Full General Rahimuddin Khan (Urdu: رحیم الدین خان) (born 21 July 1926) was the Governor of Balochistan, the largest province of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, for an unprecedented seven years (1978-1984), while simultaneously holding the military posts of Armoured Corps Commander as well as Martial Law Administrator of Balochistan, the latter which he held from July 1977 to May 1984. He was also the Governor of Sindh from May 1988 to October 1988. Image File history File linksMetadata General_Rahimuddin_Khan. ... Martial Law Administrator is a head of the military governments normally overtaking the elected govenments with different purposes. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ... 1984 is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... 1984 is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A Chairman is the presiding officer of a meeting, organization, committee, or other deliberative body. ... In March 1976, the Government of Pakistan adopted the recommendations of the White Paper on Higher Defence Reorganization. ... 1984 is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sir Muhammad Iqbāl (Urdu/Persian: ‎ ) (November 9, 1877 – April 21, 1938) was an Indian Muslim poet, philosopher and politician, whose poetry in Persian and Urdu is regarded as among the greatest in modern times. ... Akhtar Abdur Rahman General Akhtar Abdur Rahman (Urdu: اختر عبد الرحمن) was the Director of Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of Pakistan during the 1980s and was the mastermind behind the Afghan Jihad against the Soviet Union with the support of USA. He was a close friend of CIA chief William Casey. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on a Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1988 is a leap year starting on a Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... July 21 is the 202nd day of the year (203rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Imperial-India-Blue-Ensign. ... , Kaimganj is a city in Farrukhabad district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Anthem God Save The Queen/King British India, circa 1860 Capital Calcutta (1858-1912), New Delhi (1912-1947) Language(s) Hindi, Urdu, English and many others Government Monarchy Emperor of India  - 1877-1901 Victoria  - 1901-1910 Edward VII  - 1910-1936 George V  - January-December 1936 Edward VIII  - 1936-1947 George... Sunni Muslims are the largest denomination of Islam. ... A General is an officer of high military rank. ... (, historically spelled Ordu), is an Middle Eastern-Aryan language. ... July 21 is the 202nd day of the year (203rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A province is a territorial unit, almost always a country subdivision. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar). ... Armoured forces, collectively the armoured or armour, are military forces traditionally equipped with heavy armour. ... Martial Law Administrator is a head of the military governments normally overtaking the elected govenments with different purposes. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ... 1984 is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on a Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1988 is a leap year starting on a Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

His position as authoritarian head of the provincial military regime in Balochistan, a separate entity set up by the central government in 1977 to stop secessionist rebellions within the province, allowed him to enjoy a phenomenally large amount of dictatorial power as Governor. He was made full General when he was appointed Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee in March 1984. After retirement both from the military and government in 1987, he holds the unique distinction that he also briefly served as the interim Governor of Sindh following the dismissal of the civilian Muhammad Khan Junejo government by the strongman President of Pakistan, General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, in May 1988. He resigned shortly after Ghulam Ishaq Khan, who became President after General Zia's death in a sabotage-induced air crash on August 17, attempted to limit the vast powers held by Governor Rahimuddin in favor of a more democratic system. The term authoritarian is used to describe an organization or a state which enforces strong and sometimes oppressive measures against the population, generally without attempts at gaining the consent of the population. ... Augusto Pinochet (sitting) was an army general who led a military coup in Chile in 1973. ... An entity is something that has a distinct, separate existence, though it need not be a material existence. ... Central government or the national government (or, in federal states, the federal government) is the government at the level of the nation state. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ... Secession is the act of withdrawing from an organization, union, or political entity. ... A rebellion is, in the most general sense, a refusal to accept authority. ... Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A dictatorship is an autocratic form of government in which the government is ruled by a dictator. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee of Pakistan is, in principle, the highest ranking military official in the country. ... 1984 is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Retirement is the point where a person stops employment. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Muhammad Khan Junejo, Prime Minister of Pakistan Muhammad Khan Junejo (Urdu: محمد خان جونیجو ) (born August 18, 1932 died 1992) was former Pakistani Prime Minister. ... A strongperson is a political leader who rules by force and runs an authoritarian regime. ... The President of Pakistan (UrdÅ«: صدر مملکت Sadr-e-Mamlikat) is Head of State of Pakistan. ... President General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (Urdu: محمد ضیاءالحق) (August 12, 1924–August 17, 1988) was the military ruler and later President of Pakistan from 1977 to 1988. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on a Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ghulam Ishaq Khan (abbreviated as GIK) (Urdu: غلام اسحاق خان) (January 20, 1915 - October 27, 2006) was President of Pakistan from August 17, 1988 until July 18, 1993. ... Most of this article is about heads of state. ... “Saboteur” redirects here. ... An aviation accident (as per the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board definition) is an occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight and all such persons have disembarked, and in which any person... August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Democracy describes a series of related forms of government. ...

General Rahimuddin is generally credited with the political stabilization of Balochistan during his authoritarian rule, having inherited widespread civil disorder in the province from the Zulfikar Ali Bhutto government of the 1970s. Rahimuddin's Stabilization of Balochistan, a process of indirect military action aimed at subduing the agitation, is one of the most enduring legacies he left behind. Shortly afterwards, Rahimuddin became well-known for his strict controlling of the influx of refugees into the province during the 1980s Soviet-Afghan War. He is also remembered for being appointed to be the judge of the special-court trial of Bangladesh founder Shaikh Mujibur Rahman in 1971, by then-President Yahya Khan, during the Bangladesh Liberation War. Politics is the process by which decisions are made within groups. ... Stabilization is a process to help prevent shock in sick or injured people. ... The term authoritarian is used to describe an organization or a state which enforces strong and sometimes oppressive measures against the population, generally without attempts at gaining the consent of the population. ... Civil disorder is a broad term that is typically used by law enforcement to describe one or more forms of disturbance caused by a group of people. ... Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (Urdu: ذوالفقار علی بھٹو, Sindhi: ذوالفقار علي ڀُٽو) (January 5, 1928 – April 4, 1979) was a Pakistani politician who served as the President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973 and as the Prime Minister from 1973 to 1977. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979. ... The Baloch Insurgency, were a series of secessionist rebellions in Balochistan, the largest province of Pakistan, from 1973 to 1976. ... For other uses of War, see War (disambiguation). ... A Soviet soldier on guard in Afghanistan in 1988. ... Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ( 1920 - August 15, 1975), born in Gopalganj, Bangladesh, was a Bengali nationalist leader in East Pakistan and first Prime Minister and President of independent Bangladesh. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday. ... Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan (February 4, 1917 – August 10, 1980) was the President of Pakistan from 1969 to 1971, following the resignation of Ayub Khan. ... Combatants Mukti Bahini India Aided By  Soviet Union Pakistan Aided By United States People’s Republic of China Commanders • General M A G Osmani • General Jagjit Singh Aurora • General Sam Manekshaw • General A. A. K. Niazi • General Tikka Khan Strength India: 500,000+ Mukti Bahini: 100,000[1][2] Pakistan...

General Rahimuddin Khan is the longest-serving Governor of Balochistan (1978 - 1984) to date (In 1985, however, Martial Law was lifted following Junejo becoming the Prime Minister of Pakistan. As Prime Minister, Junejo, and subsequently Benazir Bhutto, significantly reduced the despotic powers Rahimuddin had held as Governor, greatly reducing its status as an independent administrative body to an orthodox government post under the head of state). Additionally, he is the only man to hold all four posts of Corps Commander, Governor of Balochistan, Governor of Sindh, and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (having held the first two capacities in simultaneity) in the history of Pakistan. Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar). ... The Prime Minister of Pakistan (Urdu: وزیر اعظم Wazir-e- Azam) is the Head of Government of Pakistan. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Despotism is government by a singular authority, either a single person or tightly knit group, which rules with absolute power. ... Queen Elizabeth II, is the Head of State of 16 countries including: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Jamaica, New Zealand and the Bahamas, as well as crown colonies and overseas territories of the United Kingdom. ... The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee of Pakistan is, in principle, the highest ranking military official in the country. ... Simultaneity is the property of two events happening at the same time in at least ONE Reference frame. ... A relief map of Pakistan showing historic sites. ...

Early Military Career and Rise to Power

Born 21st July, 1926, in Kaimganj, United Provinces, India, Rahimuddin Khan migrated to Pakistan after the country's independence on the August 14, 1947. Rahimuddin had earlier developed close ties with the reformist Dr Zakir Hussain (who would go on to be the third President of India), and Zakir's brother and intellectual Mahmud Hussain. Shortly after migration to Pakistan, Rahimuddin enrolled in the Pakistan Army. He became Lieutenant on 20 October 1950, and before becoming a Major in 1957 was stationed at 1 Baluch Division from 1952 to 1954. (Redirected from 21st July) July 21 is the 202nd day (203rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 163 days remaining. ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... , Kaimganj is a city in Farrukhabad district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... United Provinces, 1903 A province of the British Raj, which corresponds to modern Uttar Pradesh state of India. ... August 14 is the 226th day of the year (227th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... Reformism (also called revisionism or revisionist theory) is the belief that gradual changes in a society can ultimately change its fundamental structures. ... This article is about Dr Zakir Hussain, the former Indian president. ... The President of India is the head of state and first citizen of India and the Supreme Commander of the Indian armed forces. ... An intellectual is one who tries to use his or her intellect to work, study, reflect, speculate on, or ask and answer questions with regard to a variety of different ideas. ... mtDNA-based chart of large human migrations. ... Pakistan Army Flag The Pakistan Army (Urdu: پاک فوج) is the largest branch of the Pakistan military, and is mainly responsible for protection of the state borders, the security of administered territories and defending the national interests of Pakistan within the framework of its international obligations. ... Lieutenant is a military, naval, paramilitary, fire service or police officer rank. ... October 20 is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Major is a military rank the use of which varies according to country. ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Selective Martial law was declared over Lahore in 1953, in response to civil unrest following anti-Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement agitations. Captain Rahimuddin was part of the military deployment heading the army takeover of Lahore, culminating in the arrest of Maulana Maududi. He ascended quickly to the higher ranks through the late 1950s to the early 1960s. He was injured during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 with a broken ankle, and was hospitalized. After his posting at School of Infantry TAC from 1966 to 1968, he became a Brigadier in 1970 due to a distinguished career service record. For other uses, see Martial law (disambiguation). ... Lahore (Urdu: لاہور, Punjabi: لہور, pronounced ) is the capital of the province of Punjab, and is the second most densely populated city in Pakistan. ... Civil disorder is a broad term that is typically used by law enforcement to describe one or more forms of disturbance. ... The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement, Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat-i-Islam (not to be confused with the Ahmadiyya Muslim Association), formed as a result of an ideological differences[1] between the Ahmadiyya Community (also known among some Muslim groups as Qadianism), after the demise Maulawi Nur ud-Din in 1914, the first... Captain is a rank or title with various meanings. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi (سيد أبو الأعلى المودودي, alternative spelling Syed Maudoodi; often referred to as Maulana Maududi) (1903-1979) was one of the most influential Muslim theologians of the 20th century and the founder of Jamaat-e-Islami (Islamic Party), an Islamic political party in Pakistan. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ... Combatants India Pakistan Commanders Gen J N Chaudhuri, Lt Gen Harbakhsh Singh Field Marshal Ayub Khan, Gen Musa Khan Casualties 3,264 killed[1] 8,623 wounded[1] (From July to ceasefire) 3,800[2] - 6,917 killed[3] (17 day period alone) 4,000 - 7,000 killed/ captured[4... Infantry of the Royal Irish Rifles during the Battle of the Somme in World War I. Infantry are soldiers who fight primarily on foot with small arms in organized military units, though they may be transported to the battlefield by horses, ships, automobiles, skis, bicycles, or other means. ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the 1968 Gregorian calendar. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ...

Judge of Shaikh Mujib's Trial

After having suffered a large-scale defeat at the hands of neighboring India in the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War, the then-President of Pakistan Yahya Khan appointed Brigadier Rahimuddin Khan to be the judge of the special-court trial of Bengali leader Shaikh Mujibur Rahman, to take place in Faisalabad. Mujib, who would later become a founding leader of Bangladesh, had been arrested by West Pakistan troops (under President Yahya's orders) for charges of sparking widespread civil disorder in what was then East Pakistan. The court proceedings were never made public, although it is generally believed that the verdict Brigadier Rahimuddin sentenced Mujib to was the death sentence. (Redirected from 1971 Indo-Pakistani War) The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military conflict between India and Pakistan. ... The President of Pakistan (Urdū: صدر مملکت Sadr-e-Mamlikat) is Head of State of Pakistan. ... Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan (February 4, 1917 – August 10, 1980) was the President of Pakistan from 1969 to 1971, following the resignation of Ayub Khan. ... Brigadier (IPA pronunciation: ) is a military rank, the meaning of which has a considerable variation. ... The Bengali people are the ethnic community from Bengal (divided between India and Bangladesh) on the Indian subcontinent with a history dating back four millennia. ... The word leadership can refer to: the process of leading. ... Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ( 1920 - August 15, 1975), born in Gopalganj, Bangladesh, was a Bengali nationalist leader in East Pakistan and first Prime Minister and President of independent Bangladesh. ... Faisalabad Sada (Urdu: فیصل آباد) is located in Punjab, Pakistan. ... West Pakistan was the popular and sometimes official (1955–1970) name of the western wing of Pakistan until 1971, when the eastern wing (East Pakistan) became independent as Bangladesh. ... Civil disorder is a broad term that is typically used by law enforcement to describe one or more forms of disturbance caused by a group of people. ... East Pakistan was a former province of Pakistan which existed between 1955 and 1971. ... In law, a verdict indicates the judgment of a case before a court of law. ... Capital punishment, also referred to as the death penalty, is the judicially ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a serious crime, often called a capital offense or a capital crime. ...

On November 23, 2005, retired Brigadier A.R. Siddiqi, commenting on his latest book on the fall of East Pakistan, wrote-: November 23 is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 38 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... East Pakistan was a former province of Pakistan which existed between 1955 and 1971. ...

Brigadier Rahimuddin conclusively awarded Mujib the death sentence, which was put in abeyance by Yahya Khan. However, Yahya's successor as Pakistani head of state, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, in his efforts to recognize the new state of Bangladesh, decided to rescind the verdict. Mujib was freed from Pakistani imprisonment in February, 1972. This led to a falling out between Bhutto and Rahimuddin. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday. ... Capital punishment, also referred to as the death penalty, is the judicially ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a serious crime, often called a capital offense or a capital crime. ... Queen Elizabeth II, is the Head of State of 16 countries including: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Jamaica, New Zealand and the Bahamas, as well as crown colonies and overseas territories of the United Kingdom. ... Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (Urdu: ذوالفقار علی بھٹو, Sindhi: ذوالفقار علي ڀُٽو) (January 5, 1928 – April 4, 1979) was a Pakistani politician who served as the President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973 and as the Prime Minister from 1973 to 1977. ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

On January 8, 1975, Rahimuddin was promoted to the rank of Major General, before being made Lieutenant General in 1976. January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Insignia of a United States Air Force Major General German Generalmajor Insignia Major General is a military rank used in many countries. ... Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. ... Year 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the 1976 Gregorian calendar. ...

Appointment and Reign as Martial Law Governor of Balochistan

By the mid-1970s, the increasingly autocratic Zulfikar Ali Bhutto-headed Pakistan People's Party government was in a violent deadlock with the opposing political party coalition, the Pakistan National Alliance. After widespread civil disorder, Chief of Army Staff General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq overthrew Bhutto's government in a bloodless coup on July 5, 1977. Nearly all of the administrative posts that had been held by members of the Bhutto government were vacated or dissolved, and Lieutenant General Rahimuddin Khan was appointed Martial Law Administrator of Balochistan, Pakistan's largest province. Following the resignation of Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry from the post of President of Pakistan on September 16, 1978, the provincial governorship of the province was simultaneously vacated by the Bhutto-appointed civilian Khuda Baksh Marri, and Rahimuddin assumed the post of Governor. The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979. ... Autocracy is a form of government where unlimited power is held by a single individual. ... The Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) is a mainstream political party in Pakistan. ... Political parties Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A political party is a political organization that seeks to attain political power within a government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns. ... The Pakistan National Alliance was a nine-party alliance in Pakistan, formed in 1977 to overthrow the rule of Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the first elected leader of that country. ... Civil disorder is a broad term that is typically used by law enforcement to describe one or more forms of disturbance caused by a group of people. ... Chief of Army Staff of Indian Army is the highest post in the Indian Army ... President General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (Urdu: محمد ضیاءالحق) (August 12, 1924–August 17, 1988) was the military ruler and later President of Pakistan from 1977 to 1988. ... A coup détat (pronounced ), or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government against the volonté générale formed by the majority of the citizen, usually done by a smaller supposedly weaker body that just replaces the top power figures. ... is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ... Martial Law Administrator is a head of the military governments normally overtaking the elected govenments with different purposes. ... A province is a territorial unit, almost always a country subdivision. ... Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry (Urdu: فضل الہی چودھری) (January 1, 1904 - June 2, 1982) was President of Pakistan from August 14, 1973 until his resignation on September 16, 1978. ... The President of Pakistan (UrdÅ«: صدر مملکت Sadr-e-Mamlikat) is Head of State of Pakistan. ... // 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr declared Prince of Wales by his followers. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ...

Since he had inherited a chaotic and unstable Balochistan from the Bhutto era, General Zia set up an independent military regime within the province, with Lieutenant General Rahimuddin Khan as Governor, a post that gave Rahimuddin carte blanche over all state matters related to the province, and thus a phenomenally large amount of power for a provincial Governor. Having been appointed the head of an independent absolutist military dictatorship, Rahimuddin would implement administrative and legislative action virtually independently of the central government. Augusto Pinochet (sitting) was an army general who led a military coup in Chile in 1973. ... Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. ... Diners Club International, originally founded as Diners Club, was formed in 1950 by Frank X. McNamara, Ralph Schneider and Alfred Bloomingdale. ... The term absolutism can mean: A belief in absolute truth moral absolutism, the belief that there is some absolute standard of right and wrong political absolutism, a political system where one person holds absolute power, also called apolytarchy from Gr. ... General Augusto Pinochet (sitting) as head of the newly established military junta in Chile, September 1973. ... Central government or the national government (or, in federal states, the federal government) is the government at the level of the nation state. ...

Under Rahimuddin's reign, the province of Balochistan witnessed a period of stabilization which is without precedent in the history of Pakistan. This is widely considered to be due to Rahimuddin's completely isolating feudal families from provincial policy. Also, Rahimuddin used iron-fisted military tactics to subdue areas where armed uprisings were yet to take place. This garnered him much controversy, as many provincial authorities argued that the issues of Balochistan were too sensitive to be handled so forcefully. Despite the naysayers, no civil disobedience or anti-government movements effectively took place throughout Rahimuddin's authoritative rule. Stabilization is a process to help prevent shock in sick or injured people. ... For the Wikipedia policy regarding controversial issues in articles, see Wikipedia:Guidelines for controversial articles. ... Anti-war activist Midge Potts is arrested for civil disobedience on the steps of the Supreme Court of the United States on February 9, 2005. ...

General Rahimuddin pointedly ignored the more prominent feudal families of Balochistan from interfering in the major provincial affairs, Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti (who attempted a Baloch uprising as recently as 2005) and Sardar Ataullah Mengal among them. Indeed, not a single political statement was released by any feudal family patriarch during his reign (the length of which is without precedent). Prominent feudal lords, Ataullah Mengal and Khair Baksh Marri among them, left the country and stayed abroad, to come back only after Rahimuddin's retirement from the post. Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti Sardar Akbar Shahbaz Khan Bugti is the Tumandar (head) a section of the Bugti tribe, and leader armed resistance against the Pakistan Army & Government, operating in the Dera Bugti retion of Balochistan, Pakistan. ... The Baloch (Persian: بلوچ alternative transliterations Baluch, Balouch, Balooch, Balush, Balosh, Baloosh, Baloush et al. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sardar Ataullah Mengal Sardar Ataullah Mengal (a. ... Sardar Ataullah Mengal Sardar Ataullah Mengal (a. ... Retirement is the point where a person stops employment. ...

Controlling Soviet-Afghan War Refugees

While the Zia government fought a war in Afghanistan against the Soviet Union by proxy (during the Soviet-Afghan War), thousands of Afghan refugees crossed the border to neighboring Pakistan. This would have highly negative long-term effects on the nation's economy and society. With the large-scale migration of the Afghans, advanced weaponry and hard narcotics that were easily available in Afghanistan started becoming common in Pakistan. Despite many calls on him by the central government to accommodate the refugees in a civil way, General Rahimuddin set up tightly-controlled barbed wire military camps to stagnate any movement of the refugees within his province throughout the duration of the Soviet-Afghan War. In retrospect, this prevented drugs and weaponry from infiltrating Balochistan, despite becoming widespread in several other areas of Pakistan under General Zia's rule. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was a 10-year war which wreaked incredible havoc and destruction on Afghanistan. ... Young people interacting within an ethnically diverse society. ... mtDNA-based chart of large human migrations. ... A weapon is a tool used to kill or incapacitate a person or animal, or destroy a military target. ... The term narcotic, derived from the Greek word for stupor, originally referred to a variety of substances that induced sleep (such state is narcosis). ... Central government or the national government (or, in federal states, the federal government) is the government at the level of the nation state. ... A selection of forms of barbed wire. ... The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was a 10-year war which wreaked incredible havoc and destruction on Afghanistan. ...

The Al-Zulfikar Terrorist Airplane Hijack

In 1981, a terrorist organization named Al-Zulfiqar (led by Murtaza Bhutto), hijacked a Pakistan International Airlines airplane going to Kabul and threatened to murder a hostage a day if General Zia-ul-Haq did not accept their demands, which most importantly consisted of the release of political prisoners. General Zia refused, prompting Al-Zulfikar to shoot dead Captain Tariq Rahim, a man they mistakenly believed to be the son of General Rahimuddin Khan. Ironically, Captain Tariq, who bore no relation to General Rahimuddin, was in fact a former Aide de Camp to the deposed Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, whose death drove his son Murtaza to form Al-Zulfikar and destabilize the country. Despite General Rahimuddin's characteristic stand against any concessions to the terrorists, General Zia released the political prisoners and famously commented on the situation, "We have thrown out the bad eggs and saved innocent lives." Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... ... Al-Zulfiqar was a leftist insurgency and terrorist organization of Pakistan, most active in the 1980s and disbanded in 1996. ... Murtaza Bhutto Murtaza Bhutto (September 18, 1954 - September 20, 1996) was a Pakistani politician. ... Pakistan International Airlines or PIA (Urdu: پی آئی اے or پاکستان انٹرنیشنل ایرلاینز), is the national flag carrier of Pakistan operating passenger and cargo services around the world. ... Fixed-wing aircraft is a term used to refer to what are more commonly known as aeroplanes in Commonwealth English (excluding Canada) or airplanes in North American English. ... For other places with the same name, see Kabul (disambiguation). ... A political prisoner is anyone held in prison or otherwise detained, perhaps under house arrest, because their ideas or image either challenge or pose a real or potential threat to the state. ... A prime minister is the most senior minister of a cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (Urdu: ذوالفقار علی بھٹو, Sindhi: ذوالفقار علي ڀُٽو) (January 5, 1928 – April 4, 1979) was a Pakistani politician who served as the President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973 and as the Prime Minister from 1973 to 1977. ...

Reign as Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee

After his service as Martial Law Governor of Balochistan during the crucial stages of the Mujahideen movement in Afghanistan, Lieutenant General Rahimuddin Khan was promoted to the rank of full General in March 1984, and was appointed Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. He completed his three year term in March 1987 and formally retired from the Pakistan Army and simultaneously the military government (this retirement was not final, however, as he would later serve as interim Governor of Sindh in the government of Ghulam Ishaq Khan). His successor was the kleptocratic General Akhtar Abdur Rahman, the long serving Director-General of the country's premier intelligence agency, Inter-Services Intelligence. For other uses, see Martial law (disambiguation). ... Mujahideen (Arabic: , ; Turkish: , literally strugglers) is a term for Muslims fighting in a war or involved in any other struggle. ... Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... 1984 is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... In March 1976, the Government of Pakistan adopted the recommendations of the White Paper on Higher Defence Reorganization. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Pakistan Army Flag The Pakistan Army (Urdu: پاک فوج) is the largest branch of the Pakistan military, and is mainly responsible for protection of the state borders, the security of administered territories and defending the national interests of Pakistan within the framework of its international obligations. ... A military government is a form of government wherein the political power resides within the military and may either refer to a military dictatorship or to the government installed by a foreign power during belligerent occupation. ... Ghulam Ishaq Khan (abbreviated as GIK) (Urdu: غلام اسحاق خان) (January 20, 1915 - October 27, 2006) was President of Pakistan from August 17, 1988 until July 18, 1993. ... Kleptocracy (sometimes Cleptocracy) (root: Klepto+cracy = rule by thieves) is a pejorative, informal term for a government so corrupt that no pretense of honesty remains. ... Akhtar Abdur Rahman General Akhtar Abdur Rahman (Urdu: اختر عبد الرحمن) was the Director of Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of Pakistan during the 1980s and was the mastermind behind the Afghan Jihad against the Soviet Union with the support of USA. He was a close friend of CIA chief William Casey. ... The Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence (also Inter-Services Intelligence or ISI) is the among the top well organised,resourceful,largest and most powerful intelligence service in the world. ...

Reign as Governor of Sindh

The relationship between General Zia-ul-Haq and his 1985-appointed, hand-picked Prime Minister Muhammad Khan Junejo started to become increasingly strained. Finally, in May 1988, Zia sacked Junejo's government on several charges (including blatant corruption and flagrant nepotism). In a surprise move, Zia then called for elections to be held in November 1988. Due to his previously successful record as provincial] Governor, General Rahimuddin was persuaded out of retirement to form the caretaker government as interim Governor of Sindh. Despite having scheduled elections in November, Rahimuddin was sworn in till 1990 as a political power move by the military government, to ensure significant leverage over the future civilian victors of the elections. General Rahimuddin quickly established himself administratively; dismissing highly influential members of Sindh's provincial government widely considered to be corrupt, including the head of the Karachi Development Authority mega-corporation, Z.A. Nizami. Gen. ... Year 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar). ... Muhammad Khan Junejo, Prime Minister of Pakistan Muhammad Khan Junejo (Urdu: محمد خان جونیجو ) (born August 18, 1932 died 1992) was former Pakistani Prime Minister. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on a Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) is a leap year starting on a Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Retirement is the point where a person stops employment. ... A caretaker is a term mainly used in the United Kingdom, meaning a concierge or janitor. ... Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ... Political power (imperium in Latin) is a type of power held by a person or group in a society. ... A military government is a form of government wherein the political power resides within the military and may either refer to a military dictatorship or to the government installed by a foreign power during belligerent occupation. ... Karachi Development Authority (KDA) was established to develop Karachi under master plans. ...

However, the regime's power structure was drastically altered after a C-130 Hercules airplane with General Zia-ul-Haq and several other senior-most generals onboard fatally exploded in mid-air after it took off from the city of Bahawalpur. General Mirza Aslam Beg became the new Chief of Army Staff and Finance Minister Ghulam Ishaq Khan became the new President of Pakistan. General Zia's death ended the eleven-year military dictatorship. Pakistan was now clear for a return to democracy. With the forecasted winners of the November elections being Benazir Bhutto, Ghulam Ishaq Khan started to gradually restructure the offices of the interim government so as to more suit a democratic system once it took over. The Lockheed C-130 Hercules is a four-engine turboprop cargo aircraft and the main tactical airlifter for many military forces worldwide. ... Fixed-wing aircraft is a term used to refer to what are more commonly known as aeroplanes in Commonwealth English (excluding Canada) or airplanes in North American English. ... Bahawalpur (also Bhawalpur, Bhawulpore) (Urdu: بہاولپور ) is a city of (1998 pop. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Chief of Army Staff of Indian Army is the highest post in the Indian Army ... Ghulam Ishaq Khan (abbreviated as GIK) (Urdu: غلام اسحاق خان) (January 20, 1915 - October 27, 2006) was President of Pakistan from August 17, 1988 until July 18, 1993. ... The President of Pakistan (Urdū: صدر مملکت Sadr-e-Mamlikat) is Head of State of Pakistan. ... General Augusto Pinochet (sitting) as head of the newly established military junta in Chile, September 1973. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Retirement

One of Ishaq's first decisions as acting President was to move for the creation the new position of Chief Minister of Sindh. This was to greatly reduce the powers of the Governor, and Rahimuddin, who had enjoyed absolute authority over Balochistan (and subsequently Sindh) for so long, gradually fell out with the President. General Rahimuddin quietly resigned as interim Governor of Sindh, before the Chief Minister position could come into effect. Benazir Bhutto would later go on to win the November elections (which were held as planned despite the plane crash) and significantly reduced the despotic powers Rahimuddin had held as Governor, greatly reducing its status as an independent administrative body to an orthodox government post under the head of state. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Capt. ... Despotism is government by a singular authority, either a single person or tightly knit group, which rules with absolute power. ... Queen Elizabeth II, is the Head of State of 16 countries including: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Jamaica, New Zealand and the Bahamas, as well as crown colonies and overseas territories of the United Kingdom. ...

Rahimuddin retired from the Pakistan Army in 1987, before formally retiring from the government after his resignation from the post of Governor of Sindh, holding the Nishan-e-Imtiaz and Sitara-e-Basalat. He now resides in Rawalpindi with his wife Saqiba, an established Urdu author and niece of intellectual and third President of India, Dr Zakir Hussain. Pakistan Army Flag The Pakistan Army (Urdu: پاک فوج) is the largest branch of the Pakistan military, and is mainly responsible for protection of the state borders, the security of administered territories and defending the national interests of Pakistan within the framework of its international obligations. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A resignation is the formal act of giving up ones office or position. ... Sindh (Sindhī: سنڌ, Urdū: سندھ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. ... Rawalpindi (Urdu: راولپنڈی) is a city in the Potwar Plateau near Pakistans capital city of Islamabad, in the province of Punjab. ... (, historically spelled Ordu), is an Middle Eastern-Aryan language. ... An intellectual is one who tries to use his or her intellect to work, study, reflect, speculate on, or ask and answer questions with regard to a variety of different ideas. ... The President of India is the head of state and first citizen of India and the Supreme Commander of the Indian armed forces. ... Dr Zakir Husain (February 8, 1897 - May 3, 1969) was the third President of India from May 13, 1967 until his death. ...

Controversy over Authoritarianism and Views

General Rahimuddin Khan's two tenures as Governor, particularly during his time as Martial Law Administrator of Balochistan, remain controversial. After the secession of Bangladesh in 1971, many were of the feeling that provincial civil disobedience could not be subdued through authoritarian government. Rahimuddin's appointment as Governor and Martial Law Administrator was seen with criticism, with the country's liberal politicians often stating that the central government, headed by General Zia-ul-Haq's military dictatorship, had disinterestedly let Rahimuddin assume unprecedented political power. Inarguably, Rahimuddin did enjoy absolute power concentration over Pakistan's largest province, Balochistan, for an unprecendentedly long period. Martial Law Administrator is a head of the military governments normally overtaking the elected govenments with different purposes. ... A controversy is a contentious dispute, a disagreement over which parties are actively arguing. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday. ... Anti-war activist Midge Potts is arrested for civil disobedience on the steps of the Supreme Court of the United States on February 9, 2005. ... The term authoritarian is used to describe an organization or a state which enforces strong and sometimes oppressive measures against the population, generally without attempts at gaining the consent of the population. ... Look up liberal on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Liberal may refer to: Politics: Liberalism American liberalism, a political trend in the USA Political progressivism, a political ideology that is for change, often associated with liberal movements Liberty, the condition of being free from control or restrictions Liberal Party, members of... A politician is an individual involved in politics, sometimes this may include political scientists. ... Central government or the national government (or, in federal states, the federal government) is the government at the level of the nation state. ... Gen. ... General Augusto Pinochet (sitting) as head of the newly established military junta in Chile, September 1973. ... Political power (imperium in Latin) is a type of power held by a person or group in a society. ... A province is a territorial unit, almost always a country subdivision. ...

The opinion of the international media was that the sectarian and ethnic violence plaguing Pakistan was to be handled in a sensitive and grassroots manner. General Rahimuddin's rule, however, was characterized with indirect military action that stabilized the Baloch insurgency, a move that was criticized by many. Despite this, his reign had met approval earlier in 1978 with the declaration of an amnesty for those prepared to give up arms. His refusal to organize and preside over a political cabinet for the duration of his rule over Balochistan influenced many to denounce his overly despotic style of government. This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Sectarianism is an adherence to a particular sect or party or denomination, it also usually involves a rejection of those not a member of ones sect. ... 15:40, 25 January 2007 (UTC)168. ... For other uses of War, see War (disambiguation). ... The Baloch (Persian: بلوچ alternative transliterations Baluch, Balouch, Balooch, Balush, Balosh, Baloosh, Baloush et al. ... The US government and media was using the term insurgent as early as 1899 to describe rebels during the Philippine-American War, here Filipinos described as insurgents at the time lie in a trench after being executed by US forces. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... Look up Amnesty in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Alternate meanings in cabinet (disambiguation) A Cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of government, typically representing the executive branch. ...

Rahimuddin Khan was, during his tenure as Governor, a vocal critic of the central government's handling of the Soviet-Afghan War, stating the influx of narcotics and advanced weaponry that would become a consequence of the accommodation of Afghan refugees. Due to his administrative independence, General Rahimuddin, in contrast to the rest of the provinces, set up barbed-wire camps throughout the province of Balochistan. This action, beneficial in retrospect, was met with scepticism amongst the other military members of the cabinet. Despite this, he is mostly respected by Pakistan's conservative elements to the present day, despite his controversially authoritarian style of government. The current President of Pakistan, General Pervez Musharraf, has also stated his admiration for the general on several counts. Central government or the national government (or, in federal states, the federal government) is the government at the level of the nation state. ... The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was a 10-year war which wreaked incredible havoc and destruction on Afghanistan. ... The term narcotic, derived from the Greek word for stupor, originally referred to a variety of substances that induced sleep (such state is narcosis). ... A weapon is a tool used to kill or incapacitate a person or animal, or destroy a military target. ... Accommodation is a theological principle linked to divine revelation within the Christian church. ... This article deals with conservatism as a political philosophy. ... The term authoritarian is used to describe an organization or a state which enforces strong and sometimes oppressive measures against the population, generally without attempts at gaining the consent of the population. ... The President of Pakistan (Urdū: صدر مملکت Sadr-e-Mamlikat) is Head of State of Pakistan. ... Pervez Musharraf (Urdu: پرويز مشرف) (born August 10, 1943), is the President of Pakistan, the Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army and the fourth Pakistani General to govern the country in the wake of a coup. ...

Legacy

Rahimuddin's reign as Governor of Balochistan saw the first direct suppression of feudal families in the history of Pakistan. No Governor, before or after, has had the political power, to defy the feudal forces within the province. He also credited with the stabilization of Balochistan, due to his stopping the secession-threatening insurgency of the 1970s. Although major fighting had broken down by the time he had taken power, ideological schisms caused splinter groups to form and steadily gain momentum. Despite the overthrow of the Bhutto government in 1977 by General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, calls for secession and widespread civil disobedience remained. The provincial government under the famously authoritarian Rahimuddin began to act as a separate entity and military regime independent of the central government, allowing Rahimuddin to be the dictatorial head of the province. Political power (imperium in Latin) is a type of power held by a person or group in a society. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The US government and media was using the term insurgent as early as 1899 to describe rebels during the Philippine-American War, here Filipinos described as insurgents at the time lie in a trench after being executed by US forces. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979. ... An ideology is a collection of ideas. ... The word schism (IPA: or ), from the Greek σχίσμα, skhísma (from σχίζω, skhízō, to tear, to split), means a division or a split, usually in an organization or a movement. ... The word schism (IPA: or ), from the Greek σχίσμα, skhísma (from σχίζω, skhízō, to tear, to split), means a division or a split, usually in an organization or a movement. ... In classical mechanics, momentum (pl. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ... President General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (Urdu: محمد ضیاءالحق) (August 12, 1924–August 17, 1988) was the military ruler and later President of Pakistan from 1977 to 1988. ... Anti-war activist Midge Potts is arrested for civil disobedience on the steps of the Supreme Court of the United States on February 9, 2005. ... Provincial has several meanings and may refer to: Provincial examinations: Bi-annual province-wide examinations for students between the grades of 10 to 12 in the province of British Columbia Anything related to a province, a formal geographical division; Anything related to the provinces, the parts of a country outside... The term authoritarian is used to describe an organization or a state which enforces strong and sometimes oppressive measures against the population, generally without attempts at gaining the consent of the population. ... An entity is something that has a distinct, separate existence, though it need not be a material existence. ... Augusto Pinochet (sitting) was an army general who led a military coup in Chile in 1973. ... Central government or the national government (or, in federal states, the federal government) is the government at the level of the nation state. ...

Both General Zia-ul-Haq and General Rahimuddin Khan supported the declaration of a general amnesty in Balochistan to those willing to give up arms. Rahimuddin then purposefully isolated feudal leaders such as Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti and Ataullah Mengal from provincial policy. He also put down all civil disobedience movements (mostly through indirect military action) effectively leading to unprecedented social stability within the province. Due to Martial Law, his reign was the longest in the military history of Pakistan. Look up Amnesty in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti Sardar Akbar Shahbaz Khan Bugti is the Tumandar (head) a section of the Bugti tribe, and leader armed resistance against the Pakistan Army & Government, operating in the Dera Bugti retion of Balochistan, Pakistan. ... Sardar Ataullah Mengal Sardar Ataullah Mengal (a. ... Anti-war activist Midge Potts is arrested for civil disobedience on the steps of the Supreme Court of the United States on February 9, 2005. ... For other uses of War, see War (disambiguation). ... Branches of Service Pakistan Army Pakistan Air Force Pakistan Navy Pakistan Coast Guard Pakistan Paramilitary Forces Leadership Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff General Ehsan ul Haq Chief of Army Staff General Pervez Musharraf Chief of Air Staff Air Chief Marshal Tanvir Ahmed Chief of Naval Staff Admiral Afzal Tahir...

Also, it should be noted that one of Rahimuddin's main and often overlooked achievements in the province was the prevention of an influx of drugs and weapons (due to Afghan refugees migrating to Pakistan during the 1980s Soviet-Afghan War) that had plagued many other parts of the country during Zia's rule. Rahimuddin did this by keeping the Afghan mercenaries and refugees in tightly-controlled military camps. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was a 10-year war which wreaked incredible havoc and destruction on Afghanistan. ... Mercenary (disambiguation). ...

After Rahimuddin's retirement, civil unrest has continued to grow in the province. Attempted uprisings have taken place as recently as 2005, with civil disobedience movements lasting throughout the 1990s. 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Anti-war activist Midge Potts is arrested for civil disobedience on the steps of the Supreme Court of the United States on February 9, 2005. ... For the band, see 1990s (band). ...

Books and References

• Endgame: East Pakistan; An Onlooker's Journal by Brigadier A.R. Siddiqui
• Breaking the Curfew by Emma Duncan
• Working with Zia by Khalid Mahmud Arif
• Khaki Shadows by Khalid Mahmud Arif
• Journey to Disillusionment by Sherbaz Mazari
• The Terrorist Prince by Raja Anwar

See also

• Baloch Insurgency and Rahimuddin's Stabilization
• Bangladesh Liberation War
• Soviet-Afghan War
• Military history of Pakistan
• Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization
• History of Balochistan
• Military dictatorship