Rashid Alievich Sunyaev (Рашид Алиевич Сюняев) was born in Tashkent, Uzbek SSR, on March 1, 1943 and educated at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and Moscow University. He is the head of the High Energy Astrophysics Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and has been chief scientist of the Academy's Space Research Institute since 1992. He is also Managing Director of the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics in Garching, Germany. Image File history File links Rashid Sunyaev This is a copyrighted promotional photo with a known source. ... Tashkent Tashkent (Toshkent or Тошкент in Uzbek, Ташке́нт in Russian; its name is Turkoman language for Stone City It is the current capital of Uzbekistan. ... Jump to: navigation, search State motto: Бутун дунё пролетарлари, бирлашингиз! (transliteration: Butun Dunyo Proletarlari, Burlashingiz! (Uzbek: Workers of the world, unite!) Official language None. ... Jump to: navigation, search March 1 is the 60th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (61st in leap years). ... Jump to: navigation, search 1943 is a common year starting on Friday. ... Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (abbreviated Phystech or MIPT, Russian language: Физтех or МФТИ) is one of the better known Russian universities, sometimes referred to as the Russian MIT. The Institutes primary facilities are located in Dolgoprudny, Moscows satellite town. ... Moscow State University campus M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Московский Государственный Университет имени М.В.Ломоносова, often abbreviated МГУ, MSU, MGU) is considered the oldest university in Russia, founded in 1755. ... Russian Academy of Sciences: main building Russian Academy of Sciences (Росси́йская Акаде́мия Нау́к) is the national academy of Russia. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... The Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics is a Max Planck Institute, located in Garching, near Munich, Bavaria, Germany. ... Garching bei München or Garching is a town in Bavaria, Germany near Munich. ...

With Yakov B. Zel'dovich, in the Moscow Institute of Applied Mathematics, he proposed what is known as the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect, which is due to electrons associated with gas in galaxy clusters scattering the cosmic microwave background radiation. Yakov Borisovich Zeldovich (Russian:Яков Борисович Зельдович) (March 8, 1914 – December 2, 1987) was a prolific Soviet physicist. ... The Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (SZ effect or Sunyaev-Zeldovich theory) is due to high energy electrons distorting the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) through the inverse Compton effect, in which some of the high energy of the electrons is transferred to the low energy photons. ... Properties The electron (also called negatron, commonly represented as e−) is a subatomic particle. ...

Sunyaev and Nikolay I. Shakura developed a model of accretion onto black holes, from a disk, and he has proposed a signature for X-radiation from matter spiraling into a black hole. He has collaborated in important studies of the early universe, including the recombination of hydrogen and the formation of the cosmic microwave background radiation. He led the team which built and operated the Kvant X-ray observatory attached to the Mir space station and also the GRANAT orbiting X-ray observatory. Kvant made the first detection of X-rays from a supernova in 1987. His team is currently preparing the Spectrum-X-Gamma International International Astrophysical Project, and at Garching he is working on two experiments on the forthcoming ESA Planck mission. Nikolai Ivanovich Shakura (Николай Иванович Шакура) was born in Belarus SSR on October 7, 1945. ... Jump to: navigation, search A black hole is a concentration of mass great enough that the force of gravity prevents anything from escaping from it except through quantum tunneling behavior. ... Jump to: navigation, search In cosmology, the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) is a form of electromagnetic radiation discovered in 1964 that radiates throughout the universe in the microwave range. ... Mir (Мир, which can mean both world and peace in Russian) was a highly successful Soviet (and later Russian) space station. ... A space station is an artificial structure designed for humans to live on in outer space. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Honors

• Bruno Rossi Prize in 1988
• Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1995
• Bruce Medal in 2000
• Heineman Prize in 2003