For the song by Yes, see Roundabout (song)

A roundabout or rotary is a type of road junction (or traffic calming device) at which traffic streams around a central island, after first yielding (giving way) to the circulating traffic. In the United States it is technically called a "modern roundabout", to emphasize the distinction from the older, larger type of traffic circle. Roundabouts are statistically safer than both traffic circles and traditional intersections, though they do not cope as well with the traffic on motorways or similar fast roads. In the West Midlands of England, roundabouts are commonly called islands. Roundabout is the track which opens the 1971 album Fragile produced by British progressive rock band Yes. ... Image File history File links Zeichen_215. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... In the field of road transport, a road junction is a place where two or more roads either meet or cross. ... Traffic calming is a set of strategies used by urban planners and traffic engineers which aim to slow down or reduce traffic, thereby improving safety for pedestrians and bicyclists as well as improving the amenity of the street for residents and visitors. ... Nighttime traffic captured by a camera over several seconds. ... Columbus Circle, New York City, NY; site of the first traffic circle in the United States completed in 1905 DeSoto Fountain sits in the center of a traffic circle in the city of Coral Gables, Florida. ... Motorway symbol in UK, France and Ireland. ... // The West Midlands is an area of central England. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification  -  by Athelstan 967  Area...

Difference between roundabouts and traffic circles

Roundabouts are sometimes referred to as "traffic circles", but a technical distinction was made in some jurisdictions between roundabouts and traffic circles in the mid-1960s. Starting in that decade, research in the United Kingdom found that circular intersections with certain geometric characteristics and traffic control schemes tended to be safer than those without them. The key differences are: Columbus Circle, New York City, NY; site of the first traffic circle in the United States completed in 1905 DeSoto Fountain sits in the center of a traffic circle in the city of Coral Gables, Florida. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ...

In the United Kingdom the term 'traffic circle' is not used, and all types are known as roundabouts (but see mini-roundabouts and magic roundabouts below). In the United States, circular intersections that meet the design standards shown in the table above are termed "modern roundabouts," to distinguish them from older rotaries or traffic circles. In Massachusetts, rotaries are nearly always built to the standards of a British roundabout, and a "roundabout" refers to an especially small rotary with crosswalks, between high-traffic roads.^[1] Official language(s) English Capital Boston Largest city Boston Area  Ranked 44th  - Total 10,555 sq mi (27,360 km²)  - Width 183 miles (295 km)  - Length 113 miles (182 km)  - % water 13. ...

History and safety

A diagram of movement within a roundabout in a country where traffic drives on the left.

The first modern roundabout was constructed in Paris around the Arc de Triomphe in 1901, closely followed by Columbus Circle in New York City in 1904. The first British roundabout was five years later, in Letchworth Garden City in 1909 - originally intended partly as a traffic island for pedestrians^[2]. However, the widespread use of roundabouts began when British engineers re-engineered the traffic circle in the mid-1960s to overcome its limitations of capacity and for safety issues. Unlike traffic circles, roundabouts operate with yield control to give priority to circulating traffic and eliminate much of the driver confusion associated with traffic circles and driver wait associated with junctions that have traffic lights. Roughly the same size as signalled intersections with the same capacity, roundabouts also are significantly smaller in diameter than traffic circles, separate incoming and outgoing traffic with pedestrian islands and therefore encourage slower and safer speeds (see traffic calming). Representation of a UK roundabout (with cars giving way and indicating) - originally created by Mintguy, prettified by Fredrik. ... Representation of a UK roundabout (with cars giving way and indicating) - originally created by Mintguy, prettified by Fredrik. ...  drive on right  drive on left Traffic going in opposite directions should be separated in such a way that they do not block each others way. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Paris Eiffel tower as seen from the esplanade du Trocadéro. ... Arc de Triomphe The Arc de Triomphe is a monument in Paris that stands in the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle, formerly the Place de lÉtoile, at the western end of the Champs-Élysées. ... 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Columbus Circle Columbus Circle is a major landmark and point of attraction in New York City. ... New York, NY redirects here. ... Arms of Letchworth Urban District Council Letchworth, officially Letchworth Garden City, is a town in Hertfordshire, England. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ... Nighttime traffic captured by a camera over several seconds. ... In the field of road transport, a road junction is a place where two or more roads either meet or cross. ... Traffic lights can have several additional lights for filter turns or bus lanes. ... A refuge island, also known as a pedestrian refuge or pedestrian island, is a small section of pavement or sidewalk, completely surrounded by asphalt or other road materials, where pedestrians can stop before finishing crossing a road. ... Traffic calming is a set of strategies used by urban planners and traffic engineers which aim to slow down or reduce traffic, thereby improving safety for pedestrians and bicyclists as well as improving the amenity of the street for residents and visitors. ...

Roundabouts are safer than both traffic circles and traditional intersections—having 40% fewer vehicle collisions, 80% fewer injuries and 90% fewer serious injuries and fatalities (according to a study of a sampling of roundabouts in the United States, compared with the intersections they replaced). Roundabouts also reduce points of conflict between pedestrians and motor vehicles and are therefore considered to be safer for them. However, roundabouts, especially large fast moving ones, are unpopular with some cyclists. This problem is sometimes handled on larger roundabouts by taking foot and bicycle traffic through a series of underpasses. An underground pedestrian tunnel between buildings at MIT. Note the utility pipes running along the ceiling. ...

In addition to improved vehicle and pedestrian safety, and in spite of lower speeds, roundabouts dramatically outperform traffic circles in terms of vehicle throughput and, because a roundabout's circular traffic is always moving, they outperform ordinary junctions with traffic signals as well.

However, owing to the fact that vehicle traffic must yield instead of stop, and change lanes at speed on the roundabout, there are serious safety concerns for bicyclists who cycle alongside the road. Designs that have marked perimeter cycle lanes are found by research data to be even less safe than those without them. Cycle lanes on a roundabout in Newbury, Berkshire. ... Cycle lanes on a roundabout in Newbury, Berkshire. ...

If the adjacent cross-walks are not properly designed, there are increased risks for persons with visual impairments, because of the speed at which traffic exits the roundabout. This issue has led to a conflict in the United States between the visually impaired and civil engineering communities; the visually impaired have taken the position that roundabouts (rather than signal-controlled crossings) are acceptable only if there are pedestrian crossings with lights at each road connecting to a roundabout. Although such crossings would reduce the possibility that a blind pedestrian might be run over by vehicles entering or exiting the roundabout at unsafe speeds, they would also increase the cost of a roundabout and decrease its throughput. The Falkirk Wheel in Scotland. ... Blindness is the condition of lacking visual perception due to physiological or psychological factors. ...

A major signal-controlled roundabout in Bristol, England. The traffic drives on the left.

In addition, roundabouts do not cope well with the traffic on motorways or similar roads, leading to long queues. Britain's strategic road network has many isolated roundabouts on otherwise almost motorway-like roads (for example, A1/A421) and even on a few motorways (for example, the A601(M), A627(M), and M271 have roundabouts on the main line). Some of these roundabouts, as well as other busy roundabouts, have had traffic lights added and are termed "signal controlled roundabouts". Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1800x1246, 836 KB) A major roundabout at Old Market, Bristol, England, photographed from a tethered passenger balloon at 500 feet. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1800x1246, 836 KB) A major roundabout at Old Market, Bristol, England, photographed from a tethered passenger balloon at 500 feet. ... View from Cumberland Basin of the Clifton Suspension Bridge and the Avon Gorge Bristol (IPA: ) is a city, unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, 115 miles (185 km) west of London. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification  -  by Athelstan 967  Area... The A601(M) is a two-way spur of the M6 in Lancashire. ... The A627(M) is a motorway that runs between Rochdale and Oldham in Greater Manchester. ... The M271 is a short motorway in southern England, near the city of Southampton. ...

Roundabouts are not suitable for junctions where the exits suffer from traffic congestion. Congestion on one exit commonly blocks a roundabout and spreads to all entering directions. The roundabout of Kwai Tsing Interchange in Hong Kong was replaced by a large box junction with traffic lights after recurring area traffic congestion when numerous container trucks journeyed to Kwai Chung Container Port after a typhoon. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Kwai Tsing Interchange (葵青交匯處) is a road interchange on Kwai Fong in Hong Kong, between the southern industrial area in Kwai Fong and Kwai Chung Park. ... A box junction is a traffic control measure designed to prevent gridlock at busy road junctions. ... Traffic lights can have several additional lights for filter turns or bus lanes. ... Kwai Tsing Container Terminals is the main port facilities in the reclamation along Rambler Channel between Kwai Chung and Tsing Yi Island, Hong Kong. ... Cyclone Catarina, a rare South Atlantic tropical cyclone viewed from the International Space Station on March 26, 2004. ...

Types of roundabout

Large roundabouts such as those used at motorway intersections typically have two to four lanes around the central hub, and frequently have traffic lights regulating flow during peak hours.

Some roundabouts have a divider between traffic turning from one road onto an adjacent one, and traffic within the roundabout, enabling those making such turns to bypass the roundabout entirely. Another type of roundabout is the through-about roundabout or "hamburger" junction. This type of roundabout enables straight-through traffic on one road to cross over the central island, whilst all other traffic must drive around the island. As a consequence this junction must always be controlled by traffic lights. Examples of this type exist in Bracknell, Nottingham and Reading, Berkshire, as well as on the N2/M50 intersection in Dublin, Ireland. Bracknell is a town in the Bracknell Forest borough of the English county of Berkshire. ... Nottingham is a city (and county town of Nottinghamshire) in the East Midlands of England. ... Reading is a town, unitary authority (the Borough of Reading) and urban area in the English county of Berkshire. ... The N2 road is a National Primary Route in the Republic of Ireland, running from Dublin to the border with Northern Ireland at Moy Bridge near Aughnacloy, County Tyrone to connect Dublin with Derry via the A5]. // The N2 commences at a junction with the N1 along Dorset Street Upper. ... The M50 motorway is a motorway and National Primary Route in the Republic of Ireland running in a C-shaped ring around the northern, western and southern sides of the capital city, Dublin. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 53. ...

The term "gyratory" (for example, the Hanger Lane Gyratory System) is sometimes used in England when a roundabout is large and has non-standard lane markings or priorities; in fact, they are more like traffic circles. The Hanger Lane Gyratory System is a vast complex roundabout system off the A40 road and the A406 in west London. ...

Mini roundabouts

A mini-roundabout in the United Kingdom, where a painted white circle is used for the centre. The arrows show the direction of traffic flow.

Mini-roundabouts exist at smaller intersections to avoid the use of signals, stop signs or the necessity to yield in favor of one road of traffic. Mini-roundabouts can be a painted circle, a low dome, or often are small garden beds. Painted roundabouts and low domes can easily be driven over by most vehicles, which many motorists will do when there is no other traffic, but the practice is dangerous if other cars are present. Mini-roundabouts work in the same way as larger roundabouts in term of right of way. They can often come in "chains", making navigation of otherwise awkward junctions easier. There are usually different road signs used to distinguish mini roundabouts from larger ones. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... See also: street sign theft External links http://homepages. ...

Mini-roundabouts are also common in Irapuato, Mexico, usually marked with a tiny grassy circle enclosed with sidewalk edges, and in Calgary, Canada's inner-city Mount Royal and Rosedale neighbourhoods, where mini-roundabouts recently replaced intersections formerly controlled by stop signs to combat increasing cut-through traffic. Main Plaza of Irapuato Irapuato is a city in the Mexican state of Guanajuato, lying on the Irapuato River, a tributary of the Lerma River. ... Motto: Heart of the new west Area: 712. ... Mount Royal is an area of Calgary, Alberta and is home to the neighbourhoods of Upper Mount Royal and Lower Mount Royal. ...

A slightly larger version of a mini-roundabout, sometimes called a "small roundabout", is designed with a raised center surrounded by a sloped "overrun area" of a different color from the roadway and up to a meter in thickness called a "truck apron". The truck apron's design discourages small vehicles from shortcutting over it while at the same time allowing the mini-roundabout to more easily accommodate the turning radius of larger vehicles.

Raindrop roundabouts

Raindrop roundabout at an Interstate interchange in North Carolina.

These roundabouts do not form a complete circle and are in a "raindrop" shape. They are appearing at Interstate interchanges to provide a free-flowing left turn to the on-ramps and eliminating the need for turn signals and lanes. Since the on and off-ramps are one-way, the need for a complete circle is not necessary. This means that drivers entering the roundabout from the bridge do not need to yield and prevents queuing on narrow, two-lane bridges. These roundabouts have been used at new interchanges so that a two-lane bridge can be built for less cost than a three-lane, as well as replacing traffic signals that are inefficient without a turning lane.

Roundabouts on motorways

See also: Roundabout interchange

While roundabouts do not usually interrupt motorways in the UK or Ireland, a common type of motorway intersection (suited only for lower volumes of traffic) consists of a grade separated roundabout above or below the main motorway, accessed via sliproads. Most intersections on Dublin's M50 motorway ring-road use this configuration — although several junctions have a greater volume of traffic than the capacity such roundabouts can accommodate. An example of a four-level stack interchange in the Netherlands. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 53. ... The M50 motorway is a motorway and National Primary Route in the Republic of Ireland running in a C-shaped ring around the northern, western and southern sides of the capital city, Dublin. ...

An additional improvement is the 3-level stacked roundabout — this is a roundabout interchange where both roads are grade separated. In the United Kingdom, the M25/A3 and A1(M)/M18 interchanges are examples of this type. These junctions however have less capacity than a full free-flow interchange. A similar design to this is the three-level diamond interchange. The M25 motorway looking south between junctions 14 and 15, near Heathrow Airport. ... The A3 is a trunk road in Southern England, connecting London to Portsmouth. ... Sign at Junction 1 of the A1(M) at South Mimms in Hertfordshire The A1 is the longest numbered road in the UK at 409 miles (658 km) long. ... The M18 northdown during the Winter 2005-2006 roadworks The M18 is a motorway in Yorkshire, England. ... A free-flow interchange is an interchange in which all roads are grade-separated, and where no movement from one road to another requires the driver to stop for traffic (for example, the interchange may not include traffic lights or roundabouts). ... Three-level diamond diagram A three-level diamond is a type of highway interchange where through traffic on both main roads is grade-separated from intersections which handle transferring traffic. ...

The A52 motorway in Switzerland links with three sections of road near Hinwil heading toward Hinwil, Forch and Rapperswil. The intersection takes shape in the form of a massive roundabout on the motorway. However, the sign for a roundabout is not used and a speed limit of 80 km/h (50 mph) applies. The size of the roundabout conceals the fact that it is a roundabout at all. The A52 at the Zumikon starting point The A52 motorroad The A52 is a motorroad (German: Autostrasse) connecting Zumikon in the canton of Zürich with Hinwil and Rapperswil in the canton of St. ... Hinwil is a municipality in the district of Hinwil, in the canton of Zürich, Switzerland. ... Rapperswil is a small town in the canton of St. ...

The A7 motorway, also in Switzerland, also has a motorway roundabout (at its terminus in Kreuzlingen), but it is smaller in size. Massachusetts Route 128, a motorway/freeway in the United States, also has two large at-grade roundabouts (or rotaries as they are called in that state) in the city of Gloucester. They are signed as Exits 10 and 11. Roundabouts in Massachusetts follow the same general rule as in the UK, with circling traffic receiving right of way. The A7 motorway between Kreuzlingen and Grüneck (August 2004 image) The A7 is a motorway which runs from Winterthur in northeastern Switzerland through to Kreuzlingen, a border town with Konstanz (Germany). ... Kreuzlingen is a city in Switzerland bordering with Constance in Germany. ... Route 128, also known as the Yankee Division Highway (for the U.S. 26th Infantry Division), and originally the Circumferential Highway, is a partial beltway around Boston, Massachusetts, United States. ... Interstate 80 (Eastshore Freeway) in Berkeley, a typical American freeway (MUTCD definition) A freeway is a type of highway that is designed for safer high-speed operation of motor vehicles through the elimination of at-grade intersections. ... An at-grade intersection is a junction at which two or more transport axes cross at the same level (or grade). ... Settled: 1623 â€“ Incorporated: 1642 Zip Code(s): 01930 â€“ Area Code(s): 351 / 978 Official website: http://www. ... Official language(s) English Capital Boston Largest city Boston Area  Ranked 44th  - Total 10,555 sq mi (27,360 km²)  - Width 183 miles (295 km)  - Length 113 miles (182 km)  - % water 13. ...

There also was a former roundabout at the southern terminus of Route 3, a motorway linking Cape Cod to Boston; directly opposite is another motorway, the start of the Mid-Cape Highway section of US 6 heading over the Sagamore Bridge. Due to the small size of the roundabout, and the fact that Routes 3 and 6 make up the shortest way to get between the Cape and Boston, traffic tie-ups and accidents were common, especially in the summer months, when drivers from other states were often confused at how to navigate the roundabout. This roundabout was replaced with a standard motorway interchange during a three-year conversion project which concluded in 2007. Massachusetts Route 3 is a southward continuation of U.S. Highway 3, connecting Boston, Massachusetts with Cape Cod. ... Cape Cod (or simply the Cape) is an arm-shaped peninsula coextensive with Barnstable County, Massachusetts and forming the easternmost portion of the state of Massachusetts, in the Northeastern United States. ... Nickname: Location in Massachusetts, USA Coordinates: Country United States State Massachusetts County Suffolk County Government  - Mayor Thomas M. Menino (D) Area  - City  89. ... Route 6 is the portion of the cross-country U.S. Route 6 in the state of Massachusetts. ... U.S. Highway 6 is a largely east-west United States Highway that connects Bishop, California with Provincetown, Massachusetts on Cape Cod. ... The Sagamore Bridge carries U.S. Highway 6 across the Cape Cod Canal, connecting Cape Cod with the rest of Massachusetts, USA. Most traffic approaching from the north follows Massachusetts Route 3, which ends at US 6, just north of the bridge, and provides freeway connections from Boston and Interstate... Summer is a season of the year that is defined as beginning on June 21st, and ending in September in the Northern Hemisphere. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the CE era. ...

In the city of Malmö, Sweden, there is a roundabout connecting two motorways, "Autostradan" from Lund, and the "Inner ring road". It is signposted as a motorway through this roundabout. Today these two motorways are considered local, but before year 2000 they were part of the European roads E6, E20 and E22. Motto: FrÃ¥n arbetarstad till kunskapsstad (eng: From industrial city to knowledge city) Location of Malmö in northern Europe Coordinates: Country Sweden Municipality Malmö Municipality County SkÃ¥ne Province Scania Charter 13th Century Government  - Mayor Illmar Reepalu Area  - City 335. ...   IPA: is a city in SkÃ¥ne in southern Sweden. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... E-6 OR E6 can mean: European route E6 – a European highway route E6 (mathematics) – a is the name of a Lie group in mathematics E-6 process – a common photographic process for developing transparency film London E6 – the postcode for East Ham in London. ... It has been suggested that this article might be improved by explaining why the subject is significant or notable. ... E22 is the number of a European route (E-road) through the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, Lithuania and Russia, from the harbour of Dublin, Ireland to Moscow passing Amsterdam, Hamburg, Sassnitz, Malmö, Kalmar, Norrköping, Ventpils and Riga. ...

Sometimes, a roundabout will serve as the traffic pattern for a motorway interchange, like Cutler Circle, a large 112,000 sq. yd. (93,700m²) roundabout in Saugus where U.S. Route 1 meets Route 60. The roundabout handles high-speed traffic getting on and off the highway.^{(Google Map)}, and until the mid-1970s, there were plans for Interstate 95 to be involved in this interchange as well.-1... A square metre (US spelling: square meter) is by definition the area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 metre long. ... Saugus is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. ... This U.S. Highway article needs to be cleaned up to conform to both a higher standard of article quality and accepted design standards outlined in the WikiProject U.S. Highways. ... Route 60 is an east-west state highway running through the northern suburbs of Boston. ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Interstate 95 Interstate 95 (abbreviated I-95) is a well-known, important, and heavily traveled highway in the United States Interstate Highway System. ...

Controlled roundabouts

Some bridges on Beijing's 2nd Ring Road are controlled by traffic lights. While it may appear to defy the roundabout system at first, it works well to control the flow of traffic on the bridges, which themselves are two viaducts creating a roundabout suspended over the ring road itself. Beijing (Chinese: 北京; pinyin: BÄ›ijÄ«ng; IPA: ;  ), a metropolis in northern China, is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ... 2nd Ring Road (Eastern segment, taken in July of 2004) Yonghegong Lamasery from the 2nd Ring Road (Northern segment, taken in July of 2004) Central to Beijing, the 2nd Ring Road (pinyin: Er Huan Lu) lies just a few kilometres away from the city centre and is an extremely convenient...

Signal controlled roundabouts are common in Great Britain and Ireland, where they have been introduced in an attempt to alleviate traffic problems at over-capacity roundabout intersections or to prevent some flows of traffic dominating others (around the M50 in Dublin for example). The M50 motorway is a motorway and National Primary Route in the Republic of Ireland running in a C-shaped ring around the northern, western and southern sides of the capital city, Dublin. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 53. ...

"Magic" roundabouts

Swindon's "Magic roundabout"

The town of Swindon in Wiltshire, England is known for its "Magic Roundabout". This roundabout is at an intersection of five roads and consists of a two-way road around the central island with five mini-roundabouts where it meets the incoming roads. Traffic may proceed around the main roundabout either clockwise via the outer lanes, or anti-clockwise using the inner lanes next to the central island. At each mini-roundabout the usual clockwise flow applies. Image File history File links Swindon_Magic_Roundabout_eng. ... Image File history File links Swindon_Magic_Roundabout_eng. ... For other places with the same name, see Swindon (disambiguation). ... Wiltshire (abbreviated Wilts) is a large southern English county. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification  -  by Athelstan 967  Area... The large roundabout and two mini roundabouts The Magic Roundabout in Swindon, England, was constructed in 1972 and consists of one large roundabout containing 5 mini-roundabouts. ...

Similar systems are found in various places in England, most famously the Moor End roundabout in Hemel Hempstead in Hertfordshire, which has six intersections, but also High Wycombe and Denham in Buckinghamshire, Colchester and Benfleet in Essex, Tamworth in Staffordshire (where it is colloquially known as "the egg") and Hatton Cross (outside Heathrow Airport) in London. Magic roundabouts are also known as "Ring Junctions". The Magic Roundabout or Funny Roundabout in Hemel Hempstead is the familiar name given to a complex road junction also known as the Moor End roundabout. ... Hemel Hempstead is a town in Hertfordshire, England with a population of 81,143 at the 2001 Census. ... Hertfordshire (pronounced Hartfordshire and abbreviated as Herts) is an inland county in the United Kingdom and part of the East of England Government Office region. ... High Wycombe in the UK High Wycombe, (previously Chepping Wycombe or Chipping Wycombe as late as 1911[1]) South Buckinghamshire, is 29 miles (45 kilometres) west-north-west of London, England. ... The Denham Roundabout is a large road intersection to the west of London. ... Buckinghamshire (abbreviated Bucks) is one of the home counties in South East England. ... Colchester is a town and is the main settlement of the Essex borough of Colchester in the East of England. ... Statistics Population: Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: TQ782860 Administration District: Castle Point Shire county: Essex Region: East of England Constituent country: England Sovereign state: United Kingdom Other Ceremonial county: Essex Historic county: Essex Services Police force: Essex Police Ambulance service: East of England Post office and telephone Post town: BENFLEET... Essex is a county in the East of England. ... Tamworth town centre Tamworth is a historic town and local government district in Staffordshire, UK, located 27 km (17 miles) northeast of Birmingham and 198 km (123 miles) northwest of London. ... Staffordshire (abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. ... Hatton is a place in the London Borough of Hounslow. ... London Heathrow Airport (IATA airport code: LHR, ICAO airport code: EGLL, and often simply Heathrow) is the United Kingdoms busiest and best-connected airport. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...

Roundabouts with trams

Most notably found in inner Melbourne, particularly in the inner suburban area of South Melbourne, where the tram network is extensive. Tram tracks always pass through the central island of these roundabouts. They can be worrying for inexperienced drivers, as they must give way, not only to vehicles coming towards them from their right, but also to trams coming at them from right-angles. Melbournes CBD has grown to straddle the Yarra River in three major precincts. ... South Melbourne is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ... A C class tram An A1 class tram The city of Melbourne, the second-largest city in Australia, has one of the worlds most extensive networks of tramways. ...

Having trams pass through a small roundabouts is not a problem; through larger roundabouts it can be difficult, particularly when there is a tram junction (i.e. the tram may do more than simply pass straight through the intersection). In these cases, the roundabouts are very large, and often have tram stops in the middle. Flemington Junction is the most notorious intersection of this nature, containing a tram-stop, pedestrian crossings, three entering tram lines, traffic signals to stop vehicular traffic at each crossing point when a tram is due, service roads and pedestrian crossing. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... A pedestrian crossing or crosswalk is a designated point on a road at which some means are employed to assist pedestrians wishing to cross. ...

In Dublin, Ireland, the Red Cow ("Mad Cow") roundabout at the N7/M50 intersection is particularly infamous. It is a grade-separated motorway junction, and is signal-controlled with secondary lanes (separate from the main roundabout) for those making left hand turns. The junction, the busiest in Ireland, had tram lines added to it with the opening of the LUAS system in 2004. The tracks pass across one carriageway of the N7, and across the southern M50 sliproads. Trams pass at a frequency of every 5 minutes at rush hour. WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 53. ... The red cow roundabout is the junction where the N7 crosses the M50. ... The N7 road is a National Primary Route in the Republic of Ireland, connecting Dublin and Limerick. ... The M50 motorway is a motorway and National Primary Route in the Republic of Ireland running in a C-shaped ring around the northern, western and southern sides of the capital city, Dublin. ... Luas (Irish for speed), also promoted in the development stage as the Dublin Light Rail System, currently encompasses two unconnected on-street light rail lines in Dublin, Ireland. ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In Gothenburg, Sweden the roundabout and Korsvägen tram stop (the Crossroad) at the Trade fair is of this type, and is rather infamous in the city. It is heavily trafficked by cars, and about one tram or bus per minute passes. Location of Gothenburg in northern Europe Coordinates: Country Sweden County Västra Götaland County Province Västergötland Charter 1621 Government  - Mayor Göran Johansson Area  - City 450 km²  (174 sq mi)  - Water 14. ... Gothenburg tram line 4 (left) and 14 (right) meet at Centralstationen tram station. ... The 2006 LinuxWorld trade show at the Boston Convention and Exposition Center. ...

In Kiev, Ukraine an interchange of two "fast tram" lines is done below a roundabout. Map of Ukraine with Kiev highlighted Coordinates: Country Ukraine Oblast Kiev City Municipality Raion Municipality Government  - Mayor Leonid Chernovetskyi Elevation 179 m (587. ... A 1913 map of the Kiev tram system (outlined in red) The Kiev Tram (Ukrainian: ) was the first electric tramway in the former Russian Empire, and the third one in Europe after the Berlin Straßenbahn (tram) and the Budapest tramway, is located in Kiev, Ukraine. ...

Oslo, Norway also has many roundabouts with tram tracks passing through; for example at Bislett, Frogner plass, Sinsen, Solli plass and Storo. County Oslo NO-03 District Viken Municipality NO-0301 Administrative centre Oslo Mayor (2004) Per Ditlev-Simonsen (H) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 224 454 km² 426 km² 0. ... Oslotrikken, which in English translates to The Oslo tram, is the tram division of Oslo Sporveier. ... The district Helsfyr-Sinsen was a district of the city of Oslo, Norway up to January 1 2004, when it became part of the Alna and Gamle Oslo districts. ... Storo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Trento in the Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 50 km southwest of Trento. ...

In Wolverhampton, UK, the Midland Metro tram passes through the centre of a roundabout on approach to its terminus at St Georges. Wolverhampton is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England. ... A Midland Metro tram The Midland Metro is a light-rail tram system in the West Midlands of England. ...

Hamburger roundabout/throughabout/cut-through roundabout

These resemble a normal roundabout but are signalised and have a straight-through section of carriageway for one of the major routes. The hamburger name derives from the fact that the plan view resembles the cross-section through a hamburger. There are two such examples on the A580 East Lancashire Road in St Helens, England, one at Haydock Island in Merseyside (which also features the M6 passing overhead), the second is on the Astley/Boothstown border near to Manchester. Another example is on the A6003 at Kettering. Yet another can be seen at the junction of Morley Drive and Alexander Drive in Perth, WA, Australia. An example of such an intersection in the United States can be found on the Revere Beach Parkway in Everett, Massachusetts. This article is about the sandwich. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Kettering is a town and Borough in Northamptonshire, England. ... Everett is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts near Boston. ...

Cycle facilities at roundabouts

Research has shown that even in large circular intersections that lack modern roundabout design features, a high rate of bicycle/motor vehicle crashes occurs when bicyclists are riding around the outside. Design guidance³ for modern roundabouts recommends terminating cycle lanes well before the entrances, so bicyclists merge into the stream of motor traffic.

A 1992 study¹ from the German Transport Ministry's research institute has cast particular light on this issue. The study found that bicyclists' risk is high in all such intersections, but it is much higher when the intersection has a marked bicycle lane or sidepath around its outside (see "Marked perimeter cycle lanes" below). The results of this study concerning circular intersections are summarized on a web site (in German, but partially translated below)². A report about accidents at four-arm roundabouts was published⁴ by the UK Transport and Road Research Laboratory (TRRL) (now TRL) in 1984. A website, Web site or WWW site (often shortened to just site) is a collection of webpages, that is, HTML/XHTML documents accessible via HTTP on the Internet; all publicly accessible websites in existence comprise the World Wide Web. ... Originally established by the British Government in 1933, since privatisation in 1996 the Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) in Crowthorne Berkshire is a private laboratory involved in all areas of road transport and environmental impact research, including vehicle crash tests. ...

Collisions typically occur when a motorist is entering or leaving the circular roadway. A motorist entering the circular roadway must yield to traffic in it, but such traffic will generally keep away from the outside of the circular roadway (as with a vehicle in the photo) if passing an entrance. A bicyclist close to the edge of the roadway is not in the usual position where an entering motorist expects to look for circulating traffic.

When exiting the circular roadway, a motorist must look ahead to steer, and to avoid colliding with another vehicle ahead or with pedestrians in a crosswalk. As the circular roadway curves away from the exit, the path of a vehicle exiting the circular roadway is relatively straight, and so the exiting motorist may often not need to slow substantially. However, if it is necessary to yield to a bicyclist riding around the outside, the exiting motorist must look toward the rear, to the outside of the intersection. With many vehicles, such as vans, the driver's view in this direction is obstructed. The task burden of the motorist is therefore substantially increased if bicyclists ride around the outside. The resulting conflicts, and more frequent requirements for motorists to slow or stop, also reduce the efficiency of traffic flow which is one of the major advantages of the circular intersections. Cycle lanes around the outside of circular intersections are therefore falling out of favor. Look up Pedestrian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This crossing in London was famously featured on the cover of The Beatles album Abbey Road. ... A van is a vehicle used for transporting goods or groups of people. ...

Marked perimeter cycle lanes

Cycle lanes on a roundabout in Newbury, Berkshire, England. This example is from a country where traffic keeps to the left, and traffic in the circular roadway of the roundabout travels clockwise.

An early attempt to deal with the problem was to mark preferential lanes for cyclists, as in the picture (right). With cycle lanes, bicyclists do not merge into the flow of motor traffic in the roundabout, but rather, they travel around the outside, relieving them of the requirement to merge. The colored road surface and edge lines of the cycle lanes indicate that motorists are required to yield to bicyclists at all locations where their paths may cross. Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1106 KB) This photo shows a roundabout with cycle lanes around the outside. ... Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1106 KB) This photo shows a roundabout with cycle lanes around the outside. ... This article or section should include material from Cycle path debate Segregated cycle facilities may consist of a separate road, track, path or lane that is designated for use by cyclists and from which motorised traffic is generally excluded. ... Newbury is the principal town in the west of the county of Berkshire in the United Kingdom. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification  -  by Athelstan 967  Area... Nighttime traffic captured by a camera over several seconds. ... This page is related to transport; you may be looking for the 2002 Bollywood movie Road. ... Clockwise can refer to: Clockwise and counterclockwise Clockwise (movie) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... “Velo” redirects here. ... Driving is the controlled operation of a vehicle, usually a motor vehicle such as a truck, bus, motorcycle, or car (for bicycles and mounted animals and—at least in the U.K. and U.S.—motorcycles, the corresponding activity is called riding). ...

Modern design guidance

The special features of modern roundabouts, including splitter/diverter islands and small diameter of the circular roadway, decrease the speed of motor traffic and so reduce the risk of collisions for bicyclists as well as motorists below that of conventional intersections. Design guidance³ for modern roundabouts recommends terminating cycle lanes well before the entrances, so bicyclists merge into the stream of motor traffic. Bicyclists who lack the skill and confidence to do this may use the crosswalks as pedestrians. Modern design guidance also recommends placing the crosswalks far enough from the roundabout so that at least one exiting vehicle can wait without blocking the circular roadway.

Examples of roundabouts

• Elephant and Castle, London
• The Plain, Oxford
• St George's Circus, London
• Place Charles de Gaulle (Place de l'Étoile), Paris — 12 roads regularly spaced at 30° intervals around the Arc de Triomphe
• Los Alamitos Traffic Circle, Long Beach, California
• Glorieta de Bilbao, Madrid — a star shaped roundabout
• Columna de la Independencia Rondabout in Paseo de la Reforma, Mexico City

The Elephant and Castle, commonly shortened to the Elephant, is a major road intersection in inner south London, and is also used as a name for the surrounding district. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... The Plain is an important junction, now a roundabout constructed in 1950, just east of Magdalen Bridge in Oxford, England. ... Obelisk at St Georges Circus. ... The Place de lÉtoile is a large Place in Paris, France, the meeting point of twelve avenues (hence the name Star Square) including the Champs-Élysées which continues to the east. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Paris Eiffel tower as seen from the esplanade du Trocadéro. ... Arc de Triomphe The Arc de Triomphe is a monument in Paris that stands in the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle, formerly the Place de lÉtoile, at the western end of the Champs-Élysées. ... The Long Beach Traffic Circle and surrounding area in 1948. ... Nickname: Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates: Country United States State California County Los Angeles County Government  - Mayor Bob Foster Area  - City  65. ... Glorieta de Bilbao Glorieta de Bilbao is a star shaped roundabout located in Madrid, Spain; named after the city of Bilbao. ... Motto: La Suma de Todos (The Sum of Everyone) Location Coordinates: Country Spain Autonomous Community Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid Province Madrid Administrative Divisions 21 Neighborhoods 127 Founded 9th century Government  - Mayor Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón (PP) Area  - Land 607 km² (234. ... El Ángel de la Independencia (The Angel of Independence), most commonly known by the shortened name El Ángel, is a monument located on a roundabout over Paseo de la Reforma in downtown Mexico City. ... Paseo de la Reforma (Reform Avenue) is a 12 km long grand avenue in Mexico City. ... Nickname: Location of Mexico City in central Mexico Coordinates: Country Mexico Federal entity Federal District Boroughs The 16 delegaciones Founded (as Tenochtitlan) c. ...

Miscellany

An IMAX cinema built in a roundabout

• The Lambeth Bridge Roundabout in London was featured in the film National Lampoon's European Vacation.
• The first UK roundabout was built in Letchworth Garden City, in 1909.^[3]
• The Brunel Bridge Roundabout in Slough was made famous by its appearance in the opening titles of the Ricky Gervais sitcom The Office.
• The Kinsale Road Roundabout in Cork, Ireland is a very large and irregularly shaped, three lane, signal controlled roundabout. The roundabout is situated on the N25 southern ring road dual carriageway, at the intersection with a dual-carriageway to the city centre, a road to Bishopstown, and the airport or Kinsale road. With the huge traffic volumes at the intersection, the dangerous and difficult navigation of the roundabout had given rise to the "Magic Roundabout" nickname and at times traffic jams of a kilometer in length were not uncommon, especially during peak periods. However this roundabout has been upgraded to a grade-separated junction where the N25 now passes over it.
• The roundabout at the junction of Tyndall Street and Ocean Way in Cardiff has cubes and other geometric shapes constructed from road signs. ^{(Google Map)}
• Crawley, West Sussex has a large rectangular roundabout which contains a hotel in the centre, giving rise to the address, "The Squareabout, Crawley".
• Mooroolbark, Melbourne contains a triple-roundabout [3], that is, three consecutive roundabouts, on Hull Rd. They were built to replace a dangerous area where three secondary roads joined Hull Rd at separate places within 200 m. Each roundabout allows drivers to turn onto or off from one of the three secondary roads.
• Two roundabouts in the Melbourne metropolitan area, Highett [4] and Brighton [5], have heavy rail crossing the roundabout and through the inner circle. Boom barriers protect the rail from oncoming traffic at the appropriate points in the roundabout.
• St Kilda Junction, St Kilda, Melbourne, was once an uncontrolled seven-street roundabout also containing a tram junction in the middle; it was drastically altered in the 1970s to make it a two-level, light-patrolled intersection.
• One of the most famous landmarks in Guadalajara, Mexico is the Minerva Fountain Roundabout, which contains a huge fountain surrounding a statue of the Roman goddess Minerva. It is in the middle of a series of 3 consecutive roundabouts, located in the intersection of 5 avenues: López Mateos, Vallarta, López Cotilla, Agustín Yáñez and Golfo de Cortez. A long tunnel runs under all the three roundabouts.
• In Birmingham, United Kingdom, Haden Circus is a roundabout with only half of the central island grassed over, the other half being demarcated by concrete blocks. This originates from when Formula 3 racing was held on the city streets.
• The Australian cities of Griffith in New South Wales, and Albany in Western Australia contain no traffic lights, only roundabouts.
• The city of Milton Keynes in the United Kingdom is famous for having grid roads which have roundabouts at almost every intersection.

• In Dundee, Scotland, roundabouts are called "circles" by the locals.
• The Shepherd and Flock roundabout ^{(Google Map)} in Farnham, Surrey extends to over 10 acres with 17 houses and a pub that lie within, making it one of the largest inhabited roundabouts in the UK. An oddity of 1960s road planning has left the 17 houses and the pub encircled by several lanes of tarmac that connects Guildford to Winchester (A31). The completed roundabout was therefore named after the pub "The Shepherd and Flock".^[4]
• The Simpsons once took a trip to the United Kingdom and became stuck circulating a roundabout. They fought their way out eventually, only to crash into the Queen's carriage.
• A roundabout dog is a homemade street installation placed in roundabouts, a phenomen that occurred all over Sweden in 2006.

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 1170 KB) Photo of the London IMAX cinema taken by me, 20 July 2005 17:18:38 File links The following pages link to this file: IMAX British Film Institute ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 1170 KB) Photo of the London IMAX cinema taken by me, 20 July 2005 17:18:38 File links The following pages link to this file: IMAX British Film Institute ... IMAX theatre at the Melbourne Museum complex, Australia BFI London IMAX by night IMAX dome in Guayaquil, Ecuador IMAX (short for Image Maximum) is a film format created by Canadas IMAX Corporation that has the capacity to display images of far greater size and resolution than conventional film display... Lambeth Bridge, seen from Millbank, looking north and downstream Lambeth Bridge from Millbank, facing east towards Lambeth Image:Lambeth. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... National Lampoons European Vacation is a 1985 comedy film, second in the Vacation series, directed by Amy Heckerling and starring Chevy Chase and Beverly DAngelo. ... Arms of Letchworth Urban District Council Letchworth, officially Letchworth Garden City, is a town in Hertfordshire, England. ... Brunel Bridge could be an informal or local reference to any one of several famous bridges in England built by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, including: The Clifton Suspension Bridge across the Avon Gorge in Bristol The Royal Albert Bridge across the River Tamar from Devon to Cornwall Maidenhead Railway Bridge across... For slough as a type of aquatic feature, see Slough (wetland). ... Ricky Dene Gervais (IPA: or ) (born June 25, 1961) is an Emmy, Golden Globe and BAFTA award-winning English comic writer and performer from Reading, Berkshire. ... The Office is a British television comedy series, created, written and directed by Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant, and first aired in the UK on BBC Two on July 9, 2001. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 51. ... The N25 road is a National Primary Route in the Republic of Ireland, forming the route from Cork to Waterford and Rosslare Europort. ... Market Street in Kinsale, one of the towns oldest thoroughfares Kinsale (Cionn tSáile in Irish) is a town in County Cork, Ireland. ... Cardiff (English:  Welsh: ) is the capital, largest and core city of Wales. ... A cube[1] is a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each vertex. ... In geometry, two sets of points are of the same shape precisely if one can be transformed to another by dilating (i. ... See also: street sign theft External links http://homepages. ... Crawley is a town and local government district in West Sussex, England. ... West Sussex is a county in the south of England, bordering onto East Sussex (with Brighton and Hove), Hampshire and Surrey. ... Mooroolbark is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ... Melbournes CBD has grown to straddle the Yarra River in three major precincts. ... Highett is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ... Brighton () is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 12 km southeast of the city. ... The term heavy rail is often used for regular railways, to distinguish from systems such as trams/light rail and metro. ... A boom barrier is a bar, or pole pivoted in such a way as to allow the boom to block vehicular access through a controlled point. ... St Kilda Junction is one of the most notorious intersections in Melbourne, residing in the suburb of St Kilda, and bordering Windsor, Melbourne and St Kilda East. ... St Kilda ( ) is an inner city suburb of the Victorian capital of Melbourne, Australia. ... Melbournes CBD has grown to straddle the Yarra River in three major precincts. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about the Mexican city of Guadalajara. ... Head of Minerva by Elihu Vedder, 1896 A head of Minerva found in the ruins of the Roman baths in Bath Minerva was a Roman goddess of crafts and wisdom. ... The city from above Centenary Square. ... The A4540 is the Inner Ring Road in Birmingham, England, previously known as the Middle Ring Road. ... Griffith is a city in south-western New South Wales, Australia. ... Capital Sydney Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Professor Marie Bashir Premier Morris Iemma (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 50  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05)  - Product ($m)  $305,437 (1st)  - Product per capita  $45,153/person (4th) Population (End of March 2006)  - Population  6,817,100 (1st)  - Density  8. ... Albany, (IPA: ; ; post code: 6330), is a city on the south coast of Western Australia, 408 kilometres south-southeast of Perth. ... Capital Perth Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Ken Michael Premier Alan Carpenter (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 15  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05)  - Product ($m)  $100,900 (4th)  - Product per capita  $50,355/person (3rd) Population (December 2006)  - Population  2,050,900 (4th)  - Density  0. ... Milton Keynes is a large town in northern Buckinghamshire, in South East England, about 45 miles/75 km north-west of London, and roughly halfway between London and Birmingham. ... For other uses, see Dundee (disambiguation). ... Castle Street Farnham is a small town in Surrey, England. ... Not to be confused with Surry. ... Not to be confused with Guilford. ... Winchester is a historic city in southern England, with a population of around 40,000 within a 3 mile radius of its centre. ... The A31 is a major trunk road in England running south west from Guildford in Surrey along the Hogs Back. ... The Simpsons. ... Roundabout dog in the huge Vallarondellen roundabout (300m in diameter), in Linköping, Östergötland, Sweden A roundabout dog (Swedish: , originally Östgötsk rondellhund) is a form of street installation, which began occurring during the autumn of 2006 in cities and towns all over Sweden. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

See also

• Roundabout Appreciation Society
• Traffic circle

The Roundabout Appreciation Society (UKRAS) is a group of people in the United Kingdom that discuss various aspects of traffic roundabouts. ... Columbus Circle, New York City, NY; site of the first traffic circle in the United States completed in 1905 DeSoto Fountain sits in the center of a traffic circle in the city of Coral Gables, Florida. ...

References

• Note 1: R. Schnüll, J. Lange, I. Fabian, M. Kölle, F. Schütte, D. Alrutz, H.W. Fechtel, J. Stellmacher-Hein, T. Brückner, H. Meyhöfer: Sicherung von Radfahrern an städtischen Knotenpunkten [Safeguarding bicyclists in Urban Intersections], Bericht der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen zum Forschungsprojekt 8952, 1992
• Note 2: http://bernd.sluka.de/Radfahren/Vortragsfolien.html Scroll to the section labeled "Kreisverkehr". A translation of the text reads: Graphic from Sicherung von Radfahrern an städtischen Knotenpunkten [Safeguarding bicyclists in Urban Intersections], (BASt, 1992). Accident numbers in large circular intersections with different bicycle facilities show: 1. why there should be no sidepaths or bike lanes in these intersections; 2. Even when bicyclists use the roadway, their risk is relatively high in these intersctions.
• Note 3: See for example Modern Roundabouts, an Informational Guide, http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/00068.htm and the section on roundabouts in the US Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/HTM/2003/part3/part3b2.htm#figure3B27 (you may have to scroll down the page).
• Note 4: Maycock, G., and Hall, R. D. (1984). "Accidents at 4-Arm Roundabouts." TRRL1120, Transport and Road Research Laboratory (TRRL), Crowthorne, England.

1. ^ Commmonwealth of Massachusetts Driver's Manual [1]
2. ^ BBC News. Roundabout Magic. Retrieved on 2007-05-13.
3. ^ Letchworth Garden City Heritage Foundation. Sign of the Times. Retrieved on 2006-12-14.
4. ^ Telegraph - At home in the middle of a roundabout

2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the CE era. ... May 13 is the 133rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (134th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 14 is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Roundabouts in North America
  • Roundabouts: An Informational Guide by the U.S. Federal Highway Administration, FHWA-RD-00-67, June 2000
  • Secion 3B.24 from the U.S. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
• The Magic Roundabout of Swindon
• Multilane Roundabouts an Information Sheet
• The Hanger Lane Gyratory System, London, England
• The Kinsale Road Roundabout, Cork, Ireland, on Google Maps
• How to use UK roundabouts, video tutorials
• Mini-roundabouts - Getting them Right
• Washtenaw County Road Commission's Modern Roundabout Information
• Roundabout Information and related CBC Article and Video

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is a division of the United States Department of Transportation that specializes in highway transportation. ... The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) is a document issued by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) to specify the standards by which traffic signs, road markings (see lane), and signals are designed, installed, and used. ... An intersection of roads. ... High-capacity freeway interchange in Los Angeles, California. ... An example of a four-level stack interchange in the Netherlands. ... A cloverleaf interchange is a two-level interchange in which right turns (in countries that drive on the left) are handled by loop ramps. ... A typical diamond interchange A diamond interchange is a common type of road junction. ... High-capacity freeway interchange in Los Angeles, California. ... Plan of rejected diverging diamond interchange in Findlay, Ohio A diverging diamond interchange is a rare form of diamond interchange in which the two directions of traffic on the non-freeway road cross to the opposite side on both sides of the bridge at the freeway. ... The parclo interchange (short for partial cloverleaf interchange) is a successor to the cloverleaf interchange. ... High-capacity freeway interchange in Los Angeles, California. ... Schematic of a freeway-under SPUI in a country where traffic drives on the right. ... A stack interchange is a free-flowing junction between two or more roads that allows turning in all directions. ... Three-level diamond diagram A three-level diamond interchange is a type of highway interchange where through traffic on both main roads is grade-separated from intersections which handle transferring traffic. ... In the field of road transport, an intersection is a road junction where two or more roads either meet or cross at grade (they are at the same level). ... An at-grade intersection is a junction at which two or more transport axes cross at the same level (or grade). ... A box junction is a traffic control measure designed to prevent gridlock at busy road junctions. ... A continuous flow intersection (CFI), also called a crossover displaced left-turn (XDL), is an at-grade intersection that moves the turn conflict (to the left where traffic drives on the right and vice versa) out of the main intersection. ... Hook turn sign, Melbourne A hook turn is a special right-turn manouvre required in parts of Melbourne, Australia. ... A typical jughandle setup, with one standard jughandle and one reverse jughandle A jughandle is a type of ramp or slip road that changes the way traffic turns left (when driving on the right). ... A typical Michigan left setup. ... Sketch of a Quadrant Roadway Intersection A quadrant roadway intersection includes an extra roadway between two legs of the intersection. ... At a superstreet, all traffic on the side road must turn right, where it can access a U-turn ramp. ... T Intersection Sign in Taiwan with no more road straight ahead T Intersection Sign in Taiwan with side road on the left T Intersection Sign in Taiwan with side road on the right Y Intersection Sign in Taiwan A 3-way junction (or 3-way intersection) is a type of... Columbus Circle, New York City, NY; site of the first traffic circle in the United States completed in 1905 DeSoto Fountain sits in the center of a traffic circle in the city of Coral Gables, Florida. ... The Bowtie is an alternative to the Michigan left format that uses roundabouts on the cross street. ...