional ragtime depended on amateur pianists and sheet music sales, the novelty rag took advantage of new advances in piano-roll technology and the phonograph record to permit a more complex, pyrotechnic, performance-oriented style of rag to be heard. Chief among the novelty rag composers is Zez Confrey, whose "Kitten on the Keys" popularized the style in 1921. The sheet music for Dizzy Fingers by Zez Confrey, one of the most popular of the novelty piano composers. ... The sheet music for Dizzy Fingers. Edward Elzear Zez Confrey (April 3, 1895-November 22, 1971) was an American composer and performer of piano music. ...

Ragtime also served as the roots for stride piano, a more improvisational piano style popular in the 1920s and 1930s. Elements of ragtime found their way into much of the American popular music of the early 20th century. It also played a central role in the development of the musical style later referred to as "Piedmont blues;" indeed, much of the music played by such artists of the genre, such as Reverend Gary Davis, Blind Boy Fuller, Elizabeth Cotten, and Etta Baker, could be referred to as "ragtime guitar."^[6] Stride is a pioneering jazz piano style. ... The Piedmont blues is a type of blues music characterized by a unique fingerpicking method on the guitar in which a regular, alternating-thumb bass pattern supports a melody using treble strings. ... Reverend Gary Davis also Blind Gary Davis ( April 30, 1896 – May 5, 1972) was an African American blues and gospel singer as well as a renowned guitarist. ... Blind Boy Fuller (born Fulton Allen) was an American blues guitarist and vocalist. ... Elizabeth Cotten Elizabeth Cotten (January 5, 1895 - June 29, 1987) was an American musician whose style was traditional blues and folk but was unavoidably original due to her lack of any musical lessons or knowledge of tuning in the traditional sense. ... Etta Baker (born Etta Lucille Reid in Caldwell County, North Carolina, March 31, 1913) is a Piedmont blues guitarist and singer from North Carolina, United States. ...

Although most ragtime was composed for piano, transcriptions for other instruments and ensembles are common, notably including Gunther Schuller's arrangements of Joplin's rags. Occasionally ragtime was originally scored for ensembles (particularly dance bands and brass bands), or as songs. Joplin had long-standing ambitions for a synthesis of the worlds of ragtime and opera, to which end the opera Treemonisha was written; but it was never performed in his lifetime. In fact the score was lost for decades, then rediscovered in 1970; it has been performed in numerous productions since then. An earlier opera by Joplin, A Guest of Honor, has been lost. A short grand piano, with the lid up. ... Gunther Schuller Gunther Schuller (born November 22, 1925) studied at the St. ... A brass band a musical group consisting mostly or entirely of brass instruments, often with a percussion section. ... For other uses, see Opera (disambiguation). ... The cover of the original Treemonisha score. ...

Styles of ragtime

Shoe Tickler Rag, cover of the music sheet for a song from 1911 by Wilbur Campbell.

Ragtime pieces came in a number of different styles during the years of its popularity and appeared under a number of different descriptive names. It is related to several earlier styles of music, has close ties with later styles of music, and was associated with a few musical "fads" of the period such as the foxtrot. Many of the terms associated with ragtime have inexact definitions, and are defined differently by different experts; the definitions are muddled further by the fact that publishers often labelled pieces for the fad of the moment rather than the true style of the composition. There is even disagreement about the term "ragtime" itself; experts such as David Jasen and Trebor Tichenor choose to exclude ragtime songs from the definition but include novelty piano and stride piano (a modern perspective), while Edward A. Berlin includes ragtime songs and excludes the later styles (which is closer to how ragtime was viewed originally). Many ragtime pianists, Eubie Blake and Mark Birnbaum among them, include the songs and the later styles as ragtime. The terms below should not be considered exact, but merely an attempt to pin down the general meaning of the concept. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... For other uses, see FAD (disambiguation). ... This article is about the dance. ...

• Cakewalk - A pre-ragtime dance form popular until about 1904. The music is intended to be representative of an African-American dance contest in which the prize is a cake. Many early rags are cakewalks.
• Characteristic march - A march incorporating idiomatic touches (such as syncopation) supposedly characteristic of the race of their subject, which is usually African-Americans. Many early rags are characteristic marches.
• Two-step - A pre-ragtime dance form popular until about 1911. A large number of rags are two-steps.
• Slow drag - Another dance form associated with early ragtime. A modest number of rags are slow drags.
• Coon song - A pre-ragtime vocal form popular until about 1901. A song with crude, racist lyrics often sung by white performers in blackface. Gradually died out in favor of the ragtime song. Strongly associated with ragtime in its day, it is one of the things that gave ragtime a bad name.
• Ragtime song - The vocal form of ragtime, more generic in theme than the coon song. Though this was the form of music most commonly considered "ragtime" in its day, many people today prefer to put it in the "popular music" category. Irving Berlin was the most commercially successful composer of ragtime songs, and his "Alexander's Ragtime Band" (1911) was the single most widely performed and recorded piece of this sort, even though it contains virtually no ragtime syncopation. Gene Greene was a famous singer in this style.
• Folk ragtime - A name often used to describe ragtime that originated from small towns or assembled from folk strains, or at least sounded as if they did. Folk rags often have unusual chromatic features typical of composers with non-standard training.
• Classic rag - A name used to describe the Missouri-style ragtime popularized by Scott Joplin, James Scott, and others.
• Fox-trot - A dance fad which began in 1913. Fox-trots contain a dotted-note rhythm different from that of ragtime, but which nonetheless was incorporated into many late rags.
• Novelty piano - A piano composition emphasizing speed and complexity which emerged after World War I. It is almost exclusively the domain of white composers.
• Stride piano - A style of piano which emerged after World War I, developed by and dominated by black East coast pianists (James P. Johnson, Fats Waller and Willie 'The Lion' Smith). Together with novelty piano, it may be considered a successor to ragtime, but is not considered by all to be "genuine" ragtime. Johnson composed the song that is arguably most associated with the Roaring Twenties, "Charleston." A recording of Johnson playing the song appears on the compact disc, James P. Johnson: Harlem Stride Piano (Jazz Archives No. 111, EPM, Paris, 1997). Johnson's recorded version has a ragtime flavor.

James Scott's 1904 "On the Pike", which refers to the midway of the St. Louis World's Fair of 1904.

Cakewalk is a traditional African American form of music and dance which originated among slaves in the US South. ... Two-step may stand for: Dances Two-step (dance move), a dance move used in folk dance and various other kinds of dancing. ... The Slow Drag is an American social dance usually performed to blues music. ... Sheet music to Coon Coon Coon, which bills itself as The Most Successful Song Hit of 1901. ... Irving Berlin (May 11, 1888 – September 22, 1989) was an American composer and lyricist, one of the most prodigious and famous American songwriters in history. ... Alexanders Ragtime Band is the name of a song by Irving Berlin. ... Eugene Delbert Greene (June 9, 1881 – April 5, 1930), better known as Gene Greene was an American entertainer, singer and composer, nicknamed The Ragtime King. ... Folk ragtime is a subgenre of ragtime, a distinctly American music. ... Classic Rag (or classical ragtime) is a term used to describe the style of ragtime composition pioneered by Scott Joplin and the Missouri school of ragtime composers. ... This article is about the dance. ... The sheet music for Dizzy Fingers by Zez Confrey, one of the most popular of the novelty piano composers. ... Stride is a pioneering jazz piano style. ... James Price Johnson (February 1, 1894 - November 17, 1955) was a pianist and composer. ... Fats Waller (born Thomas Wright Waller on May 21, 1904, died December 15, 1943) was an American jazz pianist, organist, composer and comedic entertainer. ... Willie The Lion Smith (25 November 1897 - 18 April 1973) was a jazz pianist, one of the masters of the stride style. ... Image File history File links On_the_Pike_-_James_Scott_sheet_music. ... Image File history File links On_the_Pike_-_James_Scott_sheet_music. ... James Scotts 1904 On the Pike, which refers to the midway of the St. ... Entrance to Creation Exhibit on the Pike Map of the St. ...

Ragtime revivals

In the early 1940s many jazz bands began to include ragtime in their repertoire and put out ragtime recordings on 78 RPM records. Old numbers written for piano were rescored for jazz instruments by jazz musicians, which gave the old style a new sound. The most famous recording of this period is Pee Wee Hunt's version of Euday L. Bowman's Twelfth Street Rag. Methods and media for sound recording are varied and have undergone significant changes between the first time sound was actually recorded for later playback until now. ... Euday Louis Bowman (November 9, 1887 - May 26, 1949) was an American composer of ragtime and blues. ...

A more significant revival occurred in the 1950s. A wider variety of ragtime styles of the past were made available on records, and new rags were composed, published, and recorded. Much of the ragtime recorded in this period is presented in a light-hearted novelty style, looked to with nostalgia as the product of a supposedly more innocent time. A number of popular recordings featured "prepared pianos," playing rags on pianos with tacks on the keys and the instrument deliberately somewhat out of tune, supposedly to simulate the sound of a piano in an old honky tonk. Honky tonk was originally the name of a type of bar common throughout the southern United States, also Honkatonk or Honkey-tonk. ...

Three events brought forward a different kind of ragtime revival in the 1970s. First, pianist Joshua Rifkin brought out a compilation of Scott Joplin's work on Nonesuch Records, which was nominated for a Grammy in the "Best Classical Performance - Instrumental Soloist(s) without Orchestra" category^[7] in 1971. This recording reintroduced Joplin's music to the public in the manner the composer had intended, not as a nostalgic stereotype but as serious, respectable music. Second, the New York Public Library released a two-volume set of "The Collected Works of Scott Joplin," which renewed interest in Joplin among musicians and prompted new stagings of Joplin's opera Treemonisha. Finally, with the release of the motion picture The Sting in 1973, which had a Marvin Hamlisch soundtrack of Joplin tunes, ragtime was brought to a wide audience. Hamlisch's rendering of Joplin's 1902 rag The Entertainer was a top 40 hit in 1974. Joshua Rifkin (born April 22, 1944 in New York) is an American conductor and musicologist. ... Nonesuch Records is currently allied with Warner Bros. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The New York Public Library (NYPL) is one of the leading public libraries of the world and is one of Americas most significant research libraries. ... For other uses, see Opera (disambiguation). ... The cover of the original Treemonisha score. ... This article is about the 1973 film involving con artists. ... Marvin Hamlisch (born June 2, 1944) is an American composer. ...

In modern times, younger musicians have again begun to find ragtime, and incorporate it into their musical repertoires. Such acts include The Kitchen Syncopators, Inkwell Rhythm Makers, The Gallus Brothers and the not-quite as young Baby Gramps. Baby Gramps is a steel guitar performer, who, though born in Miami, Florida, has been based in the Northwest USA for at least the last 40 years. ...

Ragtime composers

Scott Joplin

By far the most famous ragtime composer was Scott Joplin. Joseph Lamb and James Scott are, together with Joplin, acknowledged as the three most sophisticated ragtime composers. Some rank Artie Matthews as belonging with this distinguished company. Other notable ragtime composers included May Aufderheide, Eubie Blake, George Botsford, Zez Confrey, Ben Harney, Charles L. Johnson, Luckey Roberts, Paul Sarebresole, Wilbur Sweatman, and Tom Turpin. Scott Joplin This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 70 years or less. ... Scott Joplin This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 70 years or less. ... A list of ragtime composers, including a famous or characteristic composition. ... Scott Joplin Scott Joplin (born between June 1867 and January 1868,[1] died April 1, 1917) was an American musician and composer of ragtime music. ... Joseph F. Lamb (December 6, 1887 - 1960) was a noted USA composer of ragtime music. ... James Scotts 1904 On the Pike, which refers to the midway of the St. ... Artie Matthews (November 15, 1888 _ October 25, 1958) was a songwriter, pianist, and ragtime composer. ... May Frances Aufderheide (May 21, 1888 - September 1, 1972) was an American composer of ragtime music. ... James Hubert Blake (February 7, 1887 – February 12, 1983), was a composer, lyricist, and pianist of ragtime, jazz, and popular music. ... George Botsford (February 24, 1874 - February 11, 1949) was an American composer of ragtime and other forms of music. ... The sheet music for Dizzy Fingers. Edward Elzear Zez Confrey (April 3, 1895-November 22, 1971) was an American composer and performer of piano music. ... Benjamin Robertson Ben Harney (6 March 1871 _ 2 March 1938) was a United States of America songwriter, entertainer, and pioneer of ragtime music. ... Charles Leslie Johnson (December 3, 1876 - December 28, 1950) was an American composer of ragtime and popular music. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Paul Sarebresole (May, 1875 - October 3, 1911) was an early composer of ragtime music. ... Wilber C. Sweatman (Brunswick, Missouri, February 7, 1882 - New York City March 9, 1961) was an African-American ragtime and jazz composer, bandleader, and clarinetist. ... Tom Turpin Thomas Million Turpin (1873 - August 13, 1922) was an African-American composer of ragtime music. ...

Modern ragtime composers include William Bolcom, William Albright, David Thomas Roberts, Frank French, Trebor Tichenor, Mark Birnbaum, Reginald R. Robinson, John Roache, and Warren Trachtman. William Elden Bolcom (born May 26, 1938) is an American composer of chamber, operatic, and symphonic music. ... William F. Albright (1891-1971) was an evangelical Methodist archaelogist, biblical authority, linguist and expert on ceramics. ... David Thomas Roberts (born January 16, 1955 in Moss Point, Mississippi) is an American composer and musician, known primarily as a modern ragtime composer. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Reginald R. Robinson is a noted composer and performer of ragtime music. ...

Quotations

"There are a great many colored people who are ashamed of the cake-walk, but I think they ought to be proud of it. It is my opinion that the colored people of this country have done four things which refute the oft-advanced theory that they are an absolutely inferior race, which demonstrate that they have originality and artistic conception, and, what is more, the power of creating that which can influence and appeal universally. The first two of these are the Uncle Remus stories, collected by Joel Chandler Harris, and the Jubilee songs, to which the Fisk singers made the public and the skilled musicians of both America and Europe listen. The other two are ragtime music and the cake-walk. No one who has traveled can question the world-conquering influence of ragtime, and I do not think it would be an exaggeration to say that in Europe the United States is popularly known better by ragtime than by anything else it has produced in a generation. In Paris they call it American music." Uncle Remus was a fictional character, the title character and fictional narrator of a collection of African American folktales adapted and compiled by Joel Chandler Harris, published in book form from 1881. ...

James Weldon Johnson: The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man, 1912. James Weldon Johnson (June 17, 1871 – June 26, 1938) was a leading American author, critic, journalist, poet, anthropologist, educator, lawyer, songwriter, early civil rights activist, and prominent figure in the Harlem Renaissance. ... The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man by James Weldon Johnson is the fictional telling of the story of a young biracial man, refered to only as the “Ex-Colored Man, living in post reconstruction era America in the late ninteenth and early twentieth century. ...

Samples

• Download recording — "The Wagon" ragtime from the Library of Congress' Gordon Collection; an early ragtime song sung by Ben Harney in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on about September 9, 1925

Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ... is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

1. ^ King of Ragtime by Edward A. Berlin, Oxford University Press, 1994, ISBN 0-19-510108-1, page vi.
2. ^ "School of Ragtime"(1908) in SCOTT JOPLIN Collected Piano Works, Edited by Vera Brodsky Lawrence, The New York Public Library, 1971, ISBN 0-87104-242-8, page 284.
3. ^ Ragging It: Getting Ragtime into History (and Some History into Ragtime) by Loring White, iUniverse, 2005. xiv, 419 pp. ISBN 0-595-34042-3, page 99
4. ^ Ragging It: Getting Ragtime into History (and Some History into Ragtime) by Loring White, iUniverse, 2005. xiv, 419 pp. ISBN 0-595-34042-3, page 100
5. ^ Dvorak to Duke Ellington: A Conductor Explores America's Music and Its African American Roots by Maurice Peress, Oxford University Press, 2003, page 39.
6. ^ Bastin, Bruce. "Truckin' My Blues Away: East Coast Piedmont Styles." Nothing But the Blues: The Music and the Musicians. Ed. Lawrence Cohn. New York: Abbeville Press, 1993.
7. ^ Past Winner Database, "1971 14th Grammy Awards." Accessed Feb. 19, 2007.

Further reading

• Berlin, E.A. (1980). Ragtime: a musical and cultural history. University of California Press. 
• Blesh, R., and Janis, H. (1971). They all played ragtime, 4th ed.. Oak Publications. 
• Jasen, D.A., and Tichenor, T.J. (1980). Rags and ragtime. Dover. 
• Schafer, W.J., and Riedel, J. (1973). The art of ragtime: form and meaning of an original black American art. Louisiana State University Press. 

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

Ragtime

• Origins of Rag
• Rag time Blog
• "Perfessor" Bill Edwards' Ragtime/Old-time Piano Gallery
• Swedish Ragtime Home Page
• The late John Roache's MIDI ragtime library

• Ragtime history in France
• Rocky Mountain Ragtime Radio
• Elite Syncopations Radio
• Aussie Dixieland/Ragtime Radio
• Classic Ragtime Piano by Ted Tjaden
• Warren Trachtman's Ragtime MIDI Website