? Frogs
Pobblebonk, Australia
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Amphibia Order: Anura Family: Ranidae Gray, 1825
Genera
Batacia Opyum Rana - Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x602, 176 KB) Eastern Banjo Frog, Pobblebonk, Limnodynastes dumerili, photographed in Swifts Creek Victoria. ... Binomial name Limnodynastes dumerilii (Peters, 1863) The eastern banjo frog it is also commonly called the pobblebonk after its distinctive bonk call, is a frog species from the family Myobatrachidae. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Phyla Porifera (sponges) Ctenophora (comb jellies) Cnidaria (coral, jellyfish, anenomes) Placozoa (trichoplax) Subregnum Bilateria (bilateral symmetry) Acoelomorpha (basal) Orthonectida (flatworms, echinoderms, etc. ... Typical Classes Subphylum Urochordata - Tunicatas Ascidiacea Thaliacea Larvacea Subphylum Cephalochordata - Lancelets Subphylum Myxini - Hagfishes Subphylum Vertebrata - Vertebrates Petromyzontida - Lampreys Placodermi (extinct) Chondrichthyes - Cartilaginous fishes Acanthodii (extinct) Actinopterygii - Ray-finned fishes Actinistia - Coelacanths Dipnoi - Lungfishes Amphibia - Amphibians Reptilia - Reptiles Aves - Birds Mammalia - Mammals Chordates (phylum Chordata) include the vertebrates, together with... For other uses, see Amphibian (disambiguation). ... Suborders Archaeobatrachia Mesobatrachia Neobatrachia The Anura is the order of animals in the class Amphibia that includes frogs and toads. ... John Edward Gray. ... Rana is: A municipality in the county of Nordland, Norway, see Rana, Norway The Rana family, who usurped control of Nepal from the mid-19th century until 1951, reducing the monarch to a figurehead and ruling through hereditary government positions A genus of frogs (rana is Latin for frog) La...

Frog is the common name for amphibians in the order, Anura. There is often a distinction made between frogs and toads, based on appearance, however there is no scientific distinction. The only family exclusively given the common name "toad" is Bufonidae, but many species from various other families are also called "toads". True frogs are of the family Ranidae. Orders Subclass Labyrinthodontia - extinct Subclass Lepospondyli - extinct Subclass Lissamphibia   Anura   Caudata   Gymnophiona Amphibians (class Amphibia) are a taxon of animals that include all tetrapods (four-legged vertebrates) that do not have amniotic eggs. ... Genera Ansonia Atelopus Bufo Capensibufo Crepidophryne Dendrophryniscus Didynamipus Frostius Laurentophryne Leptophryne Melanophryniscus Mertensophryne Nectophryne Nectophrynoides Nimbaphrynoides Oreophrynella Osornophryne Pedostibes Pelophryne Peltophryne Pseudobufo Rhamphophryne Werneria Wolterstorffina The true toads are amphibians in the Bufonidae family. ... For other uses, see Toad (disambiguation). ...

Characteristics

Main article: Frog zoology

Due to the large diversity of frogs (over 4000 species), many characteristics are not shared throughout all of the species. However, there are some characteristics which distinguish them from other amphibians. Frogs are generally well suited to jumping, and have long hind legs, with elongated ankle bones. They have a short vertebral column, with no more than ten free vertebrae, followed by a fused tail bone, usually resulting in a frog with no tail. // Introduction to phylum About 400 million years ago, some members of the sarcopterygian group of fish moved onto land. ...

Frogs range in size from 10mm (Psyllophryne didactyla of Brazil and Eleutherodactylus iberia of Cuba) to 300mm (Goliath frog, Conraua goliath, of Cameroon). The smallest frog in the Southern Hemisphere is the Gold Frog, or Brazilian Psyllophryne Didactyla. ... Binomial name Conraua goliath (Boulenger, 1906) The Goliath frog is an African frog of genus Conraua. ...

The skin is unkeratinized and hangs loosely on the body because of the lack of loose connective tissue, and can be smooth, warty or have skin folds. Frogs have three eyelid membranes: one transparent to protect the eyes underwater, and two which are translucent to opaque. They have a tympanum on each side of their head, which is involved in hearing, and is covered by skin in some species. Loose connective tissue is the most common type of connective tissue in vertebrates. ... Tympanum may mean: The eardrum; or A sculpted panel that stands within the recessed area formed by a larger arch above the doors to a church or similar building, especially in Romanesque and Gothic architecture; or A single drum in the orchestral percussion section usually called timpani. ...

Skeleton of Rana

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (723x1069, 262 KB) Summary Skeleton of frog. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (723x1069, 262 KB) Summary Skeleton of frog. ...

Call

The males of most species of frogs will call for a variety of reasons. It will call by passing air through the larynx, in the throat. In most calling frogs, the sound is amplified by the vocal sac(s). The vocal sac is a membrane of skin under the throat which distends during the amplification of the call. Each call is unique to a species. The larynx (plural larynges), or voicebox, is an organ in the neck of mammals involved in protection of the trachea and sound production. ...

The main reason for calling is for the male to attract a mate. Males will either call in a group, called a chorus, or individually. A male frog will emit a different call when mounted by another male. Both of these calls are emitted with the mouth of the frog closed.

A distress call is emitted by some frogs when they are in a position of danger. This is done with the mouth open, and usually results in a higher pitched call. The effectiveness of the call is unknown, however it is suspected the call intrigues the predator, until another animal is attracted, distracting them enough for its escape.

Many species of frog have deep calls, or croaks. Frog noise tends to be spelt (for English speakers) as "crrrrk" in Britain and "ribbit" in the USA. This difference is due to the different species within each region(e.g. Common frog (Rana temporaria) in Britain and Leopard frog (Rana pipiens) in the USA). The croak of the American bullfrog (Rana catesbiana) is sometimes spelt "jug o' rum". Binomial name Rana temporaria Linnaeus, 1758 The Common Frog, Rana temporaria also known as the European Common Frog or European Common Brown Frog is found throughout much of Europe as far east as the Urals, except for most of Iberia, southern Italy, and the southern Balkans. ... Species Rana berlandieri Rana blairi Rana chiricahuensis Rana fisheri Rana onca Rana pipiens Rana sphenocephala Rana subaquavocalis Rana yavapaiensis Leopard frogs, which are also called meadow frogs and grass frogs, are a collection of so-called true frogs within the genus Rana. ... Binomial name Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802 For the software company, see Bullfrog Productions The American Bull Frog (Rana catesbeiana) is an amphibian, a member of the family Ranidae, or true frogs. This frog is found in ponds, lakes, or marshland mainly where the water is quiet and covered with plants. ...

Poison

Some species of frog secrete toxins from their skin. These toxins deter predatory animals from eating them, and some are extremely poisonous to humans. Generally the frog obtains the poison from the insects or animals they eat. The Australian corroboree frogs pseudophryne corroboree and pseudophryne pengilleyi have been discovered to be able to manufacture a unique alkaloid which is not derived from their diet (Daly). Some natives of the Amazon area extract poison from the poison dart frog and put it on their darts when hunting. It was previously a misconception that the poison was placed on arrows rather than darts. The name of the frog was changed from poison arrow frog to poison dart frog in the early 1980's. Poisonous frogs tend to advertise their toxicity with bright colours. A toxin, in a scientific context, is a biologically produced substance that causes injury to the health of a living thing on contact or absorption, typically by interacting with biological macromolecules such as enzymes and receptors. ... Species Pseudophryne corroboree J. A. Moore 1953 Pseudophryne pengilleyi Wells and Wellington 1985 There are two species of Corroboree frog, the Southern () and the Northern (). Both are classified as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List, but the former is more at risk due to its extremely restricted range. ... An alkaloid is a nitrogenous organic molecule that has a pharmacological effect on humans and animals. ... A river in the Amazon rainforest The Amazon Rainforest is a term widely used to describe the moist broadleaf forests of the Amazon Basin. ... This page may meet Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... Dart may mean: Look up Dart on Wiktionary, the free dictionary A dart is a type of missile thrown or shot. ... Genera Many, about 150+ species within 8 genus The term Poison Dart Frog is the common name given to the group of frogs belonging to the family of Dendrobatae. ...

Distribution and status

Frogs are found nearly worldwide, but they do not occur in Antarctica and are not present on many oceanic islands.

In many parts of the world, the frog populations have declined drastically since the 1950s. Many environmental scientists feel that amphibians, and frogs in particular, may be excellent biological indicators of ecosystem function because of their location on the food web, their permeable skins and their typically bi-phasic life (in both water and on land). Although habitat loss is certainly one of the most important features of most declines; pollutants, climate change, introduction of non-indigenous predators/competitors, and infectious diseases (see Chytrid fungus) have also been implicated. Since about 1950, the populations of many species of amphibians (caecilians, frogs, toads, salamanders and newts) throughout the world have declined markedly; some species have become extinct. ...

Frog skeleton

Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 465 KB) Summary Frog skeleton. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 465 KB) Summary Frog skeleton. ...

Life cycle

The life cycle of frogs contains many stages. Typically, the male frogs of a species will assemble at a still water source. They will then call, collectively becoming a chorus of frogs. The call is unique to the species, and will attract females of that species.

The male and female frog, will then undergo amplexus. This involves the male mounting the female. The female then releases her eggs, which the male frog covers with a sperm solution before the eggs make contact with the water. Once the eggs come in contact with the water, they will swell, and form a protective coating. The eggs are typically brown or black, with a clear, gelatine like, covering. Amplexus is the process when the male frog grasps the female while she lays her eggs. ...

The eggs will hatch after a short time, releasing tadpoles. The tadpoles are entirely aquatic, and undergo the most develpoment in the life cycle. They will undergo metamorphisis, in which they will develop legs, and lungs, to become a froglet, resembling an adult but retaining a vestigial tail. Finally the froglet develops into an adult frog. Typically, tadpoles are herbivores, feeding mostly on algae, whereas juvenile and adult frogs are rather voracious carnivores. Ten-day-old tadpoles A tadpole (also known as a pollywog) is a larval frog, toad, salamander, or newt. ... A deer and two fawns feeding on some foliage In zoology, an herbivore is an animal that is adapted to eat primarily plant matter (rather than meat). ... The algae (singular is alga) comprise several different groups of living things that produce energy through photosynthesis. ... A carnivore is an animal that eats a diet consisting solely of meat, whether it comes from live animals or dead (scavenging). ...

Most temperate species of frog reproduce in the period between late autumn to early spring. In the UK most common frog populations produce frogspawn in February although there is wide variation in timing. Water temperatures at this time of year are relatively low and typically between four and 10 degrees celsius. Reproducing in these conditions helps the developing tadpoles because dissolved oxygen concentrations in the water are highest at cold temperatures. More importantly, reproducing early in the season ensures that appropriate food is available to the developing frogs at the right time.

Frogspawn Close-up of frogspawn. ...

10 days: Tadpoles Download high resolution version (994x764, 38 KB)The tadpoles from Image:Frogspawn closeup. ...

8–12 weeks: Froglet A frog that looks like a zhe. ...

12–16 weeks: Adult frog Green leopard frog in swamp with duckweed Copyright 1995 Steven J. Dunlop, Nerstrand, MN, USA. Released under the GFDL; all other rights reserved. ...

Diet and Predators

All adult frogs are carnivores, and usually eat invertebrates such as: insects, worms and spiders. However, a few of the larger species may eat larger prey, such as small mammals, fish and smaller frogs. Some frogs use their sticky tongues effectively in catching fast-moving prey, while others capture their prey, and force it into their mouth with their hands. A carnivore is an animal that eats a diet consisting solely of meat, whether it comes from live animals or dead (scavenging). ... Classes & Orders Subclass: Apterygota Orders Archaeognatha (Bristletails) Thysanura (Silverfish) Monura - extinct Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Paleoptera (paraphyletic) Orders Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Protodonata - extinct Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) Diaphanopteroidea - extinct Palaeodictyoptera - extinct Megasecoptera - extinct Archodonata - extinct Infraclass: Neoptera Orders Blattodea (cockroaches) Isoptera (termites) Mantodea (mantids) Dermaptera (earwigs) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Protorthoptera - extinct Orthoptera (grasshoppers... A worm is an elongated soft-bodied invertebrate animal. ... Suborders Araneomorphae Mesothelae Mygalomorphae See the taxonomy section for families Spiders are invertebrate animal(s) that produce silk, have eight legs and no wings. ... Orders Subclass Multituberculata (extinct) Plagiaulacida Cimolodonta Subclass Palaeoryctoides (extinct) Subclass Triconodonta (extinct) Subclass Eutheria (includes extinct ancestors)/Placentalia (excludes extinct ancestors) Afrosoricida Artiodactyla Carnivora Cetacea Chiroptera Cimolesta (extinct) Creodonta (extinct) Condylarthra (extinct) Dermoptera Desmostylia (extinct) Embrithopoda (extinct) Hyracoidea Insectivora Lagomorpha Litopterna (extinct) Macroscelidea Mesonychia (extinct) Notoungulata (extinct) Perissodactyla Pholidota Plesiadapiformes... Groups Conodonta Hyperoartia Petromyzontidae (lampreys) Pteraspidomorphi (early jawless fish) Thelodonti Anaspida Cephalaspidomorphi (early jawless fish) Galeaspida Pituriaspida Osteostraci Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) Placodermi Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) Acanthodii Osteichthyes (bony fish) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfish) A fish is a poikilothermic (cold-blooded) water-dwelling...

Most tadpoles are herbivores, eating moss, or filtering small plant particles through their gills. During the process of metamorphisis, their intestine will shorten to accomodate a carnivorous diet. Some species of frogs are carniverous at the tadpole stage, and will usually eat small larvae and small fish. A deer and two fawns feeding on some foliage In zoology, an herbivore is an animal that is adapted to eat primarily plant matter (rather than meat). ... gills of a Smooth Newt In aquatic organisms, gills are a respiratory organ for the extraction of oxygen from water and for the excretion of carbon dioxide. ...

Many animals eat frogs. These include birds, large fish, snakes otters, foxes, badgers, coatis etc. Tadpoles and eggs are predated by fish, and birds such as king fishers. For other meanings of bird, see bird (disambiguation). ... Superfamilies and Families Henophidia Aniliidae Anomochilidae Boidae Bolyeriidae Cylindrophiidae Loxocemidae Pythonidae Tropidophiidae Uropeltidae Xenopeltidae Typhlopoidea Anomalepididae Leptotyphlopidae Typhlopidae Xenophidia Acrochordidae Atractaspididae Colubridae Elapidae Hydrophiidae Viperidae Snakes are cold blooded legless reptiles closely related to lizards, which share the order Squamata. ... Genera Amblonyx Aonyx Enhydra Lontra Lutra Lutrogale Pteronura Otters are aquatic or marine carnivorous mammals, members of the large and diverse family Mustelidae, which also includes weasels, polecats, badgers, and others. ... A fox is a member of any of 27 species of small omnivorous canids. ... Suborders  Mydeus  Arctonyx  Melogale  Meles  Mellivora  Taxidea Badger is the common name for any animal of three subfamilies, which belong to the family Mustelidae: the same mammal family as the ferrets, the weasels, the otters, and several other types of carnivore. ... Species Nasua nasua Nasua narica Nasua nelsoni The name coati is applied to any of three species of small neotropical mammals in the genus Nasua, family Procyonidae, ranging from southern Arizona to north of Argentina. ...

Taxonomy

A problem commonly associated with Anurans, is the distinction between frogs and toads. This distinction has no scientific basis, and only refers to the common name of a species. Most frogs in the Ranidae family (true frogs) and Hylidae family (tree frogs) are considered frogs, whereas all those within the Bufonidae family (true toads) are considered toads. However, many families, and even genera, have a mixture of frogs and toads, so there is no taxonomic basis.

The distinction between frogs and toads usually given to the Anurans is; frogs are smooth and moist skinned, while toads have dry, warty skin.

Frogs in popular culture

Frogs feature prominently in folklore and fairy tales in many cultures, such as the story of The Frog Prince. Similarly, numerous fantasy settings (such as the Final Fantasy videogames) include magic spells that turn people into frogs, such as the frog character in the videogame Chrono Trigger. Folklore is the body of narratives, including tales, legends, oral history, proverbs, jokes, popular beliefs current among a particular population, comprising the oral tradition of that culture, subculture, or group. ... A fairy tale is a story, either told to children or as if told to children, concerning the adventures of mythical characters such as fairies, goblins, elves, trolls, giants, and others. ... The Frog Prince - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Fantasy is a genre of art, literature, film, television, and music that uses magic and other supernatural forms as a primary element of either plot, theme, setting, or all three. ... Though each Final Fantasy story is independent, many themes and elements of gameplay recur throughout the series. ... A computer game is a game composed of a computer-controlled virtual universe that players interact with in order to achieve a defined goal or set of goals. ... The spell is a magical act intended to cause an effect on reality using supernatural means of liturgical or ritual nature. ... Frog (Glenn) is a playable character in Squaresofts Chrono Trigger. ... A computer game is a game composed of a computer-controlled virtual universe that players interact with in order to achieve a defined goal or set of goals. ... Chrono Trigger (クロノ・トリガー) is a role-playing game that was released in Japan on March 11, 1995 for the Super Famicom and in North America on August 22, 1995 for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES); it was re-released in 1999 for the Sony PlayStation (PS) in Japan and in...

• In the 1992 animated movie Freddie as FRO7, Frederick, an enchanted frog prince with magical powers, becomes a modern-day secret agent.
• The Crazy Frog is a cartoon creature resembling a frog, the character of the most downloaded ringtone in the UK.
• Probably the most famous frog in the entertainment world is the Muppet character Kermit the Frog.
• Until recently, the American TV network The WB (Warner Brothers) used Michigan J. Frog, a frog in a tuxedo as their logo. Michigan J. Frog was the singing, dancing star of the 1955 Warner cartoon, "One Froggy Evening".
• Frogger is an early electronic arcade game which features a frog that must cross a busy road and river.
• Frogs fall from the sky in various urban myths and notably in the movie Magnolia. This may derive from incidents when frogs are picked up by a tornado, or when a sudden migration of frogs happens overnight.
• The behavior of frogs illustrating nonaction is a myth. ("Take a pot of hot water and a frog. Throw the frog into the pot. What do you think will happen? The obvious, of course: the frog will jump out. Who likes hanging around in a pot of hot water? Now ... [t]ake a pot of cold water, put the frog in it, and place the pot on the stove. Turn on the heat. This time something different will occur. The frog, because of the incremental change in temperature, will not notice that it is slowly being boiled." from "Life and Death in the Executive Fast Lane" by Manfred Kets de Vries) Professor Doug Melton, Harvard University Biology Department, says, "If you put a frog in boiling water, it won't jump out. It will die. If you put it in cold water, it will jump before it gets hot -- they don't sit still for you." [1] A frog put anywhere that doesn't kill it will jump, "they don't sit still for you."
• Paul McCartney's " Rupert and the Frog Song" was released in 1984 and reached no.3 in the British Charts.

Crazy Frog advert produced by German based mobile phone content distributor, Jamba! Crazy Frog is the marketing title of a ring tone based on The Annoying Thing, a computer animation created by Erik Wernquist. ... A cartoon is any of several forms of art, with varied meanings that evolved from one to another. ... John Denver and the Muppets: A Christmas Together The Muppets are a group of puppets and costume characters created by Jim Henson and the company he created. ... Kermit has a TV star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame located at 6801 Hollywood Blvd. ... Warner Bros. ... Michigan J Frog in the short One Froggy Evening. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Michigan J Frog One Froggy Evening is a six-minute Technicolor animated short film written by Michael Maltese and directed by Chuck Jones. ... Frogger is a 1981 arcade game licensed for U.S. distribution by Sega/Gremlin, and developed by Konami. ... Centipede by Atari is a typical example of a 1980s era arcade game. ... Magnolia is a 1999 motion picture, written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson, which tells the story of a peculiar interaction among several individuals during one apparently normal day in the San Fernando Valley, California. ... A tornado in Union City, Oklahoma in 1973. ... Paul McCartney, as photographed by John Kelley for the 1968 LP The Beatles (aka The White Album). Sir James Paul McCartney, MBE (born June 18, 1942) is a British singer, musician and songwriter, who first came to prominence as a member of The Beatles. ... Illustration of Rupert by Mary Tourtel Rupert Bear is a cartoon character created by Mary Tourtel in appered in Daily Express on November 8, 1920. ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Frog

Wikibooks Cookbook has more about this subject:

Frog

• The Whole Frog Project - Virtual frog dissection and anatomy
• Disappearance of toads, frogs has some scientists worried - San Francisco Chronicle, April 20, 1992
• The Lily Pad - Frog information, care, and culture
• Racing Frogs Game - Create, Train, Motivate and Feed your own little froggy friend
• The Froggy Page - Frog fun
• Dart Den - Dart frog resource and forums
• Xenbase - A Xenopus laevis and tropicalis Web Resource
• Time-lapse video showing the egg's development until hatching
• Frogs (1977) - when frogs go bad
• Rupert And The Frog Song - Rupert The Bear And The Frog Song

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...