Rajasthani (राजस्थानी) is a language of the Indo-Aryan languages family. It is spoken by around eighty million persons (total number of speakers 36 million as per Census of India, 2001) in Rajasthan and other states of India, and has eight major dialects: Bagri, Shekhawati, Mewati, Dhundhari, Harauti, Marwari, Mewari, and Wagri. Most of these dialects of Rajasthani are chiefly spoken in the state of Rajasthan but also in Gujarat, Haryana and Punjab. Besides, it is also spoken in the Bahawalpur and Multan sectors of the Pakistani provinces of Punjab and Tharparkar district of Sind. It merges with Riasti and Seraiki in Bahawalpur and Multan areas, respectively. Many linguists (particularly Gusain, 2000 and Shackle 1976) agree that it shares many phonological, morphological and syntactic features with Riasti and Seraiki. Though, it needs a closer inquiry. , Rājasthān (DevanāgarÄ«: राजस्थान, IPA: )   is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area. ... A language family is a group of languages related by descent from a common proto-language. ... For other uses, see Indo-European. ... The Indo-Iranian language group constitutes the easternmost extant branch of the Indo-European family of languages. ... The Indo-Aryan languages form a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian languages, which belong to the Indo-European family of languages. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family. ... ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages. ... ISO 639-3 is an international standard for language codes. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... The Unicode Standard, Version 5. ... The Indo-Aryan languages form a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian languages, which belong to the Indo-European family of languages. ... Map showing the population density of each state in India Although India occupies only 2. ... , Rājasthān (DevanāgarÄ«: राजस्थान, IPA: )   is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area. ... A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος) is a variant, or variety, of a language spoken in a certain geographical area. ... Bagri is a dialect of Rajasthani language of Indo-Aryan family. ... Shekhawati (शेखावाटी) is a semi-arid region located in the northeast part of Rajasthan, India. ... Mewati, a dialect of Rajasthani language of Indo-Aryan family, is spoken by about five million speakers in Alwar, Bharatpur and Dholpur districts of Rajasthan, and Faridabad and Gurgaon districts of Haryana states of India. ... The Marwari language (also variously Marvari, Marwadi, Marvadi) is spoken in the Indian state of Rajasthan, but is also found in the neighboring state of Gujarat and in Eastern Pakistan. ... Mewari is one of the major dialects of Rajasthani language of Indo-Aryan languages family. ... The Wagri, Wagiri, or Wagrians were a West Slavic tribe inhabiting eastern Holstein (northern Germany), that is, Wagria, in the 9th through 12th centuries. ... , Rājasthān (DevanāgarÄ«: राजस्थान, IPA: )   is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area. ... This article is for the Indian state. ... , Haryana (Hindi: हरियाणा, Punjabi: ਹਰਿਆਣਾ, IPA: ) is a state in north India. ... , This article is about the Indian state of Punjab. ... This article is about the Pakistani province. ... Le de de Sind de ou de Sindh de (Sindhi: ‎, Urdu: ‎, Hindi: ) peut se rapporter : * Sindh de le Pakistan (de 1970), retitré du ** de province de Sind dedans 1990 * [[provinces de |Sind] de province de Sind (1936-1955)] de lInde britannique (1936-04-01 - 1947-08-13) ** de le... Seraiki is a language of great antiquity in Pakistan. ... Bahawal Pur (also Bhawalpur or Bhawulpore) (Urdu: بہاولپور ) is a city of (1998 pop. ... Multan shown on a 1669 world map (Urdu: ملتان) is a city in the Punjab Province of Pakistan and capital of Multan District. ...

Classification

The Rajasthani language is a part of the Western Indo-Aryan family, although some of the more easterly dialects of Rajasthani show characteristics of the Central Indo-Aryan languages. This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... It is a perplexing question as to ask the number of dialects of Rajasthani language. ... The Indo-Aryan languages include some 210 (SIL estimate) languages and dialects spoken by many people in Asia; this language family is a part of the Indo-Iranian language family. ...

Dialects

Some major dialects of Rajasthani are:

• Bagri
• Shekhawati
• Mewati
• Marwari
• Dhundhari
• Harauti
• Mewari
• Wagri or Bhili

Some of the recognized minor dialects of Rajasthani are: Bagri is a dialect of Rajasthani language of the Indo-Aryan family. ... Shekhawati (शेखावाटी) is a semi-arid region located in the northeast part of Rajasthan, India. ... Mewati, a dialect of Rajasthani language of Indo-Aryan family, is spoken by about five million speakers in Alwar, Bharatpur and Dholpur districts of Rajasthan, and Faridabad and Gurgaon districts of Haryana states of India. ... The Marwari language (also variously Marvari, Marwadi, Marvadi) is spoken in the Indian state of Rajasthan, but is also found in the neighboring state of Gujarat and in Eastern Pakistan. ... The Harauti language is a Rajasthani language spoken in the south east part of the state. ... Mewari is a popular language spoken in the Mewar region of Rajasthan. ... The Wagri, Wagiri, or Wagrians were a West Slavic tribe inhabiting eastern Holstein (northern Germany), that is, Wagria, in the 9th through 12th centuries. ... Bhili is a Central Indo-Aryan language spoken in west-central India, in the region east of Ahmadabad. ... It is a perplexing question as to ask the number of dialects of Rajasthani language. ...

• Dhatki
• Goaria
• Loarki
• Gade Lohar
• Thali
• Sansiboli
• Romany
• Gujari or Gojari
• Malvi
• Nimadi

This language, also known as Thari or Dhati, was spoken in parts of Pakistan. ... Goaria is the language used in Rajasthan. ... A north Indian Thali Thali is an Indian meal with contents varying from one regional cuisine to another. ... Sansiboli is a highly endangered dialect of Rajasthani language of Indo-Aryan family. ... Romany (or Romani) relates to: The Roma: a people sometimes pejoratively called Gypsies. Their language Romany was the pseudonym of a broadcaster and writer of Roma descent, George Bramwell Evens. ... Malvi is an Indo-European language with over a million speakers spoken in Malwa. ...

Official Status

In the past, the language spoken in Rajasthan was regarded as a dialect of western Hindi (Kellogg, 1873). George Abraham Grierson (1908) was the first scholar who gave the designation ‘Rajasthani’ to the language, which was earlier known through its various dialects. Today, however, Sahitya Akademi, National Academy of Letters and University Grants Commission recognize it as a distinct language. It is also taught as such in the Universities of Jodhpur and Udaipur. The Board of Secondary Education, Rajasthan included Rajasthani in the course of studies and it has been an optional subject since 1973. Since 1947, several movements have been going on in Rajasthan for its recognition, but unfortunately it is still considered a ‘dialect’ of Hindi. Recently, the Rajasthan Government has recognized it as a state language, but still, there is a long way for Rajasthani language to go. The reason is it lacks a comprehensive reference grammar and latest dictionary prepared based on a thorough linguistic survey of Rajasthan. Now an extensive descriptive grammar of Rajasthani is under process. Braj, though never a clearly defined political region, is considered to be the land of Krishna and is derived from the Sanksrit word vraja. ... Sir George Abraham Grierson (7 January 1851, County Dublin, Ireland - 9 March 1941, Camberley, Surrey, United Kingdom) was a famous British civil servant who spent much of his life in British India. ... A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος) is a variant, or variety, of a language spoken in a certain geographical area. ... The Sahitya Akademi is an Indian organisation dedicated to the promotion of literature in the languages of India. ... University Grants Commission can refer to: The University Grants Commission of Bangladesh The University Grants Commission of India The University Grants Commission of Pakistan The University Grants Commission of Sri Lanka The similar term University Grants Committee is or has been in the past used in some other Commonwealth countries. ... A university is an institution of higher education and of research, which grants academic degrees. ... , Jodhpur   (जोधपुर), is the second largest city in the Indian state of Rajasthan. ... Udaipur   (उदयपुर) is a city and a municipal council in Udaipur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. ... As Thought Process During the process of thinking, recognition occurs when some event, process, pattern, or object recurs. ... An official language is a language that is given a privileged legal status in a state, or other legally-defined territory. ... Used as a noun, comprehensive may be short for: Comprehensive layout Comprehensive school Comprehensive System This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... For other uses, see Dictionary (disambiguation). ... , Rājasthān (DevanāgarÄ«: राजस्थान, IPA: )   is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area. ...

Prominent Linguists

• Anvita Abbi
• Christopher Shackle
• David Magier
• George Abraham Grierson
• George Macalister
• John D. Smith
• Kali Charan Bahl
• L. P. Tessitori
• Lakhan Gusain
• Liudmila Khokhlova
• Narottam Das Swami
• Peter E. Hook
• Ram Karan Asopa
• Sita Ram Lalas
• Suniti Kumar Chatterjee

Christopher Shackle (born 4 March 1942) is Professor of Modern Languages of South Asia in the University of London, Department of the Languages and Cultures of South Asia, and also Professor, Department of Study of Religions at that university. ... Sir George Abraham Grierson (7 January 1851, County Dublin, Ireland - 9 March 1941, Camberley, Surrey, United Kingdom) was a famous British civil servant who spent much of his life in British India. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Peter Edwin Hook is Professor of Linguistics and Indo-Aryan Languages at the Department of Asian Languages and Cultures, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,MI since 1971. ... Chatterji, Suniti Kumar (1890-1977) linguist, educationist, litterateur, was born on 26 October 1890 at Shivpur in Howrah, son of Haridas Chattopadhyay. ...

Grammar

• To be added: Phonology, Morphology, Syntax

Works on Rajasthani

• Agrawal, K.C. 1964. Shekhawati boli ka varnatmak adhyayan. Lucknow: Lucknow University
• Allen, W.S. 1957. Aspiration in the Harauti nominal. Oxford: Studies in Linguistics
• Allen, W.S. 1957. Some phonological characteristics of Rajasthani. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 20:5-11
• Allen, W.S. 1960. Notes on the Rajasthani Verb. Indian Linguistics, 21:1-13
• Asopa, R.K. 1950. Marwari Vyakaran. Jaipur: Popular Prakashan
• Bahl, K.C. 1972. On the present state of Modern Rajasthani Grammar. Jodhpur: Rajasthani Shodh Samsthan, Chaupasani (Rajasthani Prakirnak Prakashan Pushp, 5)
• Bahl, K.C. 1980. aadhunik raajasthaani kaa sanracanaatamak vyaakaran . Jodhpur: Rajasthani Shodh Samsthan
• Chatterji, S.K. 1948. Rajasthani Bhasha. Udaipur: Rajasthan Vidayapith
• Gusain, Lakhan. 1994. Reflexives in Bagri. M.Phil. dissertation. New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University
• Gusain, Lakhan. 1999. A Descriptive Grammar of Bagri. Ph.D. dissertation. New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University
• Gusain, Lakhan. 2000. Limitations of Literacy in Bagri. Nicholas Ostler & Blair Rudes (eds.). Endangered Languages and Literacy. Proceedings of the Fourth FEL Conference. University of North Carolina, Charlotte, 21-24 September, 2000
• Gusain, Lakhan. 2002. Endangered Language: A Case Study of Sansiboli. M.S. Thirumalai et al (eds.). Language in India, Vol. 2:9
• Gusain, Lakhan. 2000. Bagri. München: Lincom Europa (Languages of the World/Materials, 384)
• Gusain, Lakhan. 2001. Shekhawati. München: Lincom Europa (Languages of the World/Materials, 385)
• Gusain, Lakhan. 2003. Mewati. München: Lincom Europa (Languages of the World/Materials, 386)
• Gusain, Lakhan. 2004. Marwari. München: Lincom Europa (Languages of the World/Materials, 427)
• Hook, Peter and Man Singh Mohabbat Singh Chauhan. 1986. Grammatical Capture in Rajasthani. Scott DeLancey and Russell Tomlin, eds., Proceedings of the Second Annual Meeting of the Pacific Linguistics Conference. Eugene: Department of Linguistics. 203-20
• Hook, Peter and Man Singh Mohabbat Singh Chauhan.1988. The Perfective Adverb in Bhitrauti. Word 39:177-86
• Hook, Peter and Man Singh Mohabbat Singh Chauhan. 1988. On the Functions and Origin of the Extended Verb in Southern Rajasthani. Gave.sa.naa 51:39-57
• Khokhlova, Liudmila Viktorovna. in press. "Infringement of Morphological and Syntactic Operations' Pairing in "Second Causative" Formation (Hindi-Urdu, Punjabi, Gujarati, Rajasthani)." Indian Linguistics 64.
• Lalas, S.R. 1962-78. Rajasthani Sabad Kol. 9 Volumes. Jodhpur: Rajasthani Shodh Samsthan
• Macalister, George. 1898. A Dictionary of the Dialects Spoken in the State of Jeypore. 1st edition. Allahabad: Printed at the Allahabad Mission Press
• Magier, David S. 1983. Topics in the Grammar of Marwari. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California
• Magier, David S. 1984. Transitivity and valence: Some lexical processes in Marwari. Berkeley Linguistic Society 10
• Magier, David S. 1985. Case and Transitivity in Marwari. Arlene R.K. Zide, David Magier & Eric Schiller (eds.). Proceedings of the Conference on Participant Roles: South Asia and Adjacent Areas. An Ancillary Meeting of the CLS Regional Meeting, April 25th, 1984, University of Chicago. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Linguistics Club. 149-59
• Maheshwari, H.L. 1960. Rajasthani Bhasha aur Sahitya. vs 1500-1650. Calcutta: Adhunik
• Maheshwari, H.L. 1980. History of Rajasthani Literature. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi
• Menaria, M. 1960. Rajasthani Bhasha aur Sahitya. Allahabad: Hindi Sahitya Sammelan
• Miltner, V. 1964. Old Gujarati, Middle Gujarati, and Middle Rajasthani sentence structure. Bharatiya Vidya 24:9-31
• Nandhala, J. 1974. Dhundhari Lok bhasha kosh. Jaipur: Rajasthan Bhasha Prachar Sabha
• Prabhakar, M. 1976. A Critical Study of Rajasthani Literature. Jaipur: Panchsheel Prakashan
• Sakaria, B. & B. Sakaria. 1977. Rajasthani-Hindi Shabda-Kosh. Jaipur: Panchsheel Prakashan
• Shackle, Christopher (1976). The Seraiki Language of Central Pakistan: A Reference Grammar. London: School of Oriental and African Studies.
• Shackle, Christopher (1977). "Seraiki: A Language Movement in Pakistan". Modern Asian Studies 11 (3): 279–403.
• Smith, J.D. 1975. An Introduction to the Language of the Historical Documents from Rajasthan. Modern Asian Studies 9.4:433-64
• Smith, J.D. 1976. The Visaladevrasa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
• Swami, N.D. 1960. Sankshipta Rajasthani Vyakaran. Bikaner: Rajasthani Research Institute
• Swami, N.D. 1975. Rajasthani Vyakaran. Bikaner: Navyug
• Tessitori, L.P. 1914-16. Notes on the Grammar of Old Western Rajasthani. Indian Antiquary:43-5
• Vyas, Kantilal Baldevram (ed.). 1997. Kanhabade Prabhandha: Jodhpur: Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute (Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute Publication Series, 11) [Reprint of the 1953 edition]

External links

• Centre for Rajasthani Studies
• Ethnologue Report for Rajasthani
• Rajasthani Bibliography
• Online Rajasthani-English Dictionary
• Rajasthani literature