Rapparees were Irish guerrilla fighters who operated on the Jacobite side during the 1690s Williamite war in Ireland. Subsequently the name was also given to bandits and highwaymen in Ireland - many former guerrillas having turned to crime after the war was over. Guerrilla War redirects here. ... This article concerns the political movement supporting the restoration of the House of Stuart, not the earlier Jacobean period. ... Events and Trends Thomas Neale designed Seven Dials The Salem Witchcraft Trials are held in Massachusetts Bay Colony (1692). ... For the context of this war see Jacobitism and Glorious Revolution. ... Butch Cassidy, a famous outlaw An outlaw, a person living the lifestyle of outlawry, is most familiar to contemporary readers as a stock character in Western movies. ... Folk image of a mounted highwayman Highwayman was a term used particularly in Britain during the 17th and 18th centuries to describe criminals who robbed people travelling by stagecoach and other modes of transport along public highways. ...

Wood kerne and Tories

There was a long tradition of irregular warfare in Ireland before the 1690s. Irish guerrilla fighters in the 16th century were known as "wood-kerne", a reference to native Irish foot-soldiers called ceathairaigh, or "kerne". In the Irish Confederate Wars of the 1640s and 50s, irregular fighters on the Irish Confederate side were known as "tories", from the Irish word toraidhe meaning "pursued man". The tories were usually Confederate soldiers whose units had broken up and who regrouped in small bands in rugged country such as the Wicklow Mountains or the Bog of Allen. From 1650-53, during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, the tories caused the occupying English Parliamentarian forces a great deal of trouble, attacking vulnerable garrisons, tax-collectors and supply columns and then melting away when faced with detachments of English troops. Henry Ireton and John Hewson, the Parliamentarian commanders, both led punitive columns into the Wicklow mountains to try and root out the tory bands, but without success. The guerrillas were eventually defeated by evicting all civilians from areas where they operated, selling those who refused to surrender into slavery and finally publishing surrender terms allowing tories to leave the country to enter military service in France and Spain. The last organised bands of tories surrendered in 1653. After the war, many tories continued their activities as ordinary criminals, the Cromwellian authorities called them "private tories". The ranks of tories remained filled throughout the post-war period by Irish Catholics whose land and property was confiscated in the Cromwellian Settlement. (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... The Irish Confederate Wars were fought in Ireland between 1641 and 1653. ... Kilkenny Castle, where the Confederate General Assembly met. ... The Wicklow Mountains are a range of mountains in the south-east of Ireland. ... The Bog of Allen is a large peat bog in the centre of Ireland (namely County Offaly, County Kildare and others). ... Oliver Cromwell landed in Ireland with his New Model Army on behalf of the English Parliament in 1649. ... Henry Ireton Henry Ireton (1611 - November 26, 1651), English was a general in the army of Parliament during the English Civil War. ... Colonel John Hewson (Hughson) died in 1662. ... Plantations in 16th and 17th century Ireland were the seizure of land owned by the native Irish and granting of it to colonists (planters) from Britain. ...

Similar outlaws were to be found in contemporary Scotland, known as mosstroopers. Butch Cassidy, a famous Western American outlaw An outlaw, a person living the lifestyle of outlawry, meaning literally outside of the law. ... Moss-troopers were bandits that operated in Scotland during and after the time of the English Commonwealth. ...

The Williamite War

In the 1690s, during the Glorious Revolution, the label "tory" was insultingly given to the English supporters of James II, to associate them with the Irish rebels and bandits of a generation earlier. In Ireland, Irish Catholics supported James - becoming known as Jacobites. Under Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, each locality had to raise a regiment to support the Jacobite cause, most did so, but James and his French backers did not have the resources to arm and pay them all, so many of them were disbanded. It was from these bands that most of the Rapparees were organised. They armed themselves with whatever they could find or take from Protestant civilians, including muskets, long knives (scian or "skiens") and half-pikes. The rapparees got their name from this last weapon - a pike about 6 feet (2 metres) long, cut down from the standard military pike which was up to 16 feet (5 metres) long - which was known in Irish as a rapaire. The term Glorious Revolution refers to the generally popular overthrow of James II of England in 1688 by a conspiracy between some parliamentarians and the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... James II of England and VII of Scotland (14 October 1633–16 September 1701) became King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland from 6 February 1685. ... This article is not about the Jacobite Orthodox Church, nor is it about Jacobinism or the earlier Jacobean period. ... Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnel (1630 – 14 August 1691), the fifth son of Sir William Talbot, Bart. ... Muskets and bayonets aboard the frigate Grand Turk A musket is a muzzle-loaded, smoothbore long gun, which a user generally fires from the shoulder. ... A modern recreation of a company of pikemen. ...

Throughout the campaign, the rapparees caused major logistical problems to the Williamite army, raiding their rear areas and murdering their soldiers and supporters. Many rapparee bands developed a bad reputation among the general civilian population, including among Catholics, for robbing indiscriminately. George Story, a Williamite officer, tells us that the rapparees hid their weapons in bogs when Williamite troops were in the area and melted into the civilian population, only to re-arm and reappear when the troops were gone. The rapparees were a considerable help to the Jacobite war effort, tying down thousands of Williamite troops who had to protect supply depots and columns. The famous rapparee "Galloping Hogan" is said to have guided Patrick Sarsfield's cavalry raid that destroyed the Williamite's siege train at the siege of Limerick in 1690. Patrick Sarsfield (d. ... The city of Limerick in south-western Ireland was besieged several times in the 17th century, first during the Irish Confederate Wars of the 1640s and’50s again in the Williamite war in Ireland. ... Events Giovanni Domenico Cassini observes differential rotation within Jupiters atmosphere. ...

Social Bandits?

Most rapparees surrendered at the end of the war, Hogan, for instance, surrendered and was amnestied after agreeing to help track down other rapparees but was murdered by his former associates. Many rapparee bands operated in Ireland well into the 18th century. Famous figures include Redmond O'Hanlon, and Eamonn Ryan - Eamonn an cnoic ("Ned of the Hill"), who entered Irish folklore through songs and poems about their exploits. The Pogues released a song based on Ryan, titled Ned of the Hill in 1989. Some historians see the rapparees as an Irish version of the "social bandit" described by the historian Eric Hobsbawm - who is an outlaw but not regarded as a criminal by his own community. (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... The Pogues in concert, 2004 The Pogues are a popular Anglo Irish folk rock band of the 1980s and 90s. ... Eric John Blair Hobsbawm (born June 9, 1917) is a British Marxist historian and author, once the leading theorist of the now defunct Communist Party of Great Britain. ...